cyp^cP^ 


BOOK    398.09703  F84  1L    c.  1 
FRACHTENBERG    »    LOWER    UMPQUA   TEXTS 
AND    NOTES    ON    KUSAN    DIALECTS 


3  T153  D015M0bS  t. 


MARIAN  W.  SMITH 


MARIAN  V/.  SMITH 


LOWER  UMPQUA  TEXTS 


AND 


NOTES  ON  THE  KUSAN  DIALECTS 


COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  CONTRIBUTIONS  TO 
ANTHROPOLOGY 

Edited  by  Franz  Boas 


VOLUME  IV 


LOWER  UMPQUA  TEXTS 


AND 


NOTES  ON  THE  KUSAN  DIALECTS 


BY 


LEO  J.  FRACHTENBERG 


NEW  YORK 
COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

LEYDEN 

E.  J.  BRILL,  Limited 

I  9  14 


Printed  by  E.  J.  BRILL,  LEYDEN  (Holland). 


CONTENTS. 


LOWER  UMPQUA  TEXTS. 

Page 

Introduction i 

Alphabet 5 

Creation  Myths 7 

1.  The  Universal  Change 7 

2.  The  Death  of  Grizzly  Bear 14 

3.  The  Origin  of  the  Yakonan  and  Siuslauan  Tribes       ....  30 

4.  The  Big  Fire 32 

5.  The  Crow  and  the  Thunder-Bird 34 

6.  The  Girls  and  the  Stars 38 

7.  The  Origin  of  Death 40 

Miscellaneous  Tales 44 

8.  The  Pelican  and  the  Sea-Gull 44 

9.  The  Beaver  and  the  Muskrat 48 

10.  The  Man  who  married  the  Bear- Woman 54 

11.  The  Lost  Seal-Hunters 62 

12.  The  Dreamer 68 

Descriptions  of  Customs  and  Manners 74 

13.  How  a  Wife  was  obtained 74 

14.  Invocation  for  Rain 76 

15.  Description  of  a  Shinny  Game 78 

16.  How  a  Siuslaw  House  was  built,  and  the  Food  the  Siuslaw  ate  80 

17.  Setting  Traps  for  Elk 84 

Fragments 86 

18.  The  Skunk  and  the  Screech-Owl 86 

19.  Coyote  and  the  Two  Otter- Women 88 

20.  The  Grizzly  Bear  and  the  Two  Little  Birds 94 

[V] 


VI 

Page 

21.  The  Old  Woman  and  her  Grand-Daughter 96 

22.  The  Story  of  Louisa  Smith's  Childhood 100 

Appendix 103 

23.  The  Man  who  married  the  Bird-Woman  (told  in  English)       .  103 

Vocabulary 107 

Lower  Umpqua— English 109 

English-Lower  Umpqua 128 

NOTES  ON  THE  KUSAN  DIALECTS. 

1.  Notes  on  the  Miluk 141 

2.  Notes  on  Coos  Texts  (Vol.  I  of  this  Series) 150 

ERRATA 155 


INTRODUCTION. 

The  following  texts  were  collected  on  the  Siletz  Reser- 
vation, Oregon,  during  March  and  April,  191 1,  in  con 
junction  with  an  investigation  of  the  Lower  Umpqua 
language,  carried  on  under  the  joint  auspices  of  the 
Bureau  of  American  Ethnology  and  of  Columbia  University. 
With  the  exception  of  the  last  tale  (No.  23),  which  was 
narrated  in  English  by  Louis  Smith,  a  full-blooded  Lower 
Umpqua  Indian,  all  texts  were  obtained  from  William 
Smith,  an  Alsea  Indian,  who  at  an  early  age  had  gained 
a  knowledge  of  the  Lower  Umpqua  language,  and  from 
his  wife,  Louisa  Smith,  the  oldest  member  of  the  Lower 
Umpqua  tribe,  —  a  tribe  now  practically  extinct. 

The  collection  of  these  texts  was  accomplished  under 
great  difficulties,  which  will  largely  account  for  the  meagre 
number  of  myths  and  tales  contained  in  them.  Louisa's 
advanced  age  rendered  her  practically  useless  as  a  narrator. 
Her  memory  of  old  traditions  was  almost  entirely  gone, 
and  she  had  lost  the  faculty  of  relating  facts  coherently 
and  in  consecutive  order.  Besides,  her  narratives,  such  as 
could  be  obtained,  were  too  much  interspersed  with  Chinook 
jargon ;  so  that,  after  having  obtained  from  her  part  of 
story  No.  18  and  an  account  of  her  childhood  (No.  22), 
I  was  forced  to  resort  to  her  husband's  services  as  a 
narrator.  Since  he  was  not  familiar  with  the  traditions 
of  the  Lower  Umpqua  Indians,  the  following  procedure 
had  to  be  adopted.  He  was  asked  to  obtain  from  his 
wife,  through  the  medium  of  Chinook  jargon,  such  stories, 

I — COI..    UNIV.    CONTRiri.    ANTHROI'.    —    V(~ll,.    IV. 


and  in  such  form,  as  she  could  remember,  and  to  retell 
them  to  me  in  English.  I  then  arrang-ed  the  facts  in 
what  seemed  to  be  the  most  likely  consecutive  order, 
whereupon  William  was  instructed  to  dictate  these  facts 
in  the  Lower  Umpqua  language,  —  a  task  which  at  times 
was  too  much  for  his  limited  intelligence.  He  too  often 
lost  the  trend  of  the  story,  and  wandered  away  from  the 
subject-matter,  leaving  out  the  most  important  details,  and 
failing  to  mention  the  subjects  and  objects  involved  in  a 
certain  myth.  Whenever  unable  to  continue  a  thought, 
he  resorted  to  unnecessary  repetitions,  so  that  most  of  the 
texts  that  make  up  this  collection  seem  to  be  lacking  in 
vividness  of  description  and  continuity  of  thought.  To  be 
sure,  in  extenuation  of  William's  .shortcomings  as  a  nar- 
rator, it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  Lower  Umpqua 
lano^uao^e  was  not  his  native  tong-ue. 

In  this  manner,  after  many  complications  and  an  unusual 
loss  of  time,  I  succeeded  in  obtaining  the  stories  numbered 
8,  9,  1 8,  19,  20,  and  21,  all  of  which  are  native  Lower 
Umpqua  traditions,  and  the  descriptive  texts  listed  in  this 
collection  as  Nos.  13,  14,  16,  and  17.  These  represent 
all  the  traditions  that  Louisa  Smith  could  remember  with 
a  fairly  reasonable  degree  of  certainty.  Being  anxious 
to  obtain  some  more  texts  (not  so  much  for  ethnological 
purposes,  as  from  linguistic  considerations),  I  asked  William 
Smith  to  narrate  Alsea  myths  and  stories,  designating 
some  at  random  from  a  fairly  rich  collection  I  had  pre- 
viou.sly  obtained  from  him  in  his  native  tongue.^  Thus 
he  dictated  the  texts  numbered  1,  2,  3,  10,  11,  12,  and 
15,  which  are  but  a  poor  improvement  over  those  enumer- 
ated above.  They  are  wofully  lacking  in  clearness  and 
continuity  of  description,  are  full  of  repetitions  and  gram- 
matical mistakes,  and  —  being  but  imperfect  translations  — 

'   It  is   planned  [o  pulilish   these  in  a  later  volume  of  this  series. 


do  not  bring"  out  the  points  that  may  have  suggested  their 
conception  to  the  mind  of  the  native  Alsea.  This  is 
especially  true  of  the  creation  myths  Nos.  i  and  3. 
Therefore,  in  order  to  obtain  at  least  a  few  texts  that 
would  be  fairly  free  from  these  faults  of  matter  and  form, 
I  devised  another  plan,  which  proved  very  successful.  I 
picked  out  a  few  Coos  texts,^  dictating  them  in  English 
by  sentences  to  William  Smith,  who  translated  them  in  a 
similar  manner  into  Lower  Umpqua.  Thus  I  obtained  the 
myths  numbered  4,  5,  6,  and  7,  which,  from  a  linguistic 
and  literary  point  of  view,  may  be  considered  the  best  in 
this  collection. 

The  order  of  arrangement  that  has  been  followed  in 
this  volume  resulted  from  considering  the  texts  chiefly 
from  the  point  of  view  of  type  and  volume  of  form. 
Consequently  the  creation  myths  are  listed  first,  in  spite 
of  the  fact  that  none  of  them  are  native  traditions ;  then 
follow  the  miscellaneous  tales,  succeeded  by  texts  that 
contain  descriptive  material ;  after  which  follow  such  stories 
as  were  obtained  in  a  fragmentary  form.  The  last  nar- 
rative (No.  23),  told  in  English,  has  been  added  to  this 
collection,  because  this  proved  the  most  expedient  way  of 
publishing  it. 

The  small  number  of  native  Lower  Umpqua  traditions 
does  not  permit  of  making  any  extensive  investigations 
into  the  question  of  a  probable  concordance  between  the 
mythology  of  the  Lower  Umpqua  and  that  of  the  sur- 
rounding tribes ;  but  judging  from  those  few  that  were 
obtained,  and  chiefly  in  view  of  the  fact  that  Louisa  Smith 
claimed  to  have  heard  her  own  people  tell  some  of  the 
Alsea  and  Coos  stories  contained  in  this  volume,  it  may 
be    assumed    with    a    certain    degree    of    safety    that    the 

'  Leo  J.  Frachtenberg,  Coos  Texts  (Columbia  University  Contributions  to  Anthro- 
pology, Vol.  I,  Xos.   2,  5,  8,  and  9). 


mythology  of  the  Lower  rinp(}ua  Indians  did  not  differ 
materially,  in  form  and  content,  from  that  of  their  neigh- 
bors. This  applies  especially  to  the  traditions  of  the  Coos 
and  Yakonan  ^  tribes,  whose  languages  show  a  clear 
relationship  to  Siuslaw.'' 

The  vocabulary  at  the  end  of  this  volume,  does  not 
by  any  means  contain  all  stems  and  expressions  that  were 
ever  used  by  the  Lower  Umpqua  Indians ;  although  it 
embodies,  besides  the  stems  found  in  the  texts,  such 
additional  material  as  was  obtained  through  colloquial 
intercourse  with  the  informants.  The  alphabetical  order 
in  which  these  stems  are  arranged  was  suggested  by 
Professor  Franz  Boas,  to  whom  the  author  is  greatly 
indebted  in  many  ways.  The  numerals  that  follow  each 
stem  refer  to  page  and  line  of  this  volume. 

A  full  sketch  of  the  Lower  Umpqua  language,  based 
chiefly  upon  these  texts,  is  being  published  by  the  Bureau 
of  American  Ethnology." 

SiLETz,  Ore., 
September,  191 2. 


'  I  intend  to  discuss  this  question  in  a  grammatical  sketch  of  the  Alsea,  to  be 
published  in  the  Handbook  of  American  Indian  Languages  (Bureau  of  American 
Kthnology,   Bulletin  40,  Part   II). 

-    l.eo   f.   Frachtenl)erg,   i,o\ver    L'mpqua,   an    Illustrative   Sketch  (ibid.). 


ALPHABET. 

a Like  a  in  sJiall. 

e Like  c  in  hchiict. 

I Like  /  in  //. 

0 Like  0  in  sort. 

u Like  u  in  German  Fnrc/it. 

a Like  a  in  car. 

c Like  a  in  table. 

I Like  ee  in  teem. 

0 Like  0  in  rose. 

u Like  00  in  too. 

I Like  y  in   Polish   ryba. 

u Very  short  u. 

a Like  a  in  German  loil/ilen. 

!•: Obscure  vowel. 

",  '■,  1,  o,  II,  E    Resonance  vowels. 

a' Like  /  in  island. 

a'> Same  as  preceding,  but  with  .second  element  long. 

a" Like  on  in  inoitth. 

a~^^ Same  as  preceding,  with  second  element  long. 

//'■ Diphthong  ui. 

o} Diphthong  ai. 

a" Diphthong  au. 

u^ Diphthong  Tti. 

q Velar  k. 

q! Same  as  preceding,  with  very  great  stress  of  explosion. 

X Like  ch  in  German  Bach. 

k Like  c  in  come,  but  unaspirated. 

kl Same  as  preceding,  with  very  great  stress  of  explosion. 

X'' Aspirated  k. 

d,  t Sonants  and  surds  difficult  to  distinguish ;  surd  not  aspirated 

// Like  t,  with  very  great  stress  of  explosion. 

/' Weak  explosive  /. 

/' Aspirated  /. 

s As  in  English. 

c Like  sh  in  English  she. 

is As  in  English  sits. 

tc Like  ch  in  chu?ik. 

tsf,  tc!  .  .  .  Same  as  preceding,  with  very  great  stress  of  explosion. 


ts\  tc'    ...  AN'eak  explosives. 

/ As  in  English. 

p: Same  as  preceding,  with  very  great  stress  of  explosion. 

/,  w,  II  .  .  .  As  in  English. 

/• Palatal  /.      Like  /  in  English  lure. 

7 Spirant  lateral,  pronounced  like  the  combined  ch  in  (ierman 

/i/i  and  the  /  in  English  lure. 

/, Surd  lateral,  i)ronounced  very  much  like  //. 

r./ Same  as  preceding,  with  very  great  stress  of  explosion. 

*• Glottal  catch. 

' Aspiration  whose  palatal  or  velar  character  depends  ui)on  the 

character  of  the  vowel  that  precedes  it. 
h,  y,  70    .  .  As  in  English. 

' Stress  accent. 

^ Pitch  accent. 


CREATION  MYTHS. 

I.  The  Universal  Change^  {Alsea). 

One  day  (Coyote)  said  to  his  people  that  he  was  going 
to  assemble  many  people.  "We  shall  have  fun."  So 
everywhere  he  sent  word  to  all  people,  (instructing  the 
messengers  thus:)  "You  will  tell  (them  that)  on  such  a 
day  many  people  will  come  together  from  everywhere." 
And,  indeed,  thus  (the  messengers)  did.  To  each  place 
there  came  a  messenger,  saying,  "  Many  people  are  going 
to  assemble."  And,  indeed,  people  did  thus,  and  assembled. 
And  after  a  while  all  the  messengers  returned. 

Waa'a^tsmE  ants  L!a'^'  hitc.      TEma^^'yun  ants  L!a'=^'  hitc. 

He  speaks  to  his     those     many    people.     He  will  assemble    those     many   people. 

them 

"Hu'tctun}."       K!exu'tc    L.'aya'tc    waa'un    ants    hitc    L!a'^'. 

"Play  will  we."'  Each  to  place  to        he  says  to      those     people     many. 

"Llwa'ntuxtci,  'Tcint  tsxayu'^^'  tEmu'tux  Lla'^i  hitc  klexu'nE.'" 

"Tell  shall  you,     'On  such         a  day  assemble       many  people    every  from.' " 

shall 

"1  wan  ha'nhan  s'^atsa'tx  hitcu^^^      Klexu^tc  Llaya'tc  waa'un 

Then  finally     indeed     thus  do  (pi.)     people.  Each   to  place  to  says  it 

tE    ia'k"t!wi    hitu'tc.       "TEmua'wax    ants    L.'a'^^."      "-^l    wan 

this    gatherer  (of)      people.  "Are  going  to  those         many."       Then  finally 

come  together 

ha'nhan    s^atsa'tx    hitcu"^'.       "1    wan    tEmu'tx    hitcil'".      "1 

indeed         thus  do  (pi.)       people.  Then   finally       assemble  people.      Then 

wan  ku'ya^tsacLla'^'  "}  tcin  ants  L.'a^^i  hitc  Ll^wa'x. 

finally        after  a  while  then  return    those      many    people  messengers. 

'  A  myth  probably  common  to  the  Siuslaw  and  Alsea  Indians,  since  Louisa 
claimed   to  have  heard   it   related  bv   some  of  her  own  people. 

[7] 


8 


Thus  was  each  messenger  told:  "In  ten  days  we  shall 
start  from  everywhere."  And  the  messengers  related  it 
thus:    "In   ten   days  the)-   will   come." 

Glad  were  the  hearts  of  the  people  who  were  going  to 
assemble.  They  kept  counting  those  days,  for  they  were 
eoinof  to  have  much  fun.  Thev  were  gfoincr  to  shoot  at 
the  target,  and  they  were  going  to  throw  up  bundles  of 
tied  grass  and  spear  them  in  the  air.  Thus  jjeople  were 
going  to  play,  as  soon  as  those  days  should  pass.  And 
that  chief  (Coyote)  said,  "Many  will  come.  Make  ye  your 
minds  strong.     Don't  be  continually  down-hearted !" 


"1     wan  waa'xam  s'^^atsi'tc :    "  Kix'^s  tsxayu'^'''  "Inxan  wan 

Then  finally    (he)  is  told  thus:  "(In)  ten  days  then  we    finally 

(excl.) 

qa'tc'^ntux    klexO'nE    Llaya'nE."      "t    wan    s^atsftc    iJwina'' 


start  will  each  from         place  from.'"        Then  finally  thus 

ants  Ll^wa'x :   "Kix^^s  tsxayCi'^'^  "tnx  Li'utux." 

those     messengers:     "(In)  ten  days  then     come   will.'" 

they 


relate 


hai^ 

heart 
(of) 

ants 

those 


many 
^^(of)' 

tsxayu'^'. 

days. 


ants 

those 
(who) 

Ya=^'xa^ 

Much 


tEmua  wax 

to  assemble 
intend 

hutcu'"' 


L!a'^' 

many. 

Lla^-i 

they 


Tsltu'^^'^tc      hai'      ants      L!a 

Glad  (is)  their       heart        those 

Ka^Lxesun 

They  keep  on 

counting  (will  have). 

TsiLlatu'"    ya^'xa'    L!a'^^      "1    hamxa^'ni    ants    tsEha"\'a    "1 

Shoot  (pi.)  many  people.       And     made  of  tied         that  grass  then 

qa'xuntc     hakwa'yu'nE    H    qa'xuntc    tu'tca'yutnE.       Si^a'tsa 

upwards  it  is  thrown  and       upwards  it  is  speared.  Thus 

hutcu'"  iJa'^'.      Ku'ya'tsacLla'-'^i  "1  smO't'Etux  ants  tsxayu'^^^ 

play  (pi.)     many.  After  a  while  then     end 

Waa^'     ants     m^a'tl,     "Ll'utux     Lla'-'^'. 

Says  that  chief,  "Come  will         many. 


will        those  days. 

TE^xmisitci  ^     ha^" ! 


10  Kumi'ntc''tci  (ja'xantc  ha"'wisitl  ha'M" 

Not  you  downwards     make  contin-  hearts!" 

ually  your 


Strong  continually     hearts ! 
let  be  your 


'   Mis-heard    for    iE'xmhit^tct  strong  continuat.i.v  (i,et)  r.E  vouk  .  . 
of  tEx"m  strong;  -Is  durative:  -Itttd  possessive  suffix  for  2d  per.  pi. 


Consists 


At  last  those  ten  days  came  to  an  end.  They  were 
lookinof  out  for  the  multitude  that  was  to  come.  And 
finally  they  came.  Many  people  came  and  began  to  play. 
Different  games  they  played.  They  were  shooting  at  the 
target,  and  were  playing  shinny.  Those  who  came  brought 
with  them  all  kinds  of  things.  "We  shall  play  different 
games."  Many  games  were  to  be  indulged  in.  And 
people  kept  on  assembling,  and  began  to  play.  They  were 
shooting  at  the  target.     Then  (Coyote  and  his  aide)  said 


4     wan    smut'a't'     ants    tsxayu'^^^       H     wan    ya'q"hisun 

Then  finally  ends  that  day.  And     now    (they)  watch  con- 

tinually (for) 

ants     L.'a'-^'     Lfutux.       "1     wan     Li'utx     hitcu'"    ants    L!a'^\ 

those         manv        come  will.      Then  finally         come  people         those       many, 

(who)      •  '  (pi.) 

Ya^'xai  hitc  l\sl'^''  liTi.    "1  wan  hutca'tx  hitcu'".    Nictcamai'- 

Many        people    many     come.   Then   finally   play  (pi.)      people.  Different 

nat'E     hutca'tx    hltcu'^^      TclLlatu'^^  ^    L!a'^'.      PEku''^    hh'^'. 

(games)       play  (pi.)  people.  Shoot  now  many.  Play  many. 

(pi.)  shinny  (pi.) 

5   Ha'^mut     hla^'     tp:'q     hina'yun     ants    Li'utx    hltcu'^^    iJa'^^ 

All  many         some-  bring   it  those         come  people  many, 

thing  (who)         (pi.) 

"Nictcamai'nat'anl     hu'tctux,"        H     wan      ya<xa'      hutca'' 

"Different  (games)  play  will."'  So        now  much  playing 

we  (incl.) 

xnP'na'a"."^      ""l     wan     tEmu'tx     hitcu'".       ^^l    wan     hutca'tx 

will  be  done.         And      now  assemble  people.  And     now  play  (pi.) 

(Pl-) 

hitcu'".^       TciLlatu'"  ^      L!a'^'.       "la"x     s'^atsi'tc     waana  wa. 

people.  Shoot  now  they.  Then  thus  talk  to  each 

(pl.)  they  two  other. 

'  This  form  has  been  used  instead  of  tsJUatu'".  The  narrator  frequently  sub- 
stituted a  c  for  an  j,  owing  chiefly  to  the  fact  that  his  native  tongue  (Alsea)  has 
no  true  alveolar  spirants. 

2  Louisa  claimed  that  .\/ii"'/ia'tain  would  have  been  a  more  appropriate  form 
than  xtiV"na'a". 

■'  Note  the  frequent  recurrence  of  this  phrase.  Such  repetitions  will  be  met 
with  throughout  these  texts,  and  constitute  a  characteristic  trait  of  William  Smith's 
mode  of  narrating  a  story. 


lO 

thus:  "Whoever  has  a  strong  mind  shall  be  first.''  Thus 
the  two  chiefs  talked  to  each  other.  And  the  people 
were  shooting  at  the  target,  while  others  kept  on  assem- 
bling. And  the  contestants  were  shooting  far.  Thus  the 
games  were  started.  Then  those  two  chiefs  said,  "We 
two  are  going  to  play.  All  kinds  of  games  we  shall  play. 
We  shall  play  a  great  deal."  Thus  said  to  each  other 
the  two  chiefs.  "  We  two  shall  play  all  kinds  of  games." 
All  the  people  put  feathers  on  their  heads.     And  when 


"Watc     tEVmtc     ha'\     "I     s^a     pEh'tcitux."       S^atsftc^^ax 

"Who  strong  his        mind,       so         he  first    shall  be."  Thus     they  two 

waanaVa     a''nts"x     m^a^tl.      TclL!atu'^  ^    L!a'^'.        TEmu'tx 

talk  to  each      those  two  chiefs.  Shoot  now  they.  Assemble 

other  (pi.)  ■  (pi.) 

hitcu'".     "t    ants    tciLlatu'"  ^    "1    qa^ha'ntc   tsiLla''.      S^atsa"'- 

people.        And    those       shoot  now         and  far  to  shoot.  Thus 

(who)  (pl-) 

wax      hfq!a*t     ants     L!a'^'.       A^nts^x     m^a^tl     waanaVa"x. 

intend       start  now       those        many.  Those  two        chiefs  talk  to  each 

to  other  they  two. 

"Hu'tcawans.       K.'exu^ni    tE'qa^^'ni    hotcai'    xnl'^'nf  ^'yOns." - 

"Are  going  to  play  Each  con-         something  fun  do  it  will  we  two" 

we  two  (incl.).  sisting  of       consisting  of  (incl.). 

Waa''muxwa"x    ants    m^a'ti.      "Hu'tctuns    ya^'xa."     S^atsf- 

Talk  to  each  other       those        chiefs.  "Play  will  we  much."  Thus 

they  two  two  (incl.)  (adv.) 

tca^^x    waa^'mux"    ants    m^a^tl.      "Kle^xu'ni    tE'qa"'ni  hutca^' 

they  talk  to  each        those        chiefs.  "Each  con-  something  fun 

two  other  sisting  of        consisting  of 

"Ins     xnr^ni'wyun." 

then  we        do  it  will." 
two  (incl.) 

Ha'^niuf^nx    ta'^qat    skwaha'^^tx    xwakf    ants    iJa'-^^      Ku' 

All    thev  feathers       stand  on   their         heads  those      man  v.  Al- 


'  This  form  has  l:)een  used  instead  of  /s'lLlaiu'".  The  narrator  frequently  sub- 
stituted a  c  for  an  j,  owing  chiefly  to  the  fact  that  his  native  tongue  (Alsea)  has 
no  true   alveolar  spirants. 

-  Instead   of  xtil'^'nV'^'yuii' lis . 


1 1 


the  fun  was  almost  at  an  end,  that  other  chief  said  thus : 
"Now  we  shall  play  another  game."  Thus  said  that  other 
chief.  So  not  long  afterwards  they  quit.  Then  the  other 
chief  said  thus:  "You  will  assemble  (here)."  And,  verily, 
they  obeyed,  and  assembled  around  him.  "You  will  play 
(thus).  Whoever  likes  that  feather,  he  shall  try  it  on." 
So  the  feather  was  put  on  (some  one) ;  but  as  soon  as 
this  was  done,  that  person  lowered  his  head.  "It  is  heavy, 
I  don't  like  it."  Thus  said  the  man  on  whose  head  (the 
feather)  was  placed.  And  whenever  one  did  thus,  people 
would  shout  at  him.    Then  Wild-Cat  put  it  on,  and  almost 


xyal-x    smu^t'a    ants    iJa'^'    hutcu'^^      "1    Lxa"yaxa^'ni    ants 

most  ends  that        great  fun.  Then        another  one  that 

m^a'ti     "1     waa'.       "Ha^'nanl     hu'tctux     wa^'tux."      Atsi'tc 

chief       then       says.  "Differently  we         play  will  again."  Thus 

waa'    ants    Lxa"yaxa^''ni    ants    m^a'tl.      Kwinx    ya'tsa    s'^a'- 

says  that  other  one  that  chief.  Not  they  long  thus 

ts^yax     ^^Inx     hau'.        "TEmu'tuxtci."       Atsi'tc     waa'     ants 

(did)         so  they       quit.  "Assemble  shall  you."  Thus  says  that 

5   Lxa^yaxa^'ni      ants     m^a'ti.        ^^1     wan     ha'nhan     si^atsa'tx 

other  one  that  chief.  Then     finally  indeed         thus  (do)  (pi.) 

hltcLi'^.      H   wan    tEmu'tx  hitcu'".      "  Hu'tctuxtci.      Tcina'ta^ 

people.       Then  finally      assemble        people.  "Play  shall  you.  Whoever 

sfn^xyaxa^'n     ants     la'^qat,    ^^1    hiya'tsisutnE.       Hu'tctuxtci." 

wanted  it  that  feather,        so       it  would  be  put  Play  shall  you." 

on  (by   him). 

"1    wan    hitsi'xam    ants    la^'qat.      H^yatsftsun    ants    la^'qat 

And    now  is  put  on  that         feather.  (One)  would  that        feather 

put  it  on 

"1   txii    kwa'h"nt.      "Kfk'it,   kumfntcin  si^n^xyun."     S^atsftc 

and    just       he  lowers  "Heavy  not  I  want  it."  Thus 

his  head.  (it  is) 

lo  waa'      ants      hitsl'xamlmE.        Lhali'txa^'nE      ants      s^a'tsa 

would  he  it  was  put  on.  Is  continually  he  who  thus 

say  (whom)  shouted  at 

xnl'^^na.        ^^1     waha'ha^^n     h'yatsi'tsQn     h'ya'q^,     waha'hun 

does  (it).         Then  again  is  putting  it  on       Wild-Cat,  again 


12 

succeeded  in  walking  a  little  ways;  but  it  was  too  heavy. 
"It  does  not  fit  you."  Thus  she  was  told.  Then  Bear 
put  it  on,  and  began  to  run;  but  he  only  climbed  a  tree. 
Then  he  was  told  thus  :  "  It  does  not  look  nice  on  you." 
So  he  slid  down  again,  coming  back  along  the  creek. 
And  when  he  came  back,  (he  was  told,)  "It  does  not  fit 
you."  Then  another  person  put  it  on.  Wolf  put  it  on 
and  started  out.  He  went  up  a  hill,  but  ran  down  quickly. 
And  when  he  came  back,  he  said,  "How  can  any  one 
travel    (with    that  thing  on)  in  a  rough  place?"     Thus  he 

h^yatsi^sun.     ^l  txu  xyal-xfsk'in  qa'tc'nt  qa'ha^ntc.     Ki'k'it 

lie  is  putting  it      Then  just       almost  a  little        he  goes  far  off.  Heavy 

on. 

yux".       "Kumfntc     hi^^sa    natc."  ^       Atsftc    waa^xam    ants 

too.  "Not  good        on  me."'  Thus  is   told  that 

hltc.^      "1     waha^hun     t!lya^^    h'yatsftsun.       "1    Lxati't    ants 

man.  Then  again  Rear        is  putting  it  on.       And  is  running     that 

tli.      "1:     txu    xal^nt    qa^xuntc    Iqatuwiyu'stc.       Ci'n'xyat!ya 

liear.      And     just       he  climbs  up   to  tree   to.  Thinks  continual!}- 

5   ants    m^^a'tl.      Atsftc    waa'xam.      "Kumi'ntc    hr'sa  ni'xHc." 

that         chief.  Thus  he  is  told.  "Not  good      thee  on."' 

"J    SLoxu'x"    xwiLla^Ll,    qanistcftc    txu    sloxu^x"    inqla'ltcix. 

So       he  slides  lie  returns,  downwards         just       he  slides         cieek  to  along. 

"1     xwiLla'iJ.       "Kumi'ntc     hr'sa     ni'x^tc."       "1     waha'ha^Mi 

Then  he  came  Ijack  "Not  good  thee  on."        Then  again 

haya'na     h'yatsftsun.       0!a^xa"xt    h'yatsftsun    "1    qa'tc'nt. 

different  is  putting  it  on.  Wolf  is  putting  it  on     and         goes, 

(man) 

Oa'xuntc    txu    qa^tc'nt    cko'tcftc.      "1    qanistci'tc    xwiLla'Ll 

Upwards  just  he  goes  hill  like.         Then      down  like  he  returns 

lo  Lxatft.      "J    tci'n  "1  waa',   "Nfctci  tEx  xfntmis  hitc  mlk!a°', 

he  runs.  So       he      and     says,  "How  (I)  travels       person     bad  in, 

returns  wonder      always 

'  Ought  to  be  tti'x"tc  on  thee,  obj.  per.   pronoun  for  2d  per.  sing. 

'-  As  told  in  the  Siuslaw  language,  this  Alsea  myth  loses  many  of  its  salient 
points.  In  the  original  version  the  different  people  are  told  to  try  on  a  pair  of 
elk-antlers;  and,  if  the  antlers  do  not  fit  a  person,  that  person  is  changed  into  an 
animal,  and  the  name  given  to  it  is  indicative  of  some  characteristic  motion  per- 
formed  l)y   that   person   in    the   endeavor  to  keep   on   the  antlers. 


13 

said,  as  he  took  it  off.  So  he  was  told  thus:  "You  shall 
be  nothing".  Wolf  shall  be  your  name,  you  shall  always 
travel  in  the  mountains."  Then  Cougar  was  told  to  put 
it  on.  He  put  it  on,  raised  his  head,  but  lowered  it 
frequently.  "Hey!  it  does  not  fit  you.  Cougar  shall  be 
your  name.  It  does  not  look  nice  on  you.  You  shall 
just   walk   around  everywhere,   trying   to   look  for  food." 

Next  Deer  put  it  on,  and  began  to  run  around  in  all 
directions.  "It  looks  very  nice  on  you.  Deer  shall  be 
your  name.  People  will  always  eat  (your  meat)."  Finally 
Elk    put    on   that  feather.      People  were  shouting,   as  that 

iJaya'?"      S'^atsi'tc    waa',    "1    wan    aqa'qa""n.       "I    s^atsi'tc 

place   in?"  Thus  he  says,    and    finally      he  takes  it  off.        Then         thus 

waa^xam :    "Kumfntc'nx  tE'q,   q!a'xa^xtlnx  lin,  cko'tcftc^nx 

he  is  told:  "Not  thou  some-  Wolf  thy         name,  mountains  in  thou 

thing, 

xfntmis     Inat."      H     waa^^xam     ants     li'tc^t.        Waha'ha^'n 

travel    wilt      always."      Then  is  told  that         Cougar.  Again 

hya'tc't    h^yatsftsun.      "1    wan    hiyatsi'tsun    4  txu  tca^'k'at, 

Cougar         is  putting  it  on.     Then     now         he  is  putting     and   just     he  raises  his 

it  on  head, 

c   "1   kwah^'na't.'ist.      "He,   kumfntc  hp'sa  niVtc.     Txu  h'tc^t 

but     begins  to  lower  "Hey,  not  good       thee  on.  Just      Cougar 

it  frequently. 

h^nlnx.       "I    wan    kumfntc    hi^^sa    nfx^tc.      Txu^nx    klexu^ 

name  thy.      And     now  not  good         thee   on.  Just   thou       each  on 

iJaya'  xfntmls.      Ya^xatc'ist^nx  ht!aya^" 

place  on    travel  shalt       (Wilt)  try  to  begin  to         food." 
always.  look  for,  thou 

4    waha^ha"n    hiyatsi'tsun    tsa^sqin.      Lxa^tatc'ist   klexu'tc 

Then         again  is  putting  it  on  Deer.  Begins  to  try         each  to 

to  run 

L!aya'tc  ants  tsi'sqan.      "Tsfklya  hp'sa  ni'x^tc.     Tsfsqninx 

place  to        that  Deer.  "Very  good      thee   on.  Deer  thy 

lo  hn.    H'ya^tc'^nx  h^t!isuts  txO."    "1  wan  waha^ha^n  hiyatsftsun 

name.      People   thee         eat  will       just."    Then  finally  again  is   putting  it  on 

always 

Limna^'q    ants    la^'qat.      Hali'tx    hitcu'".      Klexu'tc    Llaya'tc 

Elk  that  feather.  Shout  (pi.)       people.  Each   to  place   to 


14 

Elk  began  to  run  about  in  all  directions.  Even  on  bad 
places  he  succeeded  in  running.  People  shouted  at  him, 
"It  looks  very  nice  on  you!"  Then  the  chief  said,  "It 
hts  you  very  well.  You  shall  always  carry  it.  Your 
name  shall  be  Elk.''  He  was  not  merely  standing  (still), 
he  kept  on  walking  in  all  directions.  "Elk  shall  be  your 
name.      People  will  always  eat  (your  meat)." 

Now    here    the    story    ends.      People    kept  on  shouting. 
'Tis  the  end. 

2.  The  Death  of  Grizzly  Bear  {A  I  sea). 
(It  happened)  long  ago.      The  world  was  very  bad  long 
Lxa'tatc'ist    ants    Limna'^q.      Wa''    mfk.'a"  Llaya'  "}  Lxata''. 

begins  to  try        that  Elk.  Even  bad  on      place  on  still     he  runs, 

to  run 

Lhah'su'nE.      "Tsi'k.'ya  hr^sa  nfx^tc."     "}  waa^  ants  m^a^tl, 

He  is  continually  "Very  good       thee  on."     Then    says       that  chief, 

shouted  at. 

"Tsfklya    hl^'sa    nfx^tc.      Qnfxts^nx    xfntmisun.      Limna'- 

"Very  good         thee  on.  Thou  carry  it  shalt  Elk 

always. 

'qa^nx    h'niti."      Kumi'ntc    txu  skwaha^',      Klexu'tc  LJaya^tc 

thy  name."  Not  just       he  stands.  Each  to  place  to 

qa'tc'natlya.      "Limna^'qa^nx  hn.      H'ya^tc'^nx  ii'tllsuts." 

he  goes  frequently.  "Elk  thy      name.         People  thee       eat  always  will." 

Sqa'k  wan  hawa'^      Halftx  hitcu^".      Smit'u''  wan. 

There     finally      it  ends.         Shout  (pi.)      people.  It  ends       finally. 

2.   The  Death  of  Grizzly  Bear  '   (A /sea). 


—/ 


Wa^nwits.       Tsfk.'ya     mi'kla     wa'nwits     iJa^'".       K!exu 

Long  ago.  Very  bad  long  ago  world.  Each  on 


'  An  Alsea  myth  told  by  William  Smith  in  the  Lower  Umpqua  language.  Grizzly 
Bear  seems  to  have  been  looked  upon  as  a  very  dangerous  animal  by  many  of  the 
Northwest  Pacific  coast  tribes.  In  their  mythologies  he  either  meets  with  utter 
destruction  or  is  made  the  scapegoat  of  the  tricks  of  some  other  animal  (see  Leo 
J.  Frachtenberg,  Coos  Tales,  in  Columbia  University  Contributions  to  Anthropology, 
\'ol.    1,   p.   90:   Edward   Sajiir,  Takelma  Texts,  in  University  of  Pennsylvania  Anthro- 


15 

ago.  Everywhere  it  was  so,  and  this  was  the  cause  of  it : 
A  bad  person  was  devouring-  (the  people).  Grizzly  Bear 
was  devourinof  them  longr  ag-o.  Whenever  a  man  went 
out  hunting,  Grizzly  Bear  would  kill  and  devour  him.  Many 
people  were  sorry  because  of  that.  So  they  came  together 
and  tried  to  find  some  remedy.  (They  all  agreed)  that 
Grizzly  Bear  must  be  killed.  That's  why  they  came  together. 
And  the  chiefs  of  that  region  said,  "We  are  very  sorry. 
How    can    we    kill    him  ?     He    cannot  be  killed  by  means 

Llaya'     H     s^a^t^  ^     L!a^^'.       S^a^tsa     hf  q!aq!yax     wa^nwits. 

place  on     then      such  world.  Thus  it  started  long  ago. 

M^ya'k!a     h^ya'tc     l't!a'ynn.       Swal  ^     t'tla'yun     hitc     L.'a'^' 

Bad  person  devoured  Grizzly  devoured         people     many 

(them). 

wa'nwits.       Hitc     p^a^Yn    qatc^na^^,    "1    s^as    Lixmafyus    "1 

long  ago.  Man  to  hunt  goes,  then      he  would  kill       and 

him 

htli'yus.       Ya-'^'xai    hitc     plna^tx    ha^^    s^a^'na.       "1    tEmu'tx 

would  devour         Many  people     sorry  their     hearts      for  that.  So       assemble 

him.  (pl-) 

-   hltcu^".      Sin'xyu'"    xaLlaYiltx.^      Tsim    xawa'a^.      A^tsa    "1 

people.  Desire  (pi.)         be  made  his.  Always       killed  he  That's  why 

shall  be. 

wan    tEmu^x    hitcu'".     "1    waa'^tx    wan    matiyu'^^    tE    L!a^^'. 

now        assemble  people.        Then      say  re-         now  chiefs  (of)     region, 

(pi.)  peatedly  this 

"Pla^ntxan     ha''     tsfklya.       Nfctcanl     tEx    xawaYm?      "1 

"Sorry  our         hearts  very.  How  we  doubt         kill  him?  For 

(excl.)  (inch) 

kumf  ntc    xa^wil    tsiLlf  tc.      A^tsan    "In  *    kumi^ntc    si'n'xyun 

not  die  neg-      arrow  with.  That's         why  not  want  it 

ative  I 

pological  Publications,  Vol.  II,  No.  i,  p.  123).  Similar  tales  are  also  recorded  among 
the  Alsea  and  Molala.  —  Grammatical  notes  to  this  story  are  given  in  the  texts 
accompanying  my  Lower  Umpqua,  an  Illustrative  Sketch  (Handbook  of  American 
Indian  Languages,  Vol.   II). 

'  The  obscure  vowel  has  been  inserted  here  for  reasons  of  a  physiological  nature. 

-  Compare  Coos  jwaf,  and  Alsea  sni/i. 

'  Literally,    many    desire    (that)    his    habit    (of    killing   people)   shall   f.e 

STOPPED. 

■*   Singular  instead   of  plural.      Should  have   been   a'fsanxa/i   "hi.yaii. 


i6 

(jt  ail  arrow  :  hence  we  do  not  want  to  kill  him  with  an 
arrow."  Ihen  fmally  some  one  su<^gested  to  go  and  see 
how  Grizzl)'  lived,  and  to  invite  him  (to  come  here).  So 
some  one  went  to  look  for  him.  And  (the  messenger) 
who  arrived  there  (said  to  Grizzly  Bear),  "You,  too,  are 
invited  to  come  to  the  playgrounds ;"'  but  ( irizzly  was  not 
willing.  So'  the  man  went  back,  and  upon  returning 
related  thus:  "He  does  not  want  to  come."  Jhus  the 
man  related.  Lots  of  fun  had  the  people  who  had  come 
together.  And  the  man  who  w^as  to  go  (again)  was  told 
thus:  "We  won't  give  up.  When  he  is  dead,  then  we 
wull  give  up."     Thus  it  was  repeatedly  claimed. 

Then    finally    a    man    was   told  to  go  (again).      A   very 

tsiLli^tc    Llxmaya^a"."      "1    wan    waa'tx    hitcu^"    klink'ya^a" 

arrow  with      killed  he  shall  Then  finally      say  (pi.)         people       they  will  go  and 

be."  see  (fut.  pass.) 

ni'ctca    tE    ta.\      S'^a'tsa    tu'na'a^\      H    wan    qa^tc'ntx    k!in- 

how  this    lives.  Thus  he  will  be       Then  finally        go  (pi.)       to  look 

invited. 

k't'u''^'.      "1    wan    L!iL!wa'xam.^      Liu^un.       "K!aha'yO'nanx, 

for  him.         Then    now       he  is  approached.      He  got  there.  "Invited   art   thou, 

aktwa'wanx    hutcu^^'stc    Llaya^tc."      Kumfntc    a'mhatc    ha'. 

also  about  to,  thou      fun   to  (of)  place   to."  Not  willing  his     mind. 

5   "1  tca'xa^t  "I  tci'n  ants  hitc.    "}  s^atsl'tc  L!wa-'^n  :   "  Kumi'ntc 

So    goes  back    and    goes       that       man.      And        thus  relates:  "Not 

home 

a'mhatc    ha'."     S^atsftc   Llwa^n  ants  hitc.      Ya^'xa'  hutcu'" 

willing  his     mind."  Thus  relates         that        man.  Much  fun 

Lla"''^'     ants     tEmu""'^'.       "1     waa'xam     ants    s'-a    qa'tc'ntux. 

they  (of)     that  assembly.  Then  is   told  that         wlio  go   will. 

"Kumfntcinl     ana'xyun.       Ats     xa'utux.     "hil     ana'xyun," 

"Not  we  give  it  up  will.  When     he  die  will     then  we  give  it  up  will." 

Atsl'tc  L!oni'txa"'nE. 

Thus        it   is   frequently   said. 

lo        u}    ^v>y^    iJoxa'xam    waa'xam    ants    hitc.      S"kwi'tc  tsinq!t 

Then  finally         is  sent  is  told  (to  go)       that         man.  Very  poor   is 

'    Nanielv,   (irizzlv    I'ear. 


17 

poor  man  it  was  who  was  sent.  "Speak  to  him  kindly, 
don't  tell  him  anything  bad.  Tell  him  thus :  'We  want 
you  to  come  here.  We  are  going  to  have  lots  of  fun.' 
Thus  you  shall  tell  him.  Don't  tell  him  (anything)  bad. 
He  is  shrewd  and  very  bad."  Finally  that  man  went, 
thinking  (a  great  deal)  in  his  mind,  for  he  was  very  much 
afraid.  (And  when  he  came  to  Grizzly  Bear,  he  said,)  "I 
come  here  as  a  messenger."  (He  then  told  Grizzly  Bear 
his  mission  and  departed.  Not  long  afterwards  Grizzly's 
friends  visited  him,  inquiring  of  the  messenger's  mission.) 
One  of  them  said,  "What  did  the  (man)  who  came  here 
say    to    you  ?"   —    "  He    said    nothing.      I    was    simply   told 

ants  hitc  Lloxa^xam.     "Hp'sanx  Llwa^nisOn.    Kwi^nx  nictcl^tc 

that      man  is  sent.  "Well  thou      keep  on  telling      Not  thou      what  like 

(who)  him. 

Llwa^nisun   mi'kla'na.     Llwa^nlsunanx  s'''atsi'tc.     Si'nixyunan- 

keep  on  telling  badly.  Keep  on   telling  thus.  Want  him 

him  him  thou 

xan      Lfutux      tiu^ts.        Tsi'k!yanxan      sfn^xyun     hutca^a^. 

we  come  shall  here.  Very  we  want  it  fun  shall  be 

(had). 

Atsftc'^^nx      Llwa^nlsun.         Kwfnx      L!wa^nisun      mfkla'na. 

Thus  thou  keep  on  telling  Not  thou        keep   on  telling  badly, 

him.  him 

5   Ya^'xa^tc  ha^',^  tsfklya  mfk.'a."     H  wan   qa'tc'nt  ants  hitc. 

Much  his         mind,         very  bad."  So  finally  goes  that      man. 

Ha^tcftc  cfn'xyat!ya  ants  hitc.     Winx  tsi^k!ya.     "L!°wa'xan 

His  mind     thinks  repeatedly    that      man.        He  fears         very.  "Messenger  I 

kind  of 

ta^kin     Liu'."      "J     wan     wilwa^',     "  Nictci'tc'^nx    wa^'yaxa^ts 

this  I        come."        Then     now        he  affirms,  "What   thee  told  you  he-thee 

ants     LiYiyax  ?"  "    —     "  Kumi'ntc     nictci'tc     wa'a^L       Txun 

that  (who)     came?"  ■ —  "Not  anything     he  says  (neg.).      Just  I 

Llona'yutnE    s'^atsi'tc :    'Klaha'yu'nin.'     Atsi'tcin    Llona'yuts. 

am  told  thus :  'Invited  am  1.'  Thus  me  tells  he-me. 

•   "He  is  foxy." 

'-  Here  the  narrator  has  lost  the  trend  of  his  story.  Upon  the  departure  of  the 
messenger,  Grizzly  is  evidently  asked  by  some  friends  as  to  his  mission,  whereupon 
he  gives  the  answer  that  follows. 

2 COL.    UNIV.    CONTRIB.    ANTHROP.    —    VOL.    IV. 


i8 

(that)  I  am  invited  (to  some  games).  Thus  he  told  me : 
'People  want  you  to  come  very  much.  That's  why  I 
came  here  as  a  messenger.'"  (After  a  while  another 
messenger  was  sent  to  Grizzly  Bear,  requesting  him  to 
come  at  once.)  Then  (Grizzly  Bear)  said  thus :  "  Will 
anything  be  given  to  me  if  I  come  r"  —  "  Nothing  was 
said  (about  that).  People  are  just  playing,  and  that's 
why  you  are  invited  to  come."  —  "You  tell  them  thus: 
'He  wants  something.  If  something  be  given  to  him, 
then  he  will  come.'     Thus  he  tells  you." 

(The    messenger    related    Grizzly    Bear's    words    to    his 
people.)     And    one   man    said    thus:    "He  is  shrewd.      He 

'Tsi\!yanx    sfn^xyun    Llwa'wax.      S'^atsftcin    L.'^wax    ta'kin 

^Very   they  want  it         intend  to  come  Thus  I  messenger      this  I 

(thou). 

Liu^'"     S'^atsi'tc    waa^'.^      "TE^'qin   waxa"'mE  ta^kin  k!aha'- 

come.' "  Thus  he  says.  "Some-  be  given  this  I  am 

tiling   I 

yu'nE?"  —   "Kumi^ntc  nictcftc  wa^'a'^tnE.     Txu  wan  hutcu^" 

invited?"       —  "Not  anything  is  said.  Just        now      play   (pi.) 

L!a^^'.      S'^a^tsa    tanx    sfn^xyutnE    Li^utux."  —   " S'^atsf tc'^nx 

many.  Thus        this  thou       art  wanted        come  shall."    —  "Thus  thou 

Llwa^nis :  "    'Si^nxit    taqa^^na.      Ats    tE'q    waxa^yExayim,'^    H 

tell  contin-  'He  wants      something.        When     some-  he  be  given,  then 

ually :  thing 

wan  LiYitux.'      S'^atsftc^nx  waa^yuts." 

finally  he  come  will.'         Thus  thee  tells  he-thee." 

"1    s^^atsl'tc    waa'    ants    al^q    hltc.^      "Txu   ya^'xa'tc  hai\^ 

Then       thus  says  that  one         man.  "Just         much   his        mind. 

S^atsi'tc    si'n^xya,    ni^ctcim    s'^as    kl^xa^yun    tE    hitc.       A'tsa 

Thus  he  desires,         because  he  kills  these  people.         That's 

'  The    narrator  lost  again  the  trend  of  the  story.     The  messenger  has  evidently 
once  more  approached  Grizzly  Bear,  from  whom  he  receives  the  reply   that  follows. 

2  These  are  the  instructions  given  by  Grizzly  Bear  to  the  messenger, 

3  Probably  mis-heard  for  wa'x^yaxa^viE. 

*  The   messenger  has  now  returned,  giving  the  following  account  of  his  visit  to 
Grizzly  Bear. 

5  That  is,   "he   is  shrewd." 


19 

thinks  so,  because  he  has  killed  the  people.  That's  why 
he  is  shrewd."  Thus  said  that  man  (messenger).  "He 
was  (evidently)  told  (by  some  of  his  friends)  that  a  dance 
would  be  arranged  for  him  in  order  to  change  his  (mean) 
disposition,  and  that  everybody  hates  him.  That's  why 
he  replied,  that,  if  something  were  given  to  him,  he  would 
come.     Thus  he  told  me." 

Then  the  messenger  went  again.  "You  tell  him  thus: 
'A  knife  will  be  given  to  you.'  Thus  tell  him.  'You 
shall  start  right  away,  you  are  invited.  Many  people  are 
playing  (there),  and  it  is  desirable  that  you  should  come.' 
Thus  you  tell  him."  That  man  who  was  about  to  be 
sent    kept    on    thinking,    "I    will    speak    to    him.      I  know 


"t     ya^xaitc     hai\"  ^       Atsftc     waa'  ants  hitc :      "Atsi'tc 

why      much  his        mind."  Thus  says  that  man:  "Thus 

waa'xam :     'MEq!e4iaV^       Huya^ultx  ha^'.  Tsf  k!ya    plan- 
he  is  told :         'A  dance  will  be          Changed  (will  mind, 
arranged  for  him.                be)  his 

ya^^t!yun    ha^tc' "     S^atsftc  waa^'. 


Very 


him  is  con- 
tinually 


id  hi 


Thus  he  says. 

S^atsi'tcin  wa^'a^ts." 

then  he  will  come.      Thus  me  tells  he-me." 

"1  wan  qa^tc'nt  ants  hitc  waha". 

Then  now         starts  that       man        again. 


sorry 
for 

Ats  tE'q  wa^x^yaxa^mE 

If      some-      be  given  to  him 
thing  (conditional) 


"  S^atsi^tc'^^nx  waVsun. 

"Thus  thou 


tell  him 
repeatedly. 

Atsftcinx  Llona^yun.      'Lfmqanx 

Thus  thou  tell  him.        'Right  away  thou 

Hotcu^^^    Lla'^i  ya^'xai.      Si^n^x- 

Play  (pi.)         they  many.  Wanted 

yu'nanx  Lfutux.'      Atsftc'^nx  Llona^yun."      Cfn'xyat!ya  ants 

art  thou       come  shall.'  Thus  thou  tell  him."  Thinks  continually  that 

hitc     L!oxaV\      "Qna^han     waa^yun.        Llxu^yun     qna'han 

man         sent  will  be,  "I  say   to  him.  Know  it  I 

(who) 


'Waxa'yimanx  qani^nat' 

'Is  given   to   thee  knife.' 

qa'tc^ntux,    k!aha^yu'nanx. 

start  shalt,  invited  art  thou. 


1  That  is,  "he  is  shrewd." 

2  That  is,  "everybody  hates  him." 


20 


what  to  tell  him,  so  that  he  will  start  ri<rht  away."  Then 
the  messenger  started  out.  "I  will  speak  to  hini,  and  he 
will  start  right  away."  Thus  he  was  thinking  as  he  went 
along.  I'inally  he  came  to  (Grizzly  Bear).  "  A  messenger 
I  come.  You  are  wanted  very  much.  Pretty  soon  the 
games  will  come  to  an  end,  and  that's  why  I  was  told 
(to  come  here).  You  are  my  relative.  Why  don't  you 
want  (to  go)?"  And  (Grizzly  Bear)  answered  him  thus: 
"1  am  wise.  That's  why  I  don't  want  (to  go).  It  seems 
to  me  that  I  am  only  wanted  for  the  purpose  of  being 
killed.  That's  why  I  am  wise."  —  "Not  so,  they  want 
you  to  see  (the  fun).      For  that  purpose  you   are  wanted. 


nictcl'tc    waa'yun,    "J    hl'nakl^  qa^tc^ntux."     "}  wan  qa'tc^nt 

what  say  to  him,     and  right  away       he  go  will."         Then  now  starts 

ants     hitc.        "Ona'han     waa'yOn     "1     hi'nak!'     qa'tc'ntux." 

that  man.  "I  say   to   him,     and     right  away  he  go  will." 

Atsftc    cfn'xyatlya    ants    hitc.       H    xint    "1    Liu".      LiuYm. 

Thus  thinks  contin-       that  man.  So        he       and    arrives.      He  arrives 

goes  at  him. 

Tsfklyanx    sfn'xyu'nE    Llwa^vax. 

Very   thou  (^I't)   wanted      to  come  intend. 

smO^t'^^tOx     ants     iJa^^'     hutcu''^^'. 

end   will  that  big  fun. 


ually 

"Ll^wa'xan    ta'k'n    liu'. 

"Messenger  I         this   I         come, 


5   Ku^     ya'tsac      L.'a'^' 

Pretty   nearly 

Atsi'tc'n    waa'yutnE. 

Thus  I  am  told. 

ku'     a'mhaiti    ha^^  ?" 

not        willing  (thy)     mind?" 


u} 

and 

Na'mEjinx    tE'q. 

My  thou  relative 

(art). 

Atsftc    waa^a^n. 

Thus  he  says  to 

him. 


S'^a^tsan     tE     kumi^ntc    a'mha^'ti    ha'\ 

not  willing  mind. 


That's  whv 
I 


Nictci^tcanx    tanx 

What  manner  this 

thou  thou 

"Ya^'xa'txan    ha'\ 

"Much  I   (think        mind, 
in  my) 

Txun    k"na    xa'wa 

Just  I      perhaps      to  die 


this             not  willing 

one  (niy) 

si'nixyutnE.       S'-a'tsan  "t'n     ya^xa^t!     ha*\''    —    "Kumfntc 

am  wanted.                  That's  why   I    much  (think    mind."      —                "Not 

in   my) 

lo  s'^atsftc,     txunx    ya'xa  si'n'xyOtnE.      S'^a'tsanx    tE    k!aha^- 

thus,            just  thou       to  see  (art)  wanted.              Thus  thou       this          (art) 


21 

Their  intentions  towards  you  are  good.  A  present  will 
be  given  to  you.  For  that  reason  you  are  invited.  You 
are  my  relative,  so  I  (came  to)  fetch  you.  That's  why  I 
came  quickly.  A  knife  will  be  given  to  you,  because  you 
are  invited.  I  came  right  away,  because  you  are  my 
relative.  The  reason  why  I  came  to  you  is  because  I 
want  you  to  have  some  fun.  That's  why  I  came  to  you. 
I  don't  think  that  anything  bad  will  happen  to  you. 
That's  why  I  was  sent."  —  "Yes,  you  are  a  bad  man. 
They  want  to  kill  me,  that's  why  I  don't  want  (to  go)."  — 
"I  don't  think  (it  will  be)  thus.      (Not)  for  that  purpose  I 

yu'nE.       Txunx     wan     hr'sa     hawa^yimE    ha^.^      TE^'q'^nx 

invited.  Just  thou        now  well  it  is  made  mind.  Something 

thee 

waxa^^'mE.       S'^a'tsanx     tE     klaha'yu'nE.      Na^m'-llnx     tE'q, 

it  is  given   to.  Thus  thou  this  (^rt)  invited.  My   thou  relative 

one  (^''Oi 

s'^a'tsanx    tanx    I'kwa'yuts    qna.      Si^atsftcin    ta^kin    Li^mqa 

that's  why      this  one     fetch   I-thee  I.  That's  why  I      this  one         quickly 

thee  thee  I 

Llu^      Oanfnal    waxa"^manx.     S'^a^tsanx    tanx    klaha^yu'uE, 

come.  Knife  is  given   to  thee.  That's  why  this  (art)  invited, 

thou  thou 

5   s^a^tsa    ta^kin    l!u^    nfctcim'^nx    na^m^l   tE'q.      S'^^a^tsanx  tE 

thus  this  I       come,       because  thou  me  of       relative        That's  why    this 

(art).  thee  one 

Liu'uts    qna,     Sfn^xyutsanx    qna    hutca^vax.      S'^a^tsanx    tE 

come  to  I.  Want  I-thee  I         to  play  intend.  Thus  thee       this 

I-thee  one 

iJfLlututs.      S^atsftcln    ha'\    kumfntc    k"na    tE'q    ml'k!a'na 

come  to  I-thee.  Thus  my         mind,  not  perhaps     some-  badly 

thing 

ni'xHc.      A^tsan    tE    na    Lloxa^xam."  —   "Ha"^!     Tsfklyanx 

to  thee.  That's       this       I  am  sent."  —    "All  right !  Very  thou 

why  I 

ml^kla.       Llxma^yanxin     si^nixyuts.       S'^a'tsan    ku'    a^mha'ti 

bad.  (To)  kill  they  me        want  he-me.         That's  why  I     not      willing  (my) 

lO  hai\"    —    "Kumfntc     k"na     s'^atsi'tc.      S'^a'tsan    ta'kin    na 

mind."       — ■  "Not  I  guess  thus.  That's  why  I       this  I         I 

'  That  is,   "they  have  good   intentions   towards  thee." 


22 

was  sent.  If  it  were  as  you  say,  I  should  not  have  been 
sent.  Will  you  go  now?"  —  "I  will  g-o.  You  will  have 
to  take  good  care  of  me."  Thus  (the  messenger)  told 
Grizzly  Bear,  "All  right!  I  don't  think  that  anything 
bad  will  happen  (to  you)  on  the  part  of  those  who  play 
(there)."  —  "All  right!  I  will  go.  I  don't  care  even  if 
I  die."  Thus  said  (Grizzly  Bear)  as  he  started.  "I  don't 
think  (it  will  be)  as  (bad  as  you  imagine).  Are  you  going?" 
Thus  said  (the  messenger)  to  him.  "I  very  much  desire 
that  you,  too,  should  be  present  at  the  games."  Finally 
(Grizzly  Bear)  said,  "I  will  go  now."  So  he  started.  And 
that  man  who  came  to  fetch  him  was  thinking  continually. 
He  was  thinking  thus. 

Lloxa^xam.       S'^atsi'tc    nats,    ku^    nats    na    Llo'x^yaxa^'nE.^ 

am  sent.  Thus  if,  not       (condi-       I  had  been   sent. 

tional) 

Oa'tc^ntunx    wan?"    —    "Oa'tcintuxan.      Hp'sanx  ma'nlsuts 

Go  wilt  thou  now?"        —  "Go  will  I.  Well  thou       take  care  of 

continually 
thou-me 

qnfxHs."    S^atsftc  waa'a^'n.    "Ha^M    Atsl'tcin  ha^'.   Kumi'ntc 

thou."  Thus         he  tells  him.  "All  right!     Thus  my      mind.  Not 

k"na    tE'q    mi'k!a'na    tE    hutcu'"    L!a'a'."    —    "Ha^,  qa'tchi- 

I  guess  something     badly  this  fun  hig-"  —     "All  right,  go 

5   tuxan    wan.      Kumf ntc    wan    tE'q,    xar/tuxan." "      S'^atsftc 

will  I        now.  Not  now  something,     die  will  I."  Thus 

waa',    "1   hfq!a't.      "Kumfntc  k"na  wan  s'^atsl'tc.      Oa'tc^n- 

he  says,    and       starts.  "Not  perhaps     now  thus.  Go 

tunx?"       Atsi'tc     waa'a"n.        "Ts!'k!yanx     qna     sfn'xyuts. 

wilt  thou?"  Thus  he  tells  him.  "Very  thee  I  like  I-thee. 

A'1-tutunx     hutcu^'stc."       Atsftc     waaTm.        "Qa'tc'ntuxan 

Also  shalt  thou  fun  to."  Thus  he  tells  him.  "Go  will  1 

wan."    4  wan  qa'tc^nt.    Cfn^xyat!ls  ants  hitc  ants  l'a'k"t!wi. 

now."      Then  finally     he  goes.     Keeps  on  thinking    that      man      that  fctchcr. 

lo  S^atsftc  cfn'xyat!is."' 

Thus       he  keeps  on  thinking. 

'  That  is,  "if  it  were  as  you  .say,  I  should  not  have  been  sent." 

2  That  is,   "I  don't  care,  even  if  I  should  die." 

3  The  narrator  failed  to  tell  the  thoughts  of  the  messenger. 


23 

They  two  kept  on  going  -,  and  when  they  were  almost 
there,  the  two  (chiefs)  were  told,  "They  two  are  coming. 
He  is  bringing  that  bad  man."  Everybody  was  glad. 
So  when  (Grizzly  Bear)  arrived,  people  assembled  about 
him.  "It  is  very  good  that  you  came,  O  friend!  We 
shall  have  a  great  deal  of  fun."  Thus  everybody  said. 
Many  people  assembled  (around  him).  Although  there 
were  many  of  them,  still  they  all  went  there  (to  Grizzly 
Bear),  calling  him  by  name,  and  shouting,  "It  is  very 
good  that  you  came.  We  shall  play  a  great  deal.  We 
two  shall  play."  —  "All  right!"  that  man  (Grizzly  Bear) 
would  say.  "You  shall  watch  (us).  You  sha'n't  sleep. 
We  shall  play  a  great  deal."    Thus  he  was  told  repeatedly. 

Oa^tcinta^x   wan.     Liwi'tc^^ax    wan 

Go      now  they     finally.     Approach  in  the     now 
two  manner  of  they  two 

waa^xam.       "Xumca^ca^^x    wan.      Hina^yun    wan    tE   mfk!a 

are  told.  "Approaching  are         now.  He  brings        now      this        bad 

they  two  him 

hitc."      Tc!ha^cya'xam    wan.       Wan    tci'n.      T!Emt!ma'xam 

man."  Gladness  was  felt  now.  Finally  he  comes.    He  is  assembled  about 

wan.       "Tsfk!yanx     his     tanx     Liu^     ts'ikmu't.       Hu'tctunl: 

now.  "Very  thou  good    this  thou  earnest  friend.  Play  will  we 

5   ya^'xa."      Atsl'tc    waa'    ants    hitc.      TEmu'tx    hitcu'^    ants 

muchly."  Thus  says  that        man.        Assemble  (pi.)     people   (of)  that 

L!a'^i.    Wai'  ya^xai  ants  hitc,  "1  ha^'mut  qa'tc'nt  sqa'ktci'tc 


xint. 

"la"x  1 

s^atsi^tc 

go. 

So  they 
two 

thus 

place. 

Even  if 

many        those  people,  still         all 

go  now      thereto  in  the 
manner  of 

ants 

L!a'^i. 

La^nlsutnE    ants    hitc. 

"Tsi^k!ya    his    tanx 

that 

multitude. 

Is  continually         that        man. 
called  bv  name 

Very             good        this 
thou 

Liu'.     Ya^'xanxan  hutcui'.    Hu'tctuns."  —  "  Ha^M"    Si^atsftc 

earnest.  Much  we  play.  Play  will  we  two." —  "All  right!"         Thus 

waa'    ants   hitc.      "  Ya^q^hltunx,    kwinx    a^'sls.     Ya^'xanxan 

says         that       man.  "Look  shalt  thou,       not  thou  sleep  always.      Much  we 

lO  hutcui'."      Atsl'tc    waa^'su'nE    ants    hitc.      Wa'nwits   ha'wa. 

play."  Thus       is  told  repeatedly     that       man.  Long  ago      it  is  ready. 

'  The  two  chiefs. 


24 

(Everything)  had  been  made  ready  long  before.  It  had 
been  decided  to  kill  him  with  pitch  during  his  sleep. 
Thus  it  was  agreed  upon.  "Friend,  don't  sleep,  we  two 
are  going  to  play.''  Thus  they  kept  on  telling  him. 
"That's  why  you  were  invited."  Thus  he  was  told. 
"The  i)eople  who  live  here  have  different  kinds  of  games. 
xAll  sorts  of  fun  you  will  witness.  That's  why  you  were 
invited.  We  are  well  disposed  (towards  you).  No  mishap 
will  befall  you."  Thus  he  was  told  repeatedly.  Whoever 
came  in  would  tell  him  thus:  "It  is  very  good  that  you 
came,  O  friend !  You  shall  see.  They  will  play  for  a 
long  time."  Then  he  would  be  told,  "That's  why  we 
invited  you.     There  is  going  to  be  a  great  deal  of  fun." 

Si'nixyu'nE   tslilna'tc  xawa'a",  a^^'stuxax.      Atsi'tc  ha'usimE. 

It   is  desired         pitch   with       he  killed         a  sleeper  he  Thus        it  was  agreed 

shall  be,  will  be.  upon. 

"Ts'ibmu't,    kwinx    a"'sls.      Hu'tctuns."      Atsi'tc  wa'aisu'nE. 

"Friend,  not  thou  sleep  con-      Play  shall  we  Thus  he  was  told 

tinually.  two."  continually. 

"S^^^atsa'nx  tanx  k.'aha'yOtnE."   S'-atsi'tc  waa^'sutnE.    "Ya^'xa^ 

"Thus  thou         this  (art)  invited."  Thus       he  is  repeatedly  "Many 

thou  told. 

iJa'-'^'     nictcamai'nat'O'^^'    ants    tiyu'^^i    hutcu'^'.       K!ix    tE'q 

many  different  (pi.)  (of)         inhabit-  games.  Each       some- 

those  ants  thing 

5   hutca'"    ^^hix   yixa'yun.      S^a'tsanx    tanx    klaha'yO'nE.     Tsl'- 

fun  thou  see  it.  Thus   thou     this  thou       (art)  invited.  Very 

klyanxan    hfsiti    ha^'.      Kumi'ntc    tE'q    mi'kla'na."      Atsftc 

we  good  is    heart.  Not  some-  badly."  Thus 

(our)  thing 

wa'a^su'nE.       Tci'nta"     hitc     Liwa^',     4    atsftc     waa'yOsnE. 

he  is  repeatedly  Whatever        person        came,         so  thus  he  would  be 

told.  (by   him)  told. 

"Tsl'klya    his    tanx    Liu',     ts'ikmu't.       Ya'q^^hitunx.       Wa^^ 

"Very  good  this  thou  earnest,  friend.  Look  at  it  shalt      .Mthough 

thou. 

ya'tsa  ants  L!a'=^\  H  s'-a'tsa  xnl'^^nis."    "J  s^'atsftc  wa'aisu'nE. 

long  time    that      multi-     still      thus       they  keep  on    Then       thus        he  is  repeatedly 
tude,  doing."  told. 

lo   " SVt.sanxan  klaha'yuts.      Ya^'xa'  hutcO'^^'." 

"That's  why  we        invite  thee  Much  fun." 

we-thee. 


25 

At  last  he  was  taken  to  the  playgrounds.  A  fire 
was  started  in  the  house,  which,  although  very  large,  was 
nevertheless  full  of  people.  Grizzly  Bear  was  looking  there. 
"Here  we  are  playing,  those  who  have  invited  you."  He 
was  seated  near  the  fire,  which  consisted  of  pitch.  "It 
seems  to  me  I  see  (too)  many  people."  Thus  Grizzly  Bear 
was  thinking.  The  fire  in  the  house  kept  on  burning. 
"Don't  be  sleeping,  O  friend!  (Not)  for  that  purpose  we 
asked  you  to  come  (here)."  —  "All  right!  I  am  glad. 
I  intend  to  watch  the  fun."  Thus  Grizzly  Bear  was  saying, 
seated    close    to    the    fire.      He    was    constantly    watched. 


Wan    hlna'a^i  ^    tcik    ants   hutcu'^i  L!a''^i.     Sqa'k  hlna'a".^ 

Finally       he   taken         where      that  fun  great.  There        he   taken 

will  be  will  be. 

Ma'kcu'nE    ants    hitsi''.      Wa^'    yikt    ants    hitsl'^,    ''I    ta'qnis 

A   fire  is  that         house.       Although     liig         that  house,       still        full 

started  in 

hitu'stc.      Stim    ya'q^ha^t    ants    hitc.       "Ti'k^nxan    ta'nxan 

people  with.        There        looks   now  that        man.  "Here   we  these   we 

hutcfi',    ta'nxan    k!aha'yuts    qna."      Ha^'qmas    ti'xam    Liya'- 

play,  these  we  invite  thee  I."  Alongside  of         he  is  fire 

(who)  we-thee  seated 

watc.      Q!a'il    ants    Llya'a".       "Ya'xa^wltc    Lla'^i    hitc    ya'- 

to.  Pitch  that  fire.  "Many  kind  of        many      people     look 

q^ha^tun."     Atsftc    ci'n'xyatlls    ants    hitc.     Ma'ltcu'nE    ants 

at  (them)  now  I."      Thus      continually  keeps     that        man.        A  fire  is  built  in      that 
on  thinking 

hitsi'^      "Kwinx    a"si's   ts'ikmu't.     Atsftc  ta'nxan  waa'yuts 

house.  "Not  thou     continu-  friend.  Thus  these  we       say  to  thee 

ally  sleep,  we-thee 

qna    Liwa'wanx."    —    "Ha"!     tsi'k!yan    hi'siti    ha^       Yaq»- 

I  to  come  intend       —      "All  right!  very   I  good  is      mind.      (To)  look 

thou."  (my) 

ya'waxan     hutcu'"stc     L!aya."       Atsi'tc     wa'a^s     ants     hitc. 

intend  I  fun  at  great."  Thus         says  con-       that         man. 

tinually 

'  The    narrator  erroneously  used  the  future  passive.     The  present  passive  /iJna'- 
xam  would  have  been  more  proper. 


26 

(After  a  while)  he  began  to  feel  sleepy.  Then  people  kept 
on  approaching  him,  (saying,)  "Don't  sleep,  look  on  !  That's 
why  we  invited  you.  Don't  sleep,  look  on  !  (Not)  for  that 
purpose  were  you  invited.  We  abandoned  all  our  hatred." 
(Again)  he  began  to  feel  sleepy,  (Again)  he  was  constantly 
watched.  The  pitch  with  which  he  was  going  to  be  killed 
was  made  ready,  while  many  dancers  approached  him, 
(saying,)  "Move  away  from  the  fire,  you  may  get  burned, 
O  friend!"  Thus  they  were  telling  him.  "Don't  sleep, 
O  friend!"  —  "I  feel  sleepy."  People  were  dancing,  while 
he  (began  to)  fall  asleep.  "Move  away  from  the  fire, 
you    may   get  burned !"     Everybody  was  glad  because  he 

Ha^'qmas    tfxam  LlyaVa.      Ya^q'^hlsu^nE.      Wusya^a'st  ants 

Close  by  he  is  fire.  He   is  continually  Begins  to  feel      that 

seated  watched.  sleepy 

mfk!a  hitc.     L!lL!wfsutnE  wan.     "Kwinx  a"'sls,  ya^q^hls'^nx. 

bad  man.        He   is  continually     now.  "Not   thou    continu-  look  always  thou, 

approached  ally  sleep, 

A'tsanxan     ta'nxan     waa^yuts    LlwaVanx.        Kwinx    a"^sls. 

That's  why  we      these  we         say  to  thee     (to)  come  intend  Not  thou        sleep 

we-thee  thou.  always, 

ya^q^hls^nx.     Atsl'tc  tanx  klaha'yu'nE.     Hi'^s^nxan  hawa''tx 

watch  always  thou.     For  that  this  thou     (art)  invited.  Good  we  make  our 

5ha^\"^     Wusya'a'st  ants  mfck'la'.    Ya^q^hisu'nE.     Ha'usImE 

heart."  Begins  to   feel        that        bad  thing.  He   is  constantly       Is  made  ready 

sleepy  watched.  for  him 

ants    ts!ahi.      S'a'na'tc    xawa'a^^      Ll'wisu'nE    ants    mEq!yri'" 

that         pitch.  That  with         killed  he        He  is  approached  those  dancers 

will  be.  frequently  (by) 

L!a'^^       "  Ha^'qa^tcya  ^     ts'ikmu't !       Miltci'xminx."       Atsi'tc 

many.  "Shore-like  from  friend!  Mayst  get  burned  thou."  Thus 

wa'a^su'nE.       "Kwinx    a^'sls    ts'ikmu't."  —   " Wusya'a'stin." 

he  is  constantly        "Not  thou         sleep  friend."  —      "Begin  to  feel  sleepy 

told.  constantly  I." 

MEq!yu'"     L!a'^i.       A<si's.        "Ha'^qa^tcya,-     mihci'xmlnx." 

Dance  (pi.)  many.  He  is  "Shore-like  from,  mayst  get  burned 

sleeping.  thou." 

1  That  is,  "we  abandoned  all  our  hatred." 

2  That  is,   "move  away  from  the  fire!" 


27 

was  going  to  be  killed.  At  last  he  began  to  sleep. 
Thus  he  was  told,  as  he  was  repeatedly  shaken.  "Move 
away  from  the  fire,  you  may  get  burned!"  He  did  not 
move.  So  then  the  boiled  pitch  was  brought  in.  People 
kept  on  dancing.  "  Move  away  from  the  fire,  O  friend !" 
He  did  not  wake  up.  He  was  very  sleepy,  and  (merely) 
said  thus :  "  Leave  me  alone,  I  intend  to  sleep  a  while." 
So  the  people  thought  thus:  "Let  him  sleep!"  And  while 
the  pitch  kept  on  boiling,  they  said,  "Let  him  sleep!  — 
Move  away  from  the  fire,  O  friend!"  But  he  did  not 
move,  and  (soon)  began  to  snore. 

People    took    hold    of   all    kinds  of  things.      Axes  were 

Tc!ha"'cisutnE.     S^a'tsa  xawa^a".     Wusya'a'st  wan.     Atsftc 

Gladness  is  always  Thus  he  killed  He  begins  to      finally.  Thus 

felt.  will  be.  sleep 

waVsutnE,    ci'l-xIsutnE.      "Ha^^qa^tcya  ^  miltcfxmlnx."     Ku' 

he  is  constantly      he  is  constantly         "vShoie-like  away,       get  burned  mayst  Not 

told,  shaken.  thou." 

cfl-xik     H  wan  qaa'xam  ants  Lliyaxa^^'wi  ts!aln.     MEq!yri'wi 

moves  So    finally      is  brought        that  boiled  '  pitch.  Dance  (pi.) 

(negative).  in 

Lla''^'.        "  Ha^'qa'^tcya      ts'ikmu't."        Ku^      kwi'sil,      tsfk!ya 

many.  "Shore-like  from  friend."  Not        he  wakes  up  very 

(negative), 

5   a^^si's.         Atsl'tc       waa',       "  A^nxa^tsatci.         LlyaxaVaxan 

he  is  Thus  he  says,  "Leave  alone  you  A  while  intend  I 

sleeping.  you-me. 

a"sa'wax."       "1     wan     ci'n^xyaxam     s'^atsftc :     "Qa^l:     wan 

sleep  intend."        Then      now  it  was  thought  thus:  "Let  now 

a^'stux."       La^qwls    ants    ts!aln    ants    Ll^yaxa^^'wi.       Atsi^tc 

he  sleep  Boils  con-       that  pitch  that  boiled.  Thus 

shall."  tinually 

waa^xam,      "Oa4     wan     a^'stux.       Ha^^qa^tcya     ts'ikmu't." 

it  is  said,  "Let  now      he  sleep  shall.        Shore-like  from  friend." 

Kui  cfl-xil.     "1  wan  xu"n. 

Not      he  moves    Then  now     he  snores, 
(negative). 

lo        Hai'mut   L!a^^^  tE'q  iokwfxam."     Tcimtca'mi  lokwfxam." 

All  much    something      is  seized.  Axe  is  seized. 

1  That  is,  "move  away  from  the  fire!" 

'-  Instead  of  tak^vl'xam.     Guttural  vowel  due  to  vocalic  harmony. 


28 

seized,  (because  it  had  been  decided  that,  as  soon  as)  he 
should  wake  up,  they  would  kill  him  with  an  axe.  He 
was  still  snorin*;-  with  his  mouth  wide  open.  Now  the 
people  got  ready.  They  watched  him  closely.  "We 
will  kill  him,  because  he  has  killed  (many  of)  us."  Then 
the  boiling  pitch  was  seized.  "Move  away  from  the 
fire,  O  friend!  Vou  may  get  burned."  But  he  did  not 
move.  So  the  boiling  pitch  was  placed  above  his  head. 
They  were  all  glad,  because  for  that  purpose  the  dance 
had  been  arranged ;  (namely,)  in  order  to  rid  him  ot 
his  mean  disposition  That  was  why  so  many  people 
were  dancing.  Finally  (one  man)  stood  up  and  took  hold 
of   the    boiling    pitch.      And    around    (Grizzly    Bear)   were 

Ka'st'tux,    "1    txu    tcimtca^myatc    xawa^a".      4    wan    xu"n. 

He  get  up  will,  then    just  axe   with  he  killed  will  be.    And    now  he  snores. 

Lka^atc     Laa^     xO"n.       "1     wan     hau'tx    hitcu'".       Tsfklya 

Open  his        mouth     he  snores.    Then    finally      finish  (pi.)      people.  Very 

tcima^nisu'nK.       "iJxmlya'yunanl'.       S'^a's^'-nl'     kl^xa^yuts,      "1 

he   is   constantly  ''Kill  him   will  we.  He  us  kills  he-us,  so 

watched. 

s'^a'tsan}  iJxmlya^yun."      Lokwi^xam  ^  wan  ants  Ll'yaxa^'wi. 

thus  we  kill  him  will."'  Is  seized  now       that       Ijoiled  (pitch). 

5    "Ha'^qa'tcya  ~    ts'ikmu't,    miltci^xminx."      Kumi^ntc    ci'kxiJ. 

"Shore-like  from  friend,  mayst  thou  get  Not  he  moves 

burned."  (negative). 

"t    wan    xwaki'tc  ti'xam  ants  iJ'yaxa^^'wi.     Tc!ha"cri''^'  ants 

.  So      now  head  on      is  placed      that       boiled  (pitch).  Are  glad  (pi.)       those 

rJa'^i.    S^a  ata's  ants  ma^q!inutnE.'^    Huya^uttx  ha^'  s'Vtsa.^ 

many.  For      only       that      dance  is  arranged.         Is  made  dif-     mind        thus, 

him  ferent  his 

S^a'tsa    ants    mEqlyu'^^    L!a'^^      "t    wan    skwaha^      Lokwf- 

Thus  those        dance  (pi.)        many.        Then   finally    he  stands  up.  Is  seized 

xam  ^    ants    iJ'yaxa^'wi.      "1    stim    skwaha"'"'"'  Lla'-^'  ha'^mut 

that         boiled  (]iitch).       Then    there  stand  (pi.)         many  all 

'  Instead  of  ta/rcvl'xain.      Guttural   vowel   due  to   vocalic  harmony. 

2  That  is,   "move  away  from  the  fire." 

3  That    is,    "for    him    only    the    dance    was  arranged,  in  order  to  rid  him  of  his 
mean  disposition." 


29 

standing  all  those  that  were  armed  with  axes.  They 
made  noise  with  all  kinds  of  things,  but  he  did  not  wake 
up.  "Better  pour  it  into  his  mouth!"  So  it  was  poured 
into  his  mouth,  which  began  to  burn  (right  away).  The 
people  kept  on  dancing  as  Grizzly  Bear  was  consumed  by 
the  fire.  All  his  hair  got  burned.  Then  his  head  was 
cut  into  pieces  by  means  of  an  axe.  He  was  constantly 
diffusinor  smoke  as  he  was  beingf  killed. 

Here  (the  story)  ends.  If  he  had  not  been  killed,  the 
world  would  have  been  very  bad.  Thus  that  bad  person 
was  killed.  Such  was  the  custom  of  the  people  of  long 
ago.      Here,  at  last,   it  ends. 

ants  tcitci^mya.     Wa^'  ya^^xa'  tE'q,  H  pfumE.     "1  kumi'ntc 

those        with  axes.         Although     much        some-    still     noise  is        But  not 

thing,  made  with  it. 

kwi'sil.    "Owa^'nyux  tEma'  Laaya^tc!"    H  wan  qu'nfxamlmE. 

he  wakes  up         "Pour  it  it  is       mouth  into!"      So    now         it  is  poured  into 

(negative).  better  his  (mouth). 

Txu    mi'ltcistx    Laa^     Stim    L!a'^^    ma^qlis.      Mfttcist    ants 

Just        it  begins  to      mouth.        There      many  keep  on  Begins   to        that 

burn  his  dancing.  burn 

hitc.     Mi^hcistx    hai^mut    hfqu^      Stim    wan    yaklltcya'xam 

man.  It  begins  to  all  hair.  There     tinally     into   pieces  was  cut 

burn   his 

5   xwa^katc    tcimtca^myatc.      Stim    tqOni^s    ants    mi^kla    hitc. 

head  his  axe   with.  There  diffuses  smoke  that  bad  man. 

constantly 

Xa^wi^xamyax  tE  mi'kla  hitc. 

Killed  was  this        bad         person. 

Sqa%  wan  ata^s  hawa^'.     Ku^  nats  s^a'tsa  xaVa^xa"tnE,^ 

There       now       only        it  ends.  Not        if  thus        he  had  been  killed, 

"1  nats  tsi'k!ya  mi'kia  L!a^^^      S'^'atsa  xa^wfxamyax  mfk!a 

then  (con-       very  bad  world.  Thus  killed  was  bad 

ditional) 

hitc.     S^atsi'tc  wan  ata^s  wa^nwitsaxax  nictcima^mu.     Sqa^k 

man.  Thus  finally    only  old-timers  (of)  custom.  There 

lO  wan   smit'u^^ 

finally      it   ends. 

1   Evidently    for    xa'r(yaxa~'tnE. 


30 


3-  'TiiK.  Origin  of  the  Yakonan  and  Siuslauan 
Tribes  ^  {A  he  a). 

Ants  Moiuptsini'sla  -  k!e'xu'tc  iJaya'tc  L!oxa^xa"tsmE 
hiic  iJa'^'  tEma"'ya"x  hitu'tc  iJaya'.  "1  wan  s^-atsftc 
waa'yu'nE  ants  hitc  iJoxa^^'yu'nE.^  "Hi'satci  Llwa^nis, 
nictcl'tcin    waa''.      Si'n'xyOn   tKmOa'wax  tE  iJa^^^      Hu'tctux 

"1  wan  ha'nhan  Lii/wanx  "*  hitsi'stc  wan.  " L^wa^x'^nxan 
tE  Liu^  TEmu'tuxtci,  s^-atsi'tc^'-nxan  ta'nxan  LiO^  K!exu'tc 
Llaya'tc  tEmua^^un  ants  iJa^^^  hitc.  S'^atsl'tcin  L!"wax 
ta'kin  lIu^  TEmu^tuxtci  klexu'nE  Llaya'nE.  Atsi'tcin 
lO  iJ^wax  ta'kin  Liu'.  Klaha'yu'natci.  TEmu'tuxtci.  S'^atsftc 
ta'kin  LiO'."  "t  wan  wihva'xam.  "Ha^^  wan.  Lfutunxan 
wan."  Atsftc  waa'xam  ants  hitc  L!"wax.  "Llwa'ntunx, 
wa'nxan  Li'utux.  Atsftc^nx  Llwa'nis."  Atsi'tc  waa'xam 
ants  hitc  tca^xa^'t. 


1 5  ^\  wan  tEniu'tx  hitcu'"  k!exu'nE  Llaya'nE.  TEmu^'tc 
xint  Lla'^i.  Wa^  ya'xa*  hitc,  ^1  tEmu'".  "t  wan  tEmu'tx 
hitcu''".  "L!x"wa'x^yutsa'tci,  nictci'tc^^tci  tE  tEm^'wa'tam."  ^ 
Stimk  qaqu'na'wax  L.'a'^'.  "  Kumfntc^tci  nictci'tc  ta'tci 
tEmu'uts.       KlexO'tcin    L!aya'tc    Ll^vva^xyOn    tE    hitc.      Wa>' 

2o  ha'^mut  inqlaV,  "hi  L!°wa'xyrm  sqa'k  L!a'^^  hitc.  Al^q 
qiutcu'ni  "t  a'l^q  tExmu'ni  4a"x  sqa'k  ^  Li'utux.  "l  a'l^q 
tExmu'ni  "l  al^q  qiutcu'ni  "1  a^'sxa  sqa^tci'tc  ^  qa'tc'ntux. 
"t    stim  "1  t!fmct!'tux.^      Xa'tslu  inqla'i  "la"x   alqHc  wa'as. 

'  An  .\lsea  myth  told  in  the  Lower  Umpqua  language. 

-  The    Alsea    name    for    Coyote.      William    Smith    frequently    used    Alsea    terms 
instead  of  their  Siuslaw  equivalents. 

3  Instead    of   L'.oxa'yTi-nE.     Insertion    of  weak  «-vo\vel  due  to  vocalic  harmony. 
*  The  messengers. 


31 


3-  The  Origin  of  the  Yakonan  and  Siuslauan 
Tribes  {A /sea). 

(One  day)  Coyote  sent  many  of  his  people  in  all 
directions,  (instructing  them)  to  bring  together  many  people. 
Thus  was  told  (each)  man  (as  he)  was  sent  (out):  "You 
shall  tell  well  what  I  say.  I  want  many  people  to  come 
together.     They   shall  play." 

And,  verily,  (the  messengers)  were  coming  to  (different) 
houses.  "(As)  messengers  we  come.  You  shall  assemble, 
that  is  why  we  came  here.  Everywhere  many  people  are 
about  to  assemble.  For  that  reason  I  came  here  (as)  a 
messenger.  You  shall  come  together  from  everywhere. 
That  is  why  I  came  here  (as)  a  messenger.  You  are  invited 
to  assemble.  For  that  purpose  I  came  here."  Then  (each 
messenger)  was  told,  "All  right!  we  will  come."  Thus 
was  told  (each)  man  (who  was  a)  messenger.  "You  shall 
say,  'They  are  coming  now.'  Thus  you  shall  say."  Thus 
was  told  (each)  man  as  he  went  back. 

So  then  many  people  assembled  from  everywhere.  They 
kept  on  coming  together  in  large  numbers.  At  last  they 
were  assembled.  (Then  Coyote  said  to  them,)  "You  shall 
know  [me]  why  you  have  been  assembled."  (So)  they 
listened  there.  "Not  for  nothing  have  you  been  assembled. 
Everywhere  I  am  going  to  distribute  [send]  the  people. 
Although  many  are  the  rivers,  nevertheless  I  shall  send 
people  there.  One  woman  and  one  man  will  go  there 
(to  the  Yaquina  River).  And  one  man  and  a  woman, 
also,  will  start  there  (for  the  Alsea  River).      And  they  will 

*  The  use  of  the  future  passive  in  this  sentence  is  incorrect.  The  past  passive 
tEm^'wa' xamyax  would  have  been  more  proper. 

8  For  example,  to  the  Yaquina  River.  '^  To  the  Alsea  River. 

8  Compare  Roland  B.  Dixon,  Maidu  Texts  (Publications  of  the  American 
Ethnological  Society,  Vol.  IV,  pp.    15  et  seq). 


32 

S'^a'tsa  hiq!ya'a"  ants  iJa'^'.  A'K]  qiutcii'ni  "}  a1^q  tKx- 
mu^ni  L!°waxyun.  "In  xa^tslu  inqa^i  ^  "In  rJ^vva^xyun. 
Sti'm'-nx  t.'i'mctl'tux.  S^'-a'tsa  hlqle'yusnE  ants  L.'a'^'." 
S'-atsi'tc  waa^yOsni':  ants  a'l^q  tExmu^ni  "t  a^t-'^q  qiutcu^ni. 
5  "Scja'kts  qa^tc'-ntux.  Sqa^kts  tli'mctl'tux.  Xa'tslO  inqla'l 
"1  k!'na''t'axtcx"  wa^as.  Stimts  ya'xtux.  K!'na''t'axtc 
wa^as  xa^tslu  inq!aV.  Stimts  t!i'mct!'tux,  stimts  ya^^xai 
ha'utux.  Klexu^tc'-tci  iJaya^tc  qa^tcMitux,  stfmtci  ya^'xai 
ha'utux."       Atsftc     waa'yu'nE     ants     iJa^^'     Lloxa^^yutnE.^ 

lo  "Xa'ts!u  inq!a'i  "1  k!'na''t'axtc  wa'as."  Ta-'^'k^^'ax  =^  sqa^ktcl'tc 
qa'tc'ntux,  a'l^q  tExmu'ni  "t  a^t-^q  qlOtcu'ni.  "Stimkts 
ya^'xa'  ha'utux,  stimkts  ya^'xa'  t!i'mct!'tux."  Atsl'tc 
waa'yu'nE  ants  Lla'-'^'.  "la"x  ta-'^k  a''sxa  "]:a"x  sqa'ktcftc 
qa'tc'ntux,     "Ja^x    stim    t!i'mct!'tOx.       "S^atsaYitsatci,    ta'tci 

15   tEmuYits.      Sti'mtci  ya^'xa^   ha'Otux." 


S^tsfxamyax    tE    hitc    L!a'^'.      S^'^a'tsa    hiqia'xamyax    tE 
hitc  Lla'^^ 

Sqa'k  wan  hawai\ 

4.  The  Big  Fire  *  {Coos). 

Oa'a^tclx  ^    pEil'tc  Liha'yax  tE  Llya'a".      Oa"'xunyax  xint 

20  ants    Liya'a".      TciVatc    hi'sa^x    Liu'.      Tci'wa    ma^tc    ants 

fqai^tu,  H  sqa^k  ta'  ants  Liya'a",  "J  a'1a!  mihca''  ants  ]:qa'''tri. 

Wa^"     tci'wa     ma^tc    ants    lqa'''tu,    "1    miltca''.       TOqya'a^ 

'  Namely,  the  Siuslaw  and  Umpqua  Rivers. 
2  Instead  of  Lloxa'yutfiE. 
'  By  metathesis  for  ia<^'ka''x. 

*  An    Alsea    myth;  see  also  Coos  Texts  (Vol.   I  of  this  series).     This  myth  has 
undoubtedly    an    historical    foundation.      I    was    told    by    the    Indians    of  that  region 


33 

raise  children  there.  Two  rivers^  will  have  one  language. 
Thus  the  world  will  be  started.  One  woman  and  one 
man  I  shall  send  (at  a  time).  Then  to  two  (other)  rivers 
I  shall  send  (people),  where  they  will  raise  children.  Such 
will  be  the  beginning  of  the  world."  Thus  every  single 
man  and  woman  would  be  told.  "Ye  two  will  go  there 
and  raise  children.  (The  People  living  on)  two  (different) 
rivers  will  understand  each  other's  language.  Ye  will 
multiply  there.  (Living  on)  two  (distinct)  rivers,  (ye  will) 
understand  each  other's  language.  Ye  will  raise  children 
there,  and  will  multiply.  Wherever  ye  go,  there  ye  will 
multiply."  Thus  were  told  those  who  were  sent  off. 
"(People  living  on)  two  (different)  rivers  will  understand 
each  other's  language."  Then  these  two,  the  first  couple, 
started  for  that  place.  "Ye  two  will  multiply  there,  and 
will  raise  many  children."  Thus  were  told  all  the  people. 
Then  also  those  (other)  two  went  to  that  place  (whither 
they  were  told  to  go),  and  were  going  to  raise  children 
there.  (And  Coyote  said,)  "Thus  I  (do  it)  for  ye,  whom 
I  have  assembled  (here).    (If  ye  go)  there,  ye  will  multiply." 

Thus  it  was  (said)  to  many  people.  Thus  the  tribes 
were  created  [started]. 

Here  it  ends. 

4.  The  Big  Fire  ^  (Coos). 

This  fire  passed  first  along  the  North  Fork.^  It  went 
along  the  sky,  and  came  straight  to  the  water.  (What- 
ever) logs  lay  in  the  water,  the  fire  would  settle  there,  and 
then  the  logs  would  burn  down.  Although  the  logs  were 
in  the  water,  still  (they)  caught  fire.     Up-stream  the  whole 

that  some  eighty  years  ago  a  big  fire  almost  destroyed  the  whole  country.  Even 
to  this  day  thousands  upon  thousands  of  acres  of  burnt  timber  bear  mute  testimony 
to  the  truth  of  this  story. 

*  Qa'a'ic^  a  tributary  of  the  Siuslaw  River,  now  called  North  Fork. 

3 — COL.   UNIV.   CONTRIB.   ANTHROP.    —    VOL.    IV. 


34 

ha''mrit  mi'hcist  tE  iJa'-'^'.  Wan  tsim  s'-a'tsa,  qa"'xunyax 
txu.  ()a"'xunyax  Lxata''  ants  uya'a".  Tcik  ants  limrstist 
L.'a'^',   "}  sqa'k  ta'  ants  Llya'a",   "1  a'lal  mikca''  sqa'tKm. 


Oa'^xixyax  tK  iJa'^'.  Kumi'ntc  tea  yax.  Hai'mut 
5  mfkcist  tE  L!a'^'.  SExa^^'tc  qaa'xam  ants  L!a'=^'  tE'q,  "1 
a'lat  qo'x"m  tclVatc  qayfxam  ants  li'tla^  T!amcfl-ma 
iJa'"'  "}  sExa'"'tc  Lxaa^xam,  "}  qo'x"m  qayfxam.  Oa''xix- 
yax,  kumi'ntc  tcik  yax.  Kfx'^s  his  tsxayrf"^  tE  hu^'nyax 
iJa'^i.     Kiimi'ntc  tea  yax  tE  Lla'^'.     Hu"n  tE  L!a'^'.     Ko'tan 

lo  "^  tci'watc  Liu'.  Kumi'nte  iit!aya't  ants  ko'tan.  Ha^'mOt 
mi'iteist  ants  tsEha^^'ya.  Tsi'sqan  pk'itiyu's  tEmf/yax. 
Eimna^'q  "f  xa'tslii  ti'.mu'yax.  Limna^'q  "1  ma'lte''t  qn^^'wa'- 
xamyax.  Tsi'k^^te  "t  ma'he^t  ants  Limna^'q.  Pk'itiyifstc 
tEmu'yax    tE   Limna^'q.      Paa^^'witeix    qate'^natu'"    ants    Lim- 

ir  na"q.  OoV'mtc  ha'^mut  qwa'xte'st  tE  Limna^'q.  Ma'kc^t 
hai'mut  hi'qO'tc  ants  Limna^'q.  "1  t!i  a'l-du  ma'itc't.  Ha^'mut 
tE'q  mi'ltcist.  Hi'q"  al'du  mi'ttcist.  0!a'xa"xt  "1  wi'^tayatc 
hai'mut  tEmu'^^  Ha'^mut  tE'q  Jite'^t  ma'he't.  Ha^'mut 
ma'ltc't  ants  Limna^'q  qate'^natu'". 


20        Sqa'k  wan  hawa''. 

5.  The  Crow  and  the  Thunder-Bird  ^  {Coos). 

M"qwa'LEm     wa'as     "1     qa'xun     tsi'k.'ya.       Lnat     waa^'. 

Kumi'ntc    wi'Lit    ants    L!a'^'.      A'tsa  "1  kumi'nte  Ji'tliyun  tE 

}i't!a\     Ma'q"L    "J    tsim    s^as    Llxf^yun,   nietei'te  ci'n'xyat!ya 

hite.        Nietei'te'-nx     ci'n'xyat.'ya,     "t^nx     s^as     Llwina'yuts. 

25    XEwi'te'^nx    hi'qlya,    "I'-nx    si'^as  Llwina'yuts  s^atsi'te.      Teai- 

'  This,   and  the  two  texts  that  follow,  are  Coos  myths.     They  were  dictated  by 
me   in   English  verbatiiit   to  William  Smith,  who  then  retold  them  in  Lower  Umpqua. 


region  began  to  burn.  Always  thus,  just  along  the  sky 
(the  fire  would  pass).  The  fire  swept  along  the  sky. 
Wherever  there  was  a  place  that  had  not  burned  down, 
the  fire  would  settle  there  and  then  would  flare  up 
from  there. 

(Then)  it  got  dark,  (and)  nothing  could  be  seen  anywhere. 
The  whole  region  was  afire.  All  kinds  of  things  were 
put  into  a  canoe,  and  the  food  was  then  fastened  (to 
floats)  way  out  in  the  water.  Many  children  were  placed 
in  canoes  that  were  made  fast  offshore.  It  was  dark, 
nothing  could  be  seen  anywhere.  (For)  full  ten  days  this 
darkness  prevailed.  Nowhere  could  anything  be  seen. 
This  whole  universe  (was  hurled  into)  darkness.  Horses 
came  to  the  water.  The  horses  had  no  food,  (for)  all 
the  orrass  had  burned  down.  Deer  assembled  at  a  lake. 
Elks  assembled  at  two  (other  lakes).  (Many)  elks  were 
found  (afterwards)  burned.  Their  feet  were  burned.  (Many) 
elks  came  to  the  lake  walking  along  the  sand-beach.  All 
the  elks  went  into  the  water  offshore,  while  their  hair  was 
on  fire.  And  grizzly  bears  burned,  likewise.  Everything 
was  burned.  Wildcat,  too,  was  burned.  All  the  wolves 
came  to  an  island.  All  sorts  of  cougars  caught  fire. 
All  the  elks  that  were  walking  about  were  burned. 

Here,  now,  it  ends. 

5.  The  Crow  and  the  Thunder-Bird^  [Coos). 

Crow's  language  (used  to  be)  very  loud  [high].  He  was 
always  talking.  (At  that  time  there)  was  no  low  tide.  For 
that  reason  he  could  not  get  [eat]  any  food.  Crow  ahvays 
knew  a  person's  thoughts.  He  can  tell  you  whatever  you 
are  thinking  of.     When  you  are  about  to  die,  he  can  tell 

This  text  is  very  important,  as  it  shows  the  linguistic  relation  of  type  that  exists 
between  the  Kusan  and  Siuslauan  stocks  (see  Coos  Texts,  Vol.  I  of  this  series,  p.  14). 


36 

tci^tc^-nx     sin'xya     (ja'tc'^na,     "J'^nx     tsim     s'^as     iJwina'yuts. 
Ya''^'xa'  waa''  Inat. 

A'^q  hitc  "1  i.Iu'  m^^qwa'L'tc,  "t  waaVn  s^atsi'tc.  "Qa'- 
xunanx  wa^a'sun.  Nictci'tc  tE'q,  "t'ns  a'tcna'^^^tux  tK 
5  wa'as?  Waxa'yimanx  nictci'tcin  tK  pu'lkna."  Inq!a'i  "J 
kumfntc  vvi'Lil.  Tsim  qLOvva'",  wa''  ya'tsa.  "1  ma'q"L 
wi'iutun.  "Hp'sa  tsi'klya,  a'tcna^'^^tux^-ns."^  "Ja^x  a'tcna'ha"t- 
wan.  "1^  lAu  m"qwa^L'tc  ants  umli^yusEm  wa^as ;  umllyu^stc 
Liu'    m"qwa'LEm   wa'as.      S^atsi'tc  waa'a^^n  uma^Jl.      "Ts'il*- 

lo  mu't,  wa'a'tsin  ta'kin "  wa'as !"  "J  wan  waa'a"n.  "t  cikx 
ants  iJa^'^'  ants  hitc  waa'^  S'^atsitc  wa''^'yaxa"n.  "WaV 
L^syanx  taqa^'na,  "t^nx  tsi'k.'ya  qa^^'xim  wa'a^s."  Atsl'tc 
wa^^yaxa^n.  "Wa'a's^nx  na'm'''}itin  wa'as."  Tsi'klya  his 
s'''a'na'iTikc   vva'as  wa^'syaxa"n.     "}  q!uyapl'yutsmE  kopx,  "t 

15  mfn'xwa'.  "Tsl'k!ya  his,  ts'il'mu'tln.  Na^'xun  xa'tslu 
"Jxiin  a'tcna'^"tux."  S^atsftc  wa-'^'yaxa^n.  "Pa'xa's^nx  kopx, 
tcl  wl'LtOx.  Tsinlxtu'ni  tE  pl'^tsis  wfLtOx,  ha^'mut  tE'q 
h't!a'  "1  txu  k!a'pis  kla'ptuxL!.  Tcfnta"nx  ya'wisun,  "t'^nx 
JftllsLin.      S^^atsl'tc'-nx    waa'yuts,    ''\^nx    ya'q^^ils."     Tsl'klya 

20  hP'sa  "1  paxa'xutsniE  kopx,  "1  k!api'tc  xinti't  ants  tci. 
K!a'la"tx  ha'^  tcina'yax,  "1  yo'q"ha'tu'tsmE  kopx.  Yo'q"- 
ha'tun  ants  inq!a'a\  "f  k!a'pls. 


Ya^'klfsk'in  ii'tla^  "1  txu  k.'a'pis  c'yatx.  Oa'q^hantun 
plYi  hitc.  Hicatca'sk'in  s^atsi'tc  cfnlxya.  "Li'mqanx  ya'- 
(^"ha't.  Kumi'ntc'-^nx  atsl'tc  waa'yuts,  ya'q"hltunx.  Li'm- 
qanx  ya'q^^ha't."  S^atsftc  waa'yun.  Ya'q"'yun  ants  h't!a^ 
mitcu'^^i  L!a'^'.  Ya'q^^'yun  ha^'qmas  tci'wa.  Lnat  s^a'tsatc 
nictcima^mu. 

'  Should  have  been  a'Una'^"'/uns. 

2  Sul)jcctive   pronoun  used  with  a  possessive  significance. 


you  so.  He  can  always  tell  you  whether  you  want  to  go 
anywhere.  He  always  talks  a  great  deal. 
.  (One  day)  a  man  came  to  Crow,  and  spoke  to  him 
thus:  "You  always  speak  loud.  How  would  it  be  if  we 
two  should  trade  languages?  I  will  give  you  (that  with) 
which  I  speak."  And  (still)  there  was  no  low  tide  in  the 
river.  The  water  was  always  high.  Then  Crow  answered 
him,  "It  would  be  very  good  if  we  two  traded."  Then 
they  two  traded ;  and  unto  Crow  came  Thunder's  language, 
while  unto  Thunder  came  Crow's  lanofuasfe.  Thus  said 
Thunder  (to  Crow):  "Friend,  speak  to  me  this  my  lan- 
guage !"  So  he  spoke  it  to  him,  and  the  earth  shook  as 
that  man  spoke.  Thus  said  (Thunder)  to  him:  "If  you 
get  mad  at  anything,  you  shall  always  talk  loud."  Thus 
he  told  him.  "You  will  always  speak  my  language." 
And  his  language  was  very  good  as  he  spoke  it.  And 
as  he  twinkled  his  eyes,  it  began  to  lighten.  "Very  good, 
my  friend !  We  two  will  trade."  (Then  Thunder)  said 
to  him,  "Whenever  you  shut  your  eyes,  the  water  will 
get  low.  One-half  of  the  ocean  will  become  low,  and  all 
kinds  of  food  will  (be  left)  dry,  (as  they)  will  (be  overcome 
by  the)  dry  condition  (of  the  water).  Whatever  (food) 
you  can  pick  out,  you  may  eat  it.  When  I  tell  you  so, 
then  you  may  look."  So  he  kept  his  eyes  tightly  shut, 
and  the  water  began  to  get  dry.  (But  soon)  he  got  tired 
waiting,  and  he  opened  his  eyes.  He  looked  at  the  river, 
and  (saw  that  it  was)  dry. 

Small  fish  [food]  were  just  flopping,  (as  the  river)  kept 
on  (getting)  dry.  He  heard  some  one  make  a  noise,  and 
was  thinking  (about  it)  for  a  little  while.  (It  was  Thunder 
who  told  him,)  "You  looked  too  soon.  I  haven't  told 
you  (yet)  to  look.  You  looked  too  soon."  Thus  (Thunder) 
told  him.  He  saw  great  quantities  of  food  lying  (about). 
He  saw  it  (lying)  near  the  water.    That  is  his  usual  custom. 


38 

S'^atsftc  waa^'  ants  nia'q"L.  "  Waxa^yuhsanx  ta'kin 
mi'n'xwi,  tic  k!apa'^t!i  inqla^a'."  "1  waxa^xa^x  ants  mfn'xwi. 
"1  a'l^q  h'yatc  vvaxa'xa"x  ants  klapa^'  iJa'^'  inqla'a'. 
S'^atsl'tc  "}  ants  k!apa''  ants  inq!a'a'.  "Wa'a^'-nx  taqa^'na, 
5  "Jnx  mfnxwls."  S'-atsftc  wa-'^yaxa^n.  "Mi'nx"tsx  L!a'^\ 
ts'il-mu't!"  "}  wan  mfnxa"tu'tsmK  jJa'^^'.  "t  ma'q"L  "t 
waa'a"n  ants  umii'yusEm  wa^as.  S'^atsi'tc  waa'a"n.  "  Hl'^- 
sanx  tsi'klya."  S^atsftc  L!wa^'nyaxa"n.  "Wa^'tunx 
m"qwa'LEmtc     wa''as."      "1     wan    waa^       "Lna't'nx    wa'a^s 

lo  s'^atsftc."  S'^atsi'tc  wa=^'yaxa°n.  "Tcint  hitc  qa^ntcya  ^ 
LiwaVax,  "I'nx  tifwax "  haVisun  tE  nictcima^mu."  S'^at- 
sl'tc  wa^'yaxa"n.  "Wa^^  ya'tsa,  "J^nx  atsi'tc  wa'a%.  Tci'k^nx 
ya'xyaxa"n  hitc,  "l^nx  Llwa'nisun.  Hi'sanx  ma'nis  mi'kia 
tE'q    xnP^na'wax."     S'^atsl'tc    wa^'yaxa"n.     S^atsi'tc    "}   Jnat 

15   s^a^tsitsyaxa"tnE. 


S'^^a'tsatc  nictcima^mu  tE  ma'q"L  k!'sa't.  Tci'k'^nx  yixa'- 
yuts  ma^q"L,  "t'^nx  wa'a^suts  tsim.  "}  wan  sqa^k  ata''s 
hawa'".      S^atsf  tc^ax  ^  halk!   ma^q^L  tE  uma^li^'ax.^ 


6.  The  Girls  and  ihe  Stars'^  [Coos). 

Yaklisk'infi'    iJaya'    "^   tlyu'^^'.      Ya^'xa'  hitc  tlyil'^^'  stim. 

20  S'^atsi^tc    waa''    ants    Lxa"yaxa"'ni    ants    mictci''.       "Tcinf  '' 

tEx  Inu'ns  ma'tcis."    Tsi'klya  his  qa'x.     Hai'mut^'nx  s^'atsi'tc 

waa^'muxwa.      "Tsi^k.'ya    hrs,    Jnu^nl  ma^tcis."     Oiutcu^ninx 

hai'mut.       "l^'^nx     Inu'tc     Liha'.       MEtca'wanx     hni.       "J^nx 

•  (janic  SOMEWHERE,  Coos  loan-word. 

2  William  Smith  evidently  misunderstood  the  Englisli  dictation  mou  shai.t 
MAKE  KNOWN  for  THOU  SHALT  MAKE  NEW:  hence  his  mistaken  use  of  the  adjective 
tU'wax  NEW.     It  should  be  "Fnx  lJxu>-  and  thou  to  know  .  .  . 

3  By  metathesis  for  s^ats'i'ica"x  thus  they  two. 

*  By  metathesis  for  tini(i'tla"x. 


39 

Thus  Crow  said :  "  I  will  give  you  this  my  lightning, 
so  that  the  river  may  always  be  dry."  Then  he  gave 
him  the  lightning.  And  that  man  (Thunder)  gave  hirn 
the  dry  (condition  of  the)  river.  That  is  how  rivers  came 
to  be  dry.  "Whenever  you  say  something,  you  will  always 
make  lightning."  Thus  (Crow)  said  to  him,  "Make  light- 
ning, O  friend!"  So  he  made  lightning,  while  Crow  spoke 
Thunder's  language.  Thus  (Crow)  said  to  him,  "You  (are) 
right!"  Thus  he  told  hiju.  "(Speak)  again  Crow's  lan- 
guage." And  he  spoke  'if.  "You  shall  always  talk  thus." 
Thus  he  told  him.  "  Whatever  person  may  intend  to 
come  (here)  from  anywhere,  you  shall  always  announce 
this  event."  Thus  he  told  him.  "You  will  speak  thus 
forever.  Wherever  you  may  find  a  person,  you  will  relate 
it.  You  will  always  watch  (out  whether)  something  bad 
is  going  to  happen."  Thus  he  told  him,  and  thus  it  was 
always  (done). 

Such  is  Crow's  custom  to-day.  Wherever  he  sees  you, 
he  always  speaks  to  you.  Here  finally  it  ends.  Thus 
(is  told  the)  story  about  Crow  and  Thunder. 

6.  The  Girls  and  the  Stars  '  {Coos). 

They  were  living  on  a  small  place.  Many  people  were 
living  there.  (One  day)  thus  said  a  younger  sister:  "Sup- 
pose we  two  sleep  outside?"  It  was  a  very  beautiful  night. 
Then  all  said  thus  to  one  another.  "Very  good,  we 
will  sleep  outdoors."  They  were  all  women.  They  went 
outside.     They  intended  to  sleep  outside.      (At  first)  they 


s  See  note  i  on  p.  34;  also  Coos  Texts,  Vol.  I  of  this  series,  p.  50;  and  R.  B. 
Dixon,  Maidu  Texts  (Publications  of  the  American  Ethnological  Society,  Vol.  IV, 
p.   185). 

"  The  exact  rendering  of  this  pronominal  particle  in  this  passage  is  rather 
obscure. 


40 

hi'q!a't  hu'tca'wax.  Wusya'a'stanx.  "i  ya'q"'yanx  qa'xuntc, 
'1' nx  ya'q^'yun  ya^'xa'  ants  tslu^'m.  Limnitcu'ni  mictci''  "1 
vvaa'.  "Nictcftcinx  ha'\  "J'ns  qasLfwisIti  tK  ts!ri"mr'' 
Lxa"yaxa"'nitc  ants  mictcf'  '  "J  waa^  "Tci'nta"nx  sfn^x- 
5  yun?"  —  "Yakli'sk'inu'ni  tE  ts!u"m  si'n'xyun."  "J  s'atsl'tc 
waa'.  "Tcfnta"nx  si'n'xyun?"  —  "Yiktfl-ma  ts!ri"m  ta'kin 
sfn^xyun."  "I'nx  ha''mut  a"si's.  Kumfntc'nx  tK'q  l!xu'- 
xOn  waha'ha"n.      A"sfsanx. 

Ts'u^xtits^^'ax  ~  ki^stist.  "t  kwi'sis  tatc  mictcf'  "t  tEx- 
10  m"wa^ni  mate  ya'q^ha'tun,  "}  tExnifl'ma.  Ha'^mut  quY- 
quLtc  ants  hfqu'tc.  "1  yaxi'xun  ants  misi'a^tc  tExm"wa'ni 
ma^tcu^n.  Tslk!ya  his  tExmu'ni  ants  lIYi  mi'tcist  misa'- 
yustc.  Ants  qlutcu'ni  "1  tc'icica''tx  ha'\  Ants  tExmu'ni  "1 
waa'  s^atsl'tc.      "Na'han  a'nts^'nx  sfn'xyOts  ants  qa^'x." 


15  Atsi'tc  LlxO^yu'nE  ants  ts!u^m  hitc.  Kiimi'ntc  qwatc 
L!xu'xu"n  nfctcatc  ants  ni'ctcisi,  S''atsi'tc  tE  halk!  l!o- 
nftxa^'nE.     Smut'a't'. 

7.  The  Origin  of  Death  ^  [Coos). 

Ma  skwlt'a"x  *  xa'ts!"wa"x.  Ta'ya"x  ti'mwa.  Oiutca't- 
wax  ■'      k!ix.        TExmu/nitc^^ax     ants     t!amc     k!ix.       A'f^^q 

20  tsxayu'^'  ts'O^xtlts  "J  pJa^ntx  ants  t!amc.  Kumi'ntc  ya'tsa 
plna'',  "1  xaO'.  Tsi'k.'ya  planya^'tistutsmE  ha'tc,  ants  xau'tx 
ants  t!amc.  "1  tkwiha'ha"tsmE.  "1  a't^q  tsxayu'"^^'*  kumi'ntc 
}l't!lL  Yixini'txa^'nE  ^  ants  t!amc  xau'.  "}  xa'tslun  tsxayu''^' 
"1  qa'tc''nt  yExa^'tc  a'nts'tc  tcma'ni.      "Tcma'nl,  nictci'tc'nx 

25  ci'n'xya?  Tcl'ntux  a'ntsin  t!amc  xa'uyax  Lxa'pistya'^tu 
tsxayu''^''?"     S'^atsftc  wa'astc.     "Kumi'ntc  s'-atsi'tc.     LftlEm 

'   Ought  to  be  misl'ai  YOUNGER  SISTER. 

2  By  metathesis  for  ts'u'xtltsa'^x. 

■'  See  note   i   on  p.  34;  and  Coos  Texts,  Vol.  I  of  this  series,  p.  42. 

*  Consists  of  m'Tisk"  -\-  -if ax  -f-  -a"x. 


41 

started  to  play,  (but  soon)  began  to  feel  sleepy.  They 
looked  up  and  saw  many  stars.  The  youngest  sister  then 
said,  "What  do  you  think  about  making  the  stars  our 
husbands?"  And  her  other  sister  said,  "Which  one  do 
you  want?"  —  "I  want  that  smallest  star."  And  then 
she  said,  "Which  one  do  you  want?"  —  "I  want  a  very 
large  star."  Then  they  all  fell  asleep.  They  knew  nothing 
any  longer.     They  were  asleep. 

Early  in  the  morning  they  two  woke  up.  And  when 
the  younger  sister  woke  up,  she  saw  an  old  man  resting 
(beside  her).  His  hair  was  all  white.  Then  she  saw 
(that  another)  man  was  resting  beside  her  older  sister. 
Very  good-looking  was  the  man  who  lay  down  near  her 
older  sister.  The  woman  hardly  believed  her  own  eyes 
[mind].  (Then  each  of)  those  men  said  thus:  "I  am  the 
one  whom  you  wanted  last  night." 

Thus  is  known  (the  story  of)  those  Star-People.  No 
one  knows  what  happened  to  them.  Thus  the  story  is 
related.      It  is  the  end. 

7.  The  Origin  of  Death  ^  {Coos). 

They  were  two  brothers,  and  they  lived  together.  Each 
of  them  had  a  wife,  and  each  had  a  little  boy.  One 
day  early  in  the  morning  the  child  (of  one  of  them) 
became  sick.  It  was  not  sick  long  before  it  died.  Very 
sorry  was  he  whose  child  had  died.  He  buried  his  child, 
and  for  one  day  he  did  not  eat.  Some  one  was  keeping 
watch  by  the  dead  child.  Then  after  four  days  he  went 
to  see  his  cousin.  "Cousin,  what  do  you  think?  Shall  my 
child  that  died  come  back  on  the  fifth  day?"  Such  were 
his    words.      "Not    so.     Just    eat,    and  you  will  get    well." 

*  By  metathesis  for  qmtca  ta"x  wives  have  they  two. 
•>  Passive. 


42 

txu,     hr'sanx    haYitux."       S'-atsl'tc    \va^'yaxa"n.       Kumi'ntc 
nictcl'tc  wa'a''L      Ci'nLxyat!ya  txu.      "Olaha'inx."  ^ 

"}  kumi'ntc  ya'tsac  iJa'*'^'  "t  pla^ntx  ants  tiamctc.  Ku- 
mi'ntc ya'tsa  pJna'',  "J  xau'.  Tsi'klya  plna''tx  ha^^  ants 
5  xau'tx  t!amctc.  S''-atsi'tc  waa'',  ants  si'nxitx  ants  t!amc 
xwi'Lltuxtc,  "1  qa'tc'nt  sqa^tcl'tc.  "Tcma'nl,  tsl'klya  his 
tiamcins  tci'ntux  Lxa'pista^'tu  tsxayu''^'."  S'atsl'tc  wa'a'tx 
ants  Lxa"'yax.  "Kumi'ntc  s^-atsi'tc,  tcma'ni.  Txu  il'tlEm, 
hr'sanx    ha'^    ha'utux."     Atsl'tc    "1    waa''.      "xVcklali  atsl'tc 

lo  xwiLla'wax  ants  t.'a'mclns,  "I'-nx  kumi'ntc  s'^atsi'tc  si'n^xyun. 
Xawa^'  hitc,  "}  kumi'ntc  tci'nil  xwi'Llii,  ni'ctcim' nx  ku- 
mi'ntc si'n'xyun  s'a'tsa.  Hp'sanx  tsi'klya  s''-atsi'tc' nx  wa- 
a'yuts."  S' atsl'tc  ci'nxyatlya.  "Tsi'klya  his  atsi'tc  wa^'yax. 
Hitc    "}    tcina^'    xwiLla'L    Lxa*pistya''tu  tsxayu'^'',   s^k  atsi'tc 

15  wa^'yax."  Tsi'klya  his,  hitc  xa'uyax  wa'nwits  H  tci'ntux 
Lxa'pistya''tu  tsxayu''^^'. 


Sqa'^k  wan  hawa^'.     Atsi'tc  tE  hatk!   wa'nwits. 

'  Passive. 


43 

Thus  said  to  him  (his  cousin).  But  he  said  nothing :  he 
merely  thought,    "Some  one  will  get  even  with  you." 

Then  not  long  afterwards  the  (other  man's)  child  be- 
came sick.  It  was  not  sick  long  before  it  died.  Very 
sorry  was  he  whose  child  had  died.  So  thus  he  said 
when  he  wanted  that  his  child  should  come  back,  after 
he  had  gone  there  (to  his  cousin).  "Cousin,  it  will  be 
very  good  if  our  (dual)  children  come  back  on  the  fifth 
day."  Thus  he  said  to  his  friend.  "Not  so,  cousin!  Just 
eat,  and  you  will  become  light-hearted."  Thus  he  went 
on  saying.  "I  had  intended  that  our  (dual)  children  should 
come  back,  but  you  did  not  want  it  so.  Now,  whenever 
a  person  dies,  he  will  never  come  back  again,  because 
you  did  not  want  it  so.  It  was  very  good  that  you  told 
me  so."  Then  he  thought  thus:  "It  was  very  good  that 
he  said  so.  A  man  would  have  come  back  on  the  fifth 
day,  if  he  had  said  so."  It  would  be  very  good  if  a  man 
who    had  already  died  could  come   back  on  the  fifth  day. 

Here,  then,  it  ends.  Such  is  the  story  (as  it  happened) 
long  ago. 


44 


MISCELLANEOUS  TALES. 

8.  The  Pelican  and  the  Sea-Gull  [Lozuer  Umpqiid). 

Squ'ma  "t  kumi'ntc  ta'iJ  inq!a'ltc.  Pi^'tsis  tsim  "} 
xi'iitma.  Stim  t'kwa'^tx  h^tla''.  "f  waa'a^n  Iqal'o'ma. 
"Nictcftcanx  tanx  qo'x^m  ta^yaxa'?  Nictci^tcanx  tanx 
ku'  qaa^t!l  inqlaVtc?"  "1  s'^atsftc  waa'.  "Kumfntc  his 
natc  tE  s^a't  \.W^\  Pi'^tsis  "t  ya^'xaJtc  litlayu'^^i."  Atsftc 
txii  waa''.  "Si'n^xyanx  fttlaya^  "Inx  natc  Ll'wis."  Atsftc 
waa'a^n  ants  Iqako'ma.  "Ha'q  "t  kumfntc  ya^'xa'tc  tit!a- 
yu^'^'.  Owatc  Llxu^yun  ha'q,  "t  s''as  ata's  Lixu'yun." 
S'^atsftc  waa^a"n  ants  Jqako^ma. 


lo  Si'-a'tsa  ants  Jqako'ma  "t  pf'tsis  ta'yaxa'.  Tcl'klyac- 
L!a'^^  sinqla'"  "1  waa^a^n  squma'.  "Tsfk!ya  his,  ya-'^'xa' 
li^t!a'  pi^'tsis.^  Lixu'yun  qna,  inqla'itc  hitc  ta^^yax,  4 
ya^'xa^  sinq!,  nfctcim  kumfntc  ya^'xa^tc  litlayu^^^'  tE  inq!a'- 
a'tc."    —     "Pi^'tsis^nx     ta'^yax,     na'tc^^nx     Li'wis,     It'ia^'anx 

15  si'n'xya,  qna^hamts'nx  wa'xa^sEmts.  Wa'^  ya'tsa  "In  ku- 
mi'ntc  si^nq!a'k  Pi^'tsisin  ta''yax  "in  kumfntc  sfnqla^L" 
Atsi'tc  waa'a^n  squma'  ants  }q!ako^ma.  "1  wan  s^a'tsa 
xni'^^nE  ants  fqlako'ma.  Pi^'tsis  ta'yatli  ants  Iqlako'ma,  "} 
ha'kwi   l't!a'\     TE'q    xawa''    pi'^tsis,    "}  s^'-as  Jitla'yun  ha''q- 

20  yax.      Wa'^   tE'q    mi'k!a,    "i  I'tla'yun  s'''-as.     S'-atsa'tc  nictci- 

'  This  form  seems  to  be   used  in  both  the  absolutive  and  the  objective  cases. 


45 


MISCELLANEOUS  TALES. 

8.   The  Pelican  and  the  Sea-Gull  [Lower    Umpqiia). 

Pelican  does  not  live  in  rivers.  He  always  travels 
(around)  the  ocean  and  gets  food  there.  Then  (one  day) 
Sea-Gull  said  to  him,  "Why  is  it  that  you  are  an  in- 
habitant of  the  sea  [offshore]  ?  Why  is  it  that  you  do 
not  enter  frequently  into  rivers  r"  Then  he  answered  thus : 
"Such  a  region  (the  river)  is  not  good  for  me.  The 
ocean  contains  lots  of  food."  Thus  only  he  said.  "If  you 
want  food,  then  come  to  me."  Thus  he  said  to  Sea-Gull. 
"The  shore  does  not  contain  lots  of  food.  (Only  he)  who 
knows  the  shore  knows  (how  to  obtain  food)."  Thus  he 
said  to  vSea-Gull. 

Thus  (it  came  about  that)  Sea-Gull  began  to  live  in 
the  ocean.  Some  time  afterwards,  (when  Sea-Gull  became) 
hungry,  she  said  to  Pelican,  "It  is  very  good  that  there 
is  much  food  in  the  ocean.  I  know  (from  my  own  ex- 
perience, that,  if  a)  person  lives  in  a  creek,  he  is  very 
hungry,  because  there  is  not  much  food  in  a  creek." 
(So  Pelican  said,)  "If  you  live  in  the  ocean,  and  you  come 
to  me  desiring  fish,  I  shall  always  give  it  to  you.  Not 
even  (once  in)  a  long  time  do  I  feel  hungry.  Living  in 
the  ocean,  I  do  not  feel  hungry."  Thus  Pelican  said  to 
Sea-Gull.  And  then  Sea-Gull  did  thus.  (Thereafter)  she 
always  lived  in  the  ocean  and  ate  mussels.  Whenever 
anything  died  in  the  ocean,  she  would  devour  it  after  it 
had    come    ashore.      Even    though    it  would  be  something 


46 

ma^mu  ants  lq!al*o'ma.      Ts'imstc  tK'c}  ants  lq!al"o'ma  ants 
squma'. 


"t  ^  wan  ha^n'  nft!istun  ha'tc  ants  squma'  tq!al"oa'mi. 
"Na^tc'nx  lIu'  ta^'yax,  ^^I'nx  kumfntc  sfnq!a's.  Wa*' 
5  ya-'^'xa'  hitc,  "1  sqa'k  i't!a'."  Wa'^  ya^'xa'  hitc,  ''\  ts''ha'- 
yun  squma^  S'-as  ha'mtsux  klixO'  iJaya'  ants  it'i'sk'in 
iJa'-'^'.  L!una"''^ya"x  "}  s''"atsl'tc  waa^yun  ants  iqlako'ma. 
"Wa''  ya'tsa  "In  kumi'ntc  xwiY.'tux  inqla'a'tc  wa^'tux." 
Atsftc    waa'a"n    sqOma'    ants    Iqlako'ma.       "  Waxa'yimanx 

lo  cko'tc  Liu'  pi^'tsis,  "^nx  stim  t!i'mct!is."  Atsl'tc  waa'a^'n 
squma'  ants  tq!al-o'ma.  "PictcEm  L!a'^''  "}  txu  ha'us  lit!a- 
yu'^^'  pi''tsis.  Wa.'  ya^'xa'  hitc,  "J  natc  t't!a^'.  Ona'han 
ya^^'xa'  I'kwa'yun  tE  ll'tlal"  S''atsi'tc  waa'yun  ants  }q!a- 
I'o^ma    squma'.      "t    s'a'tsa    tE  pf'tsis  ta^  ha^'qmas  tE  }q!a- 

15  I'o'ma.  "Ha^'qmas'-nx  txO  ta'ls  tsitiyu's."  S'^a'tsa  ta'. 
WiLla^'  Lla'^i,  "1  ha''qmas  tcl'wa  xi'ntmE.  S'a'tsa^x  ta^ 
Wa^'  klixu'  Lla'ya  "J  s'-a'tsa  ta'ls  tE  Iqlako'ma.  Atsl'tc 
si'nxlt.  "Hp'san  kit  wan  waa'yuts  s^atsl'tc."  S'-a'tsa  tE 
tqlako'ma    "1    ha^'qmas    ta'yaxa^  pl'^tsis.      "t  stim  ya'xatc'is 

20  lltlaya'  ha^'qmas.  "}  s^atsl'tc  waa'  ants  squma'.  "Atsi'- 
tc'^nxan  waa'yuts.  Sti'm'-nx  ta'ls."  S'-atsl'tc  waa'  ants 
}q!ako'ma.  "Owa'tcin  ku'  nictci'tc  waa'yuts,  "tn  tEx  lIxO'- 
xu'sun."  Si-^atsl'tc  waa'  ants  tqlako'ma.  "  Nictci'tc' nx 
wa'yaxa"ts     qwatc,     "t'-nx    kumi'ntc    atsl'tc    ha"'vvlsltl    ha'\ 

25  Wa^'  ya'tsa,  "t'nx  stim  ta'ls.  Lt'la''anx  si'n'xyax,  "1' nx 
natc    Li'wis.      Ona'han    t'kwa'yun    ya^'xa'    ll't.'a'."      Atsl'tc 


•  The    preceding   sentence    practically    concludes    this   story;    but   the    narrator's 
fondness    of  repeating    details    has    led    liim    to    add    what    seems    to   he  superfluous 


47 

bad,  still  she  would  eat  it.     Such  was  the  custom  of  Sea- 
Gull.      Pelican  was  Sea-Gull's  own  relative. 

Then^  at  last  Sea-Gull  began  to  believe  Pelican  (when 
he  said),  "If  you  live  near  me,  you  will  never  get  hungry. 
Although  many  people  (live  in  the  ocean),  still  they  (all) 
eat  there."  In  spite  (of  the  fact  that  there  were)  many 
people,  nevertheless  Pelican  killed  [obtained  food].  He 
dipped  out  for  (Sea-Gull)  lots  of  small  fish  on  every  place. 
(Once)  they  two  came  together,  and  Sea-Gull  said  to 
(Pelican)  thus:  "Never  will  I  go  back  again  to  the  creek." 
Thus  said  that  Sea-Gull  to  Pelican.  "I  will  give  you  a 
mountain  near  the  ocean,  there  you  will  raise  children." 
Thus  said  Pelican  to  Sea-Gull.  "In  the  summer-time  it 
is  simply  easy  (to  obtain)  food  in  the  ocean.  Although 
there  are  many  people,  still  they  (all)  eat  (through  the 
efforts  made)  by  me.  I  obtain  lots  of  food."  Thus  said 
Pelican  to  Sea-Gull.  That  is  why  Sea-Gull  lives  near  the 
ocean,  (because  Pelican  told  her,)  "You  shall  keep  on 
living  near  the  breakers."  Thus  she  lives.  During  low 
tide  she  walks  around  near  the  water.  Thus  they  two 
live.  Everywhere  sea-gulls  keep  on  living  thus.  Then 
thus  (Sea-Gull)  thought:  "Well,  he  told  it  to  me."  And 
that  is  why  Sea-Gull  came  to  live  near  the  ocean.  There, 
near  the  shore,  she  always  tries  to  look  for  food.  Then 
Pelican  said  thus:  "They  told  me  that  you  must  stay  here 
always."  And  Sea-Gull  repHed  thus:  "Nobody  said  any- 
thing to  me,  so  how  am  I  to  know  (that  it  is  for)  always?" 
Thus  said  Sea-Gull.  "Somebody  (must  have)  told  you 
something  (else),  that  is  why  you  do  not  always  agree.  You 
will  stay  there  forever.  Whenever  you  want  fish,  you 
will  always  come  to  me.  I  can  get  lots  of  food."  Thus 
spoke  Pelican.     Then  Sea-Gull  said  thus:  "I  doubt  whether 

subject-matter.     I    thought    it    best    not    to    interfere    too    much    with  his  manner  of 
narrating  a  story,  but  to  take  it  down  exactly   as  it   was  told. 


48 

waa'  ants  squma'.  S''atsi^tc  vvaa'  ants  Jqal-o'ma.  "Ta'qan 
tKx  tcaitci'tc  xi'ntmis.  Tci'nt'tc  ha'tct'u'"  "Jn  kumi'ntc  tea 
nfctcis.      Tsi'min  stimk  tals  wa'    ya^tsa." 

Sqa'k  wan  hawa^^     Sqa'k  wan  smit'u''.      S'a'tsatc  nictci- 
5   ma''mu  tE  squma^  wa'nwits  }q!al-oa'ma"x. 

9.  The  Beaver  and  the  Muskrat  [Lower   Umpqua). 

Wa^nwitsaxax     iJa'yax     tE     qwo^txa'     tsimil'aVa"x     ta'. 

Kumi'ntc^^'ax     Li'u     ta'il     hitu'tc.       Lxi'yatc^^'ax     ta'     hltsi^s. 

Wa''  yikt  Lla'-"^',   "ta"x  s''as  tkuma^yun.     "}  qlutcunya't  ants 

(jwo'txa'.  Kumfntc'-^ax  Lxl^yatc'tc  hitsl''.  Tsxaya'^L!a"x, 
10  "l'a"x    xil'xcya'^      Xil*xci^yOtsma"x   a'nts' tc^^'ax   ma^ti.     Tsl'- 

k!ya"x    Llxu^yun     miti'yu'".       Ants     Lxa"yaxa"^ni    pEh'tcya. 

Wa'^    yiktfl-ma    }qa'''tu,    "1    t!E'mxa"n.      S'a'tsa"x    xni'^^nE. 

Waa^yEmx^sta^x.      "S^a'tsans  ta^Is,  ta''yans  iJaya'itl.     Tcik 

wa'^  ya^'xa'  tE  inq!a'i,  "his  tkwa'mlsun.  Sqa''k'-ns  la'kwIsOn 
15   tE     ii't!a'."       Atsftc^ax    waa'^rnxO's.       ""I'-ns    ya^'xa'    k'i'a' 

Ja'kwisun  sqa'k." 


Tcin  hitsfstc  ants  qwo'txa',  atsftc  waa^yutsmE  qlYitc.^ 
"Owa^xtc'-tunx.  L'kwa'yunanx  k"  It'i'a'  sExa"'."  "1  wan 
qwaxtca''  ants  qlutcu'ni.  "1  tcina'^  ants  qlutcu^ni  hitsfstc 
20  "J  kumfntc  waa'^  ants^'^tc  qasLi'O.  Lqa'^'tu  txu  ma^tc 
sima'x"s  ants  sExa^'  waa^yOn.  "}  s'atsftc  waa'  ants  qiu- 
tcu'ni.      "L'ya^tluwlnx    ata^s  tE  maHc  txa'nftcinx."     Atsi'tc 

'  The  following  episode  does  not  seem  to  belong  to  this  story.  It  may  be  an 
interpolation  suggested  by  some  other  myth  (see  Coos  Texts,  p.  174:  and  Eranz 
Boas,  Kathlamet  Texts,   p.  20). 


49 

I  shall  ever  go  anywhere  (else).  (No  matter)  how  long 
a  period  elapses,  I  shall  never  go  anywhere  (else).  I  shall 
always  stay  here,  forever." 

Here  now  it  ends.  This  is  the  finish.  Such  was  the 
custom  of  Pelican  and  Sea-Gull  in  former  days. 

9.  The  Beaver  and  the  Muskrat  {Lower    Umpqiia). 

(Among  the)  people  belonging  to  (the  days  of)  long 
ago  they  two  lived,  —  Beaver  and  Muskrat.  They  two 
did  not  live  in  the  vicinity  of  people.  They  two  lived  in 
houses  that  were  apart  (from  other  dwellings).  No  matter 
how  large  a  place  was,  they  two  (always)  made  a  dam 
around  it.  Beaver  was  married.  Their  two  houses  were 
not  apart  (from  each  other).  Early  in  the  morning  they 
two  worked  repairing  their  (dual)  dams.  They  two  knew 
well  the  art  of  making  dams.  That  other  one  (Beaver) 
was  the  better  [first]  worker.  Even  the  largest  logs  he 
could  cut  into  tw^o.  Thus  they  two  did.  (One  day)  they 
two  began  to  talk  to  each  other.  "Thus  we  two  shall 
always  live,  staying  in  our  (dual)  abodes.  Wherever 
(there  is  a)  river,  no  matter  how  many  there  may  be, 
still  we  two  shall  keep  on  making  dams  in  them.  We 
two  shall  always  get  food  there."  Thus  they  two  kept 
on  talking  to  each  other.  "We  two  shall  always  obtain 
lots  of  fish." 

(One  day)  Beaver  ^  came  home,  and  said  thus  to  his 
wife:  "You  go  down  to  the  river,  and  you  may  get  some 
salmon  in  the  canoe."  Then  that  woman  went  down  to 
the  river  -,  and  when  she  came  back  into  the  house,  she 
said  nothing  to  her  husband.  Only  logs  were  lying  at 
the  landing-place,  (or,  as)  he  had  told  her,  in  the  canoe. 
Then  (after  a  while)  the  woman  said  thus :  "  (The  remains 
of)    your    food    only  are  lying  in  your  tracks."     Thus  his 

4 — COL.    UNV.    CONTRIB.    ANTHROP.    —    VOL.    IV. 


waa'a"n    qayu^ts'-tc.      "  Kwinx  s'-atsi'tc  wa'a's.     Lt'i'a'  wan. 
Ta'llts  "Inx  Iftl'tux  h'la''a."     Atsi'tc  waa'a"n  qasLfutc.^ 


Tsxaya"'  L!a'^'  kumi'ntc^'ax  ''^usl'tc  i/wil.  Xi'l-xcltxa"x 
a'ntsitcx" "  ma'tl.  Wai'  yikt  L.'a'^',  "la^x  tkumai'tx.  S'^a'- 
5  tsa"x  xni'^'nE  ants  qwo'txa'  tsimika'wa^x.  S^'-a  tsfk!ya 
wi'nkit  ants  tsimi'1-a.  S''a'tsa"x  xnl'^^'nls.  M^a'tltc  tK  qwo'- 
txa\  "1  Jimnitcu'ni  ants  tsimi1-a.  S'"a'tsa"x  ta^.  TsfiJi  ^ 
xaLla''  ants  tsimil-a.  Llxu^tx  a'nts'tc  mat!!'.  Kumi'ntc 
sfnixyun    hitc  LiVis   matllyu^stc.      S'-a^tsa   "t  xi'l'xci  tsiLlya^ 

lo  ants  tsimfka,  ni'ctcima^x  k!'na"'n  ants  hitC*  Tsfrn'^ax  ^ 
xawa'a*^  waa^yu'nE.  S'^a^tsa  "1  xaLla^"  tsiLlf  ^  ants  tsimf  I'a. 
S'^a'tsa^x  xnl'^^nE  a'ntsux  ta'.  Wa>^  yikt  Lla'^^S  ^^la^x  mEti'- 
txa^x,  tkuma'yun.  S'a'tsa"x  ta'.  Waa^'mxusta"x  s^'-atsl'tc. 
"Hawai'tux      tE      tsi'Lll,      4^^ns     tslLla't^tux,     t!a^xatc'tuns, 

I  5  nf  ctcim'  ns  kumf  ntc  si'n^xyun  tE  tsinf  Ltsini^L."  ^  S^'-atsf - 
tc^^ax  **  waa'^mxu's.  "  Nathan  4n  tslLliya^s,  nix^ts  "t^nx  txu 
qanfnal  hi'nisiti."  S'^a^tsa  ants  qwo^txa^  "1  kumfntc  tslLll- 
ya^s,  nf  ctcim  Llmak'i^sk'in  tciL  ants  qwo^txa^  "t  txu 
qali'nah^     "t  wan  t!axatc'a^'  ants  tsimi'l-a.      Wa^'  qa^'hantc, 

20  "t  tsiLlai".  "l  wan  s'-atsi'tc  waa'a"n  ta'maxt'tc.  "Ta'maxtin 
ata's  "t  qa'ha^ntc  tsiLla^'."  St!'ma"x  s^^atsa'wa^x  ^^  hfqla^t. 
Kumi'ntc^'ax  Jakwa'ukx  ants  qi'atc.  A'tsa  "}a"x  kiimi'ntc 
histc  ha}\     Tsi^k!ya^'x  wa''sLsya." 

1  Here  ends  the  inserted  episode,  and  the  trend  of  the  main  story  is  again 
taken  up. 

2  By  metathesis  for  a' i!ts'tca"x.  ■'  Should  be  tslUya'. 

*  Beaver  and  Muskrat  have  been  informed  by  some  one  that  their  enemies 
Tsini'Ltsini'L  and  Qula''i-qula"i,  have  come  to  steal  their  wives. 

5  For  tsi'ma"x.  •*  For  ts'iL'.ya'. 

■*  A  small  mammal  living  in  the  water,  whose  identity  could  not  be  ascertained. 
William  Smith  rendered  it  by  otter  from  the  ocean;  while  another  informant 
called  it  a  kind  of  t.itti.e  heaver.  It  is  undoubtedly  the  Chinook  term  for  muskrat. 
(See  Coos  Texts,  tsane'i-tsanc'L  [p.   i8o,  line   lo].) 

8  By  metathesis  for  s^'atsV tca'Kx. 

"  The  Siuslaw  equivalent  for  the   Lower   Umpqua   qa/n'nat. 


51 

wife  told  him.  "Don't  keep  on  saying  so.  It  is  salmon. 
After  a  while  you  shall  eat  salmon."  Thus  her  husband 
told  her.^ 

(Even)  early  in  the  morning  they  two  never  felt  sleepy, 
but  were  continually  working  at  their  (dual)  dams.  No 
matter  how  large  a  place  was,  still  they  two  would  con- 
tinually put  dams  (around  it).  Thus  they  two,  Beaver 
and  Muskrat,  were  doing.  Muskrat,  too,  was  an  expert 
worker.  Thus  they  two  kept  on  working.  The  Beaver 
was  some  sort  of  a  chief,  while  Muskrat  was  second  (in 
rank).  Thus  they  two  lived.  Muskrat  made  arrows.  He 
always  knew  (the  ways  of)  his  elder  brother.  He  did 
not  wish  that  any  person  should  come  to  his  brother. 
That  is  why  Muskrat  was  working  at  arrows,  because  they 
two  had  heard  that  some  people  (were  coming)/  it  being 
repeatedly  rumored  that  they  two  were  going  to  be  killed. 
For  that  reason  Muskrat  was  making  arrows.  Thus  the 
two  who  were  living  there  did.  Even  the  large(st)  places 
they  two  would  close  (by  means  of)  dams.  Thus  they 
two  lived.  (Then  after  a  while)  they  two  said  to  each 
other,  "When  these  arrows  are  ready,  then  we  two  will 
try  to  shoot,  because  we  do  not  want  TsiniLtsiniL  here." 
Thus  they  two  were  always  saying  to  each  other.  "I 
(thus  said  Muskrat)  will  carry  the  arrows,  while  you  just 
take  along  your  knife."  Thus  (it  was  that)  Beaver  did 
not  have  any  arrows,  because  his  hands  were  too  small. 
So  he  only  carried  a  knife.  Then  Muskrat  began  to  try 
(to  shoot).  He  shot  ever  so  far.  Then  said  of  him  (his) 
brother-in-law  (Beaver),  "My  brother-in-law  is  simply 
shooting  far."  There  they  two  thus  intended  to  begin 
(defending  themselves).  Their  (dual)  wives  were  not  (going 
to  be)  taken  away  from  them.  That  is  why  they  two  were 
not  light-hearted.      They  two  were  very  angry. 

10  For  s^atsa'a"x.  "   Instead  of  iva'sLsaL 


52 

"Ja"x  wan  yaxi'xu"n  ants  tsini'Ltsini^L.  Tsimi'1-a  ^'^\ 
Lxatft  qo'xm's,  "1  qaa'  s'^xa^'tc.  Nfctcat!a"x  sfn'xyun 
a'nts"x  hitc  Liu',  ni'ctcima"x  Lixu'yun  wa'nwits  lakwaTittx- 
a"x  la'tc^^'ax  qlYitc  ta"x  tsimi'l'a  qwoa'txa'^^ax.^  Kumi'ntc^'^x 
5  si'n'xyun  a'ntsux  hitc  LiO^  Tsi'k!ya  wa'sL'sya  ants  tsimi'l'a. 
KO'  nictci'tc  Lxa'wil  ants  qwo''txa'.  S^atsa'wa^x  hi'qla't 
a'ntsux  lakwaYikx  ants  qiTitc.  Kumi'ntc^ax  ta'is  sfn^xyun 
ants  qiutcu'ni.  Mita'tc^^ax  ants  tqulu' "  waa^  "  WanVits 
T.iu'  ants  tsini'Ltsini^L."     Atsi'tc  waa'a^^tsniE  ants  mat!i'  ants 

lo  tsimi'l'a.  "}a"x  wa'nwits  ants  qiutcu'ni  aqa'q.  "t  waa' 
ants  tsimi'1-a.  "Kumfntc  tE'q.  Kwinx  qiutca'tis."  "1  ku- 
mi'ntc  Lxa'wil  ants  mat!i'.  "t  waa'a"tsmE  matli^  "Oa''ia"x 
wan  lakwi'ni.  Kumfntc  na'tc^'ns  si'n'xya  tE  qiutcu'ni.^ 
Kumi'ntc   tE'q.      Kwins  qiutca't."      Atsi'tc  waa'  ants  qwo'- 

15   txa^      Atsi'tc^^'ax  waa'yEmxust. 


"la"x  wan  fakwa^ku^n  ants  qiutca'ni  a'nts^x  tsini^LtsiniY. 
Txu  wa''sLsit  ants  tsimfka.  "La'kutsxats  qi'utc !"  Atsi'tc 
waa'  ants  tsimi'1-a.  Wanx*  Lixu'tx  ants  hitc  Liu^  Pi''tsis- 
tc^^ax    Liha'un    ants    qiutcu'ni.      Kumfntc^ax    iJxu'yun  qa'- 

20  ha'ntc  xintmu'^i.  Tci'k^^ax  ta\  ^la^x  sti'm^^'ax  ta^,  wa^' 
ya'tsa.'^  Kumfntciix  tea  ni'ctcil.  Tkuma^'txa^x  a'ntsux 
inqla'a'.  "J  sqa^k  i-i'wis  ants  h't!a^  Tsi'klya  Llxu'yOn 
xil'xcyu"^  ants  tsimfl'a.  Wa^'  yikti'l'ma  Iqai^'tu,  "t  tlEm- 
x"na'^^'u^»n,    tci'k^ax   tkwami'yus  Lla'^^i.      A'tsa  "}a"x  xni'^^'nE 

25  ta'ya^x.  S'^atsa^tc^ax  nictcima^mu  tE  tsimi'1-a.  Tsi'k!ya 
Lixu'yun  xikxcyu'". 

'  Foi-  qwoa'txd^a"x.  2  Instead  of  tquia'. 

^  Singular  for  plural.  *  Beaver  and  his  father-in-law. 


53 

Then  at  last  they  two  saw  TsinlLtsiniL.  Muskrat  jumped 
way  into  the  water,  and  went  into  a  canoe.  They  two 
wanted  to  fight  those  two  (TsinlLtsiniL  and  OulaiLqulaiL) 
people  who  came,  because  Muskrat  and  Beaver  knew 
already  that  their  (dual)  wives  had  been  taken  away  (from 
them).  They  two  did  not  want  those  two  people  to  come 
(near).  Muskrat  (especially)  was  very  angry,  while  Beaver 
said  nothing.  Those  two  women  who  had  been  taken 
away  (from  them)  intended  to  (run  away,  because)  they 
did  not  wish  always  to  stay  (there).  Their  (dual)  father 
shouted,  "TsinlLtsiniL  came  long  ago!"  Thus  said  Muskrat 
to  his  elder  brother.  And  after  the  two  women  had  run 
away,  Muskrat  said,  "It  is  nothing.  You  will  never  have 
a  wife  (again)."  And  the  elder  brother  said  nothing. 
Then  he  said  (again)  to  his  elder  brother,  "Let  them 
take  (the  women).  These  women  do  not  like  us  two. 
It  does  not  matter.  We  two  have  no  wives."  Thus  said 
Beaver.     Thus  they  two  were  saying  to  each  other. 

So  those  two,  TsinlLtsiniL  (and  OulaiLqulaiL),  took 
away  the  women.  Muskrat  was  simply  angry.  "Ye  two 
take  your  women!"  Thus  said  Muskrat.  They  always 
knew  (whence)  these  people  (had)  come.  They  took  the 
women  to  the  ocean,  who  did  not  know  (how  far)  the 
journey  (took  them).  But  they  two  (Beaver  and  Muskrat) 
remained  forever  where  they  had  (always)  lived.  They 
two  did  not  go  anywhere,  but  kept  on  making  dams  in 
the  rivers,  so  that  food  would  always  come  there.  Muskrat 
knew  well  how  to  work.  Even  the  biggest  logs  he 
(could)  cut  into  pieces,  wherever  they  two  were  making 
dams.  Thus  they  did  as  they  lived  (there).  Such  was 
their  (dual)  custom,  (that  of)  Muskrat  (and  Beaver).  (They 
two)  knew  very  well  how  to  work. 

5  The  preceding  sentence  seems  to  express  the  narrator's  personal  opinion. 


54 

S^a'tsa    "ta"x    kumi'ntc    Lxi'yatc  ta^     Ti'mwa^^x  ta',   wa*' 

ya^tsa.         Pictcima''      iJa'-'^',      "}^a"x      stim      yaxa^'tc      xint. 

Sti'ma"x    tirmctlya.^     S^^a'tsa^x   xnf'^^nE.      Kumi'ntc^^ax    tea 

ni'ctcil.       Stl^m'"nx  ~    ta',    wa''    ya^tsa.      Ya^^xa'tc''nx    h^t!a'. 

5    Ta^qnis  htlaya'tc  ants  hitsf'. 

"}  ants  q"L!i''tc  kumi'ntc^^ax  si'n'xyun  lI'u  ta'is,  ni'ctcim 
xiya'"  Jitlaya^  ants  q"L!i''tc.  Ha'^natc  a'^sxa  li't!a'  tE  s'^a 
q"L!i'tc.  Lt'i''sk'in  l't!a''.  A'tsa  "1  kumi'ntc  sfn-xyun 
qwoa^txa'  ants  q"L!i'tc.  Tf  mwanx  -  wan  ta''  inqla'a'tc. 
lo  Ha'^natc^^'ax  ll't!a'  tE  qwo'txa'.  S'-atsa'tc  nictcima^mO  tE 
qwo'txa'.  Hank!  hl'tc'^tc  nictcima^mu  tE  qwo'txa'.  S^a'tsa"x 
"t  kumi'ntc  tE'q  s'^^a'^na^x  a'nts^x  qlutc'^wa'ni  anxa'xa^'nE.^ 
Atsl'tc^^ax  waa'yEmxust  wan. 


S'^atsl'tc^^ax      waa'xam      a'ntsux     lokwi'xamhx  ^     qf  utc. 

15  "Kumfntc^nx  tE'q.  Kumfntc^nx  tea  eil-xll."  Atsi'te^'ax 
waa''  ants  xa'tslu  tExmu'ni.  Kumi'nte"'ax  tE'q  Llx^'wax". 
TxuVa"x  tkOma'yun  inq!a'i  k!exu'  Llaya^  S'^atsa'te^^ax 
nieteima^mu.  S'^a'tsa  ants  qwo'txa'  "}  kiimfnte  tea  eil'xiJ, 
wa''  ya'tsa.     S'-a'tsate  nieteima^mu  tE  qwo'txa'  tsimil'aVax. 

20  Ti'mwa"x  ta'yaxa'. 


Sqa'k  wan  ata's  hawa'^ 

10.  The  Man  who  Married  the  Bear- Woman  ^  [A /sea). 

Wa^'a^tsma"x    mita    ants   tiamei'kma.      "PiulaVax^xun." 
S'^atsi'te'^'ax  waa'^tx  "  ants  mila.      "Ku'ts  qa'ha'nte  tqa"'wite 

1  Instead  of  t!i'vict!a'.  2  Includes  Beaver,  Muskrat,  and   their  children. 

3  Because  of  Beaver's  human-like  manners,  his  two  wives  did  not  care  about  him. 

*  Instead  of  lahivl'xanihx. 

*  An    Alsea   myth   told   in    the   Lower   I'mpqua  language. 


55 

They  two  did  not  live  apart.  They  always  staid  together. 
Towards  summer  many  began  (to  stay)  there,  and  they 
two  raised  children.  Thus  they  two  did.  They  two  did 
not  go  anywhere,  but  staid  there  forever.  They  had  lots 
of  food,   (so  that)  the  house  was  full  of  food. 

And  they  two  did  not  want  the  Otter  always  to  stay 
near  (them),  because  he  would  take  (away  their)  food. 
That  Otter's  food  (was  always  that  which)  belonged  to 
some  one  else.  He  ate  small  fish,  and  for  that  reason 
Beaver  did  not  like  Otter.  Now  they  (all) "  staid  together 
in  the  river.  Different  was  their  (dual)  food,  (that  of) 
Beaver  (and  Muskrat).  Such  was  Beaver's  custom.  His 
manner  was  like  (that  of  a)  person,  and  for  that  reason 
those  two  women  who  were  given  up  did  not  care  about 
(either  of)  them  (dual).^  For  that  reason  they  two  thus 
talked  to  each  other  (namely,  to  let  these  women  go). 

Thus  was  told  (each  of)  these  two  (Beaver  and  Muskrat) 
whose  wives  were  taken  away  from  them :  "  You  shall 
be  nothing.  You  shall  move  nowhere."  Thus  these  two 
men  were  told.  And  they  two  knew  nothing  (else).  They 
two  just  closed  up  rivers  (by  means  of  dams)  everywhere. 
Such  became  their  (dual)  custom.  That  is  why  Beaver  never 
moves  (around)  anywhere  (else).  Such  became  the  custom 
of  Beaver  and  Muskrat  while  they  two  lived  together. 

Here  only  it  ends. 

lo.  The  Man  who  married  the  Bear- Woman  '  {Alsea). 

Two  grown-up  (male)  children  said  (once)  to  their  (dual) 
father,  "We  two  intend  to  go  out  hunting."  And  thus 
(also)    they  two  said  to  their  mother.      "Don't  ye  two  go 


^  The  use  of  the  objective  form  -a't.v  in  this  connection  is  incorrect,  because  this 
suffix  indicates  that  the  object  forms  an  integral  part  of  the  subject.  The  suffix 
-utsmE  should  have  been   used  here. 


56 

qa'tc'-nis.  Ku'ts  k'i'a'  ya^xyun."  Waa''txa"x  a^nts'-tc^^ax 
mila.  "Ha".  Kumfntcxun  qa^ha'ntc  tea  ni'ctcis."  "la^x 
wan  qa^tc''nt. 


"}a"x  wan  lIu'  inqla^itc.  Atsftc'^ax  waa'yEmxust.  "Ku'ns 
5  qa'ha'ntc  hi'nisiti  sl'xa^  Ta'^k''-ns  aya^qa'ti  tE  sfxai."  "t 
waa^'tx  ^  ants  m"u'sk".  "Ha°.  Ta^'k^ns  aya'qa^ti  sl'xa'." 
"ta"x  wan  qa'tc'^nt.  Ya^^xa"x  L.'ona^'  a'ntsux  qatc^nftx. 
"Ya^'xa'  k'i'a'  tqa"wi'  k^na.  Oaiha'n  It'iV  ta'."  "k"x 
wan  xint.  Tqa"wi'tc^^ax  lIu^  qa'ha^ntc.  "la"x  qnu'hun 
lo  t!lyayE'ml  txa^n^.  ^  s^atsftc  waa^a^n  ants'^tc  m^u'sk". 
"S^as  k"na  c"xri'yOn  ants  h'l'a'."  Ku'  tcik  ya'xa't^  ants  t!l. 
"Ja^x  wan  xint.  "}a"x  wan  qa^ha''ntc  tqa"Vitc  LIu^  S^kwftc 
t!fwax    txa^n^    ants    t!l.      TcfwanE    ha*'qiqyax,    "1  iJa'qf^tc 


ants  txain 


15  "la"x  wan  xint.  "la"x  yaxfxun  ants  It'i'a'.  T°watci'- 
tcuna"x  wan.  "1  waa^a^tsmE  ants  m"u'sk".  "Ta'^k'^ns 
aya'qyun  tE  It'iV.  Tqa"wi'tcins  kli'nk'itux."  Waa'^tx  wan 
ants  m^u'sk".  "Ha"."  Yaxi'xuna"x  waha'ha"n  ants  tt'i'ai. 
"la"x    tcaqa'qa"n.     "1    waa'a^tsmE    ants    m"Li^sk".      "Ti'k^nx 

20  ta'is.  Klink'ya'waxan  tqa"wi'tc  k"  waha'wax."  "t  wan 
waha'ha^n  qa'msk"tc.  "Kwinx  qa^ha'ntcis."  —  "Ha", 
Lfmqan  tci'ntux." 


"t    wan   xintft.      "1  yaxi'xu"n  ants  k'i'a'.     "i  xint.     Tsf- 

'  The  use  of  the  objective  form  -ai/x  in  this  connection  is  incorrect,  because  this 
suffix  indicates  that  the  object  forms  an  integral  part  of  the  subject.  The  suffix 
-TiismE  should   have   been  used  here. 


57      • 

way  up  the  stream.  Ye  two  won't  see  salmon  (there)," 
(said  their  mother  to  them.)  Then  they  two  kept  on 
saying  to  their  (dual)  mother,  "All  right!  We  sha'n't 
be  going  far  anywhere."     Then  they  two  started. 

Then  they  two  came  to  the  river,  and  thus  began  to 
talk  to  each  other.  "We  two  sha'n't  take  our  (dual) 
canoe  far  off.  Here  we  two  shall  leave  our  canoe."  And 
(the  elder  one)  said  to  his  younger  brother,  "All  right! 
we  will  leave  our  (dual)  canoe  here."  So  they  two  went. 
And  as  they  two  kept  on  going,  they  talked  a  great  deal. 
"Lots  of  salmon  seem  to  be  upstream.  Salmon  live  far 
(upstream)."  Then  they  two  kept  on  going,  and  came 
way  to  the  upper  (part  of  the  river),  where  they  two 
found  the  tracks  of  a  bear.  Then  (the  elder  one)  said 
thus  to  his  younger  brother:  "Perhaps  he  has  scared  away 
the  salmon."  Nowhere  (could  they  two)  see  the  bear. 
So  they  kept  on  going  until  at  last  they  came  way  up- 
stream. Very  fresh  were  the  tracks  of  that  bear.  Having 
(recently)  come  ashore  from  the  water,  her  tracks  were 
still  wet. 

So  they  two  kept  on  going  until  they  two  saw  some 
salmon.  So  they  began  to  spear.  And  (the  elder  one) 
said  to  his  younger  brother,  "We  two  will  leave  these 
salmon  here.  We  two  would  (better)  go  and  look  (for 
some)  up  the  river."  And  the  younger  brother  kept  on 
saying,  "All  right!"  (So  they  two  went  on,  and)  saw 
again  some  salmon.  They  two  began  to  spear  them. 
Then  (the  older  one)  said  to  his  younger  brother,  "You 
stay  here !  I  think  I  will  go  again  to  look  for  (more) 
upstream."  Then  his  younger  brother  said  to  him  again, 
"Don't  go  far  away!"  —  "All  right!  I  shall  soon  return," 
(he  answered.) 

Then    he    kept   on  going.     He  saw  (some  salmon),  but 

2  Singular   of  dual. 


58 

k!ya  hi'^sa  ants  k'l'a'.  "1  tqa^'witc  ya'q"ha't.  Yaxi'xu^n 
ants  qlutcu'ni  skwaha''.  Skwaha^'  ha^'qmas  tci'vva.  Hi's 
s"kwi'tc  ants  qlutcO'ni.  Sqa'k  Liu".  "1  txu  xa'u  stim. 
KQi  Llxu'x^tc  ha'\  "!  kwisfs  ci'kxun  qlOtc^wa'ni. 
5  "Kwl'sEm!  Tca^xumans,  tca'xumans  hitsi'stcin !"  S'-atsI^tc 
waa'a"n.  "}a"x  wan  tca^xa^t.  "  H'ya'nyutsanx  hltsi'stcln." 
Atsftc  wi'Jun  tExm"wa'ni.  "Ha"."  "}  wan  Liu'utsmE 
hltsfstc  ants  tExmu'ni.  "Tl'k'n  tE  ta'.  OasL^utsanx  qna." 
"}  wan  wllwa'  ants  tExmu'ni.  Ha'^na  haO'ul  ha'^  ants 
lo  tExmu^ni. 


"1  qa''nust  a'nts'^tc  m^u^sk".  "Nfctxan  k"  a^ntsin  mat!f 
tE  ku'  tci'nil?"  4  wan  qa'tc^nt  tqa^wltcftc  ants  t!amci'l*ma. 
"J  yixa'yun  t!lyayE^mt  txa'n^  ya-'^^'xa.  Winx  tsfk!ya.  Atsl'tc 
crnxit.      "Lakwa'ku"n    k^na    t!fya^  a^ntsin  matlf."     H  wan 

15  tca^xa"t  ants  tlamcrkma,  "1  qatx  ants  tlamcri'ma  tcEnftc 
xint.  Ha'nt'itx  mat!f.  Tli^ya'  lakwa'kul  ants  mat!i^ 
Ha^qa^q  wan.^  "la^x  stIm  qa^txast  ants  tExmu^ni  qayu^- 
tc'^tc^ax.  "Tll'ya'  lakwa'ku"n  a'ntsin  mat!l'.  Waa^a"tsin, 
tai'k'n    ta'is.       'Tqa"wi'tcin    k!i'nk1tOx    tiL.      Ya^'xa'    k^na 

20  It'i'a^  tqa^'wi.'  Atsi'tcin  waa'a^ts.  "In  wan  qa'tc^nt  tqa"- 
witcftc,  "Jn  ata^s  t!iyayE^ml  txa'n^  ya^'xa'  qnu^hu"n.  "In 
sqa^tEm  txu  xwiLla^L!.  Wi^nxin."  Atsftc  Llwa^n  ants 
t!amcn-ma.  ""In  s'^atsl'tc  ci'n'xyat!ya.  'T!l'ya'  k"na  lakwa'- 
ku"n  a'ntsin  matll'.'" 


25        "Ja"x    qa'txast    ants    tExmi'l'ma.     Ya^'xa"x   qa'txast  ants 


'  Literally,  hk  goes  ashore. 


59 

(still)  he  went.  Those  salmon  were  very  good.  (Suddenly) 
he  looked  upstream,  and  saw  a  woman  standing.  She 
was  standing  near  the  water.  That  woman  was  exceed- 
ingly pretty.  When  he  arrived  there  (where  the  woman 
stood),  he  just  (dropped)  dead  (from  sheer  surprise).  He 
did  not  know  (what  was  going  on  in)  his  mind.  And 
when  he  awoke  (from  his  surprise),  the  woman  was  shaking 
him.  "  Wake  up !  Let  us  two  return !  Let  us  two  go 
back  to  my  house !"  Thus  she  told  him.  So  they  two 
went  back;  (and  the  woman  said  to  him,)  "I  will  take 
you  into  my  house."  And  the  man  agreed  with  her  thus : 
"All  right!"  At  last  the  man  came  to  her  house.  "Here 
I  live.  I  will  make  you  my  husband."  And  the  man 
agreed.      She  had  changed  the  mind  of  that  man. 

(In  the  mean  while)  his  younger  brother  began  to  get 
tired  waiting.  "  What  may  be  (the  reason  that)  my  elder 
brother  does  not  come  back?"  Then  that  grown-up  (male) 
child  went  upstream.  He  saw  lots  of  bear-tracks.  He 
became  very  much  afraid,  and  kept  on  thinking  thus : 
"Maybe  a  bear  has  seized  my  elder  brother!"  So  that  boy 
went  back,  and  as  he  went  back  he  cried.  He  kept  on 
calling  (the  name  of  his)  elder  brother ;  but  the  bear  had 
seized  his  elder  brother.  Finally  he  came  home,  and  there 
the  man  (father)  and  his  wife  began  to  cry.  "A  bear  seized 
my  elder  brother.  He  told  me  that  I  should  remain  here, 
(saying,)  'I  will  go  upstream  a  while  to  look  for  (salmon). 
(There)  may  be  plenty  of  salmon  upstream.'  Thus  he 
told  me.  Then  I  (too)  went  up  the  river,  but  I  found 
only  lots  of  bear-tracks.  So  I  just  turned  back  from 
there,  (because)  I  was  afraid."  Thus  the  boy  related. 
"Then  I  was  thinking  thus:  'Maybe  (that)  a  bear  has  taken 
away  my  elder  brother!'" 

Then    those    two    old    people  began  to  cry.     They  two 


6o 

tExmi'l'ina.  "J  waa'  ants  tKxmi'l'ma.  "  Yaxatc'a"'witin 
t!amc  kl'-'Lu."  Atsftc  waa'  ants  tExmfl-ma.  "J  wan  hi'- 
qla'tanx.  Ya'xatc'a'a"  ants  t!a'mctc.  "}'=^nx  wan  sqa^k 
Liu'.  "Oa'tkin  tE  a'qa'qa"ts.  'Ti'k^nx  ta'ls,  tqa^wftcin 
5  k!ink'ya\vax.' "  "t'''nx  wan  tqa"w!tci'tc  klfnk'it.  "Inx  txu 
tllyayE^ml'  txa'n^  yixa'yun.  Ya^'xa'nx  tllyayE^mt  txa'n* 
qnuhu'yun.  Stfm'^nx  yaxatc'a'wax  hfqia't,  kwinx  tclk 
qnuhO'yun  txa'n^.  "1  s^atsi'tc  waa'  ants  tExmfkma. 
"Ni'ctcan  tEx  nictca'wax?  Xwi'Lltunl.  Mfk!a  k"na  tll'ya^ 
lo  lakwa'ku"n  ta'kin  t!amc."  "Inx  wan  tca'xa^t,  "tnx  wan 
tcPn   hitsi'stc.      "Anxa'xa"n  wan  ta'kin  tlamc." 


Wan  ants  hitc  lokwl'xamyax.^ 

Wa'nwits^ax     ma^tc     qa'yutc'^tc     ants     hitc     lokwi'xam. 
"Kumi'ntc'^nx     s^a^'tisiti     hai\       Ha''nanx    ha^'tuxani    hai\'' 

15  "ta"x  wan  stim  t!i'mct!yax.  "1  s'^atsl'tc  waa'yu'nE  ants  t!l, 
hi'tc'^tc  tsi'nExma  ants  t!i.  "Ja^x  t!i'mct!yax  ya^'xa.  Kf- 
x^tc^'ax  hau'yax  t!amc.  "His  qlOtcu'ni  tsfklya."  Atsi'tc 
ci'nixya  ants  hitc.  Tsi'klya  histc  hai\  H  ya'^'xai  t!amc 
lakwa'un.      Wa^^  yikt  ants  hitsi'',  "1  ta'qnis  k!lx  tE'q  Lxu'is. 

20  Tslxat'a't'  ants  Lxu'is,  H  q!uni''  a'l-do  ants  Lxu'is.  Ku- 
mi'ntc  nictci'tc  ci'nxil  ants  hitc.  Ha^'na  hau'tx  ha^\  S^atsl'tc 
waa'yu'nE  ants  t!l,  hitc  tsi'nixt  ants  t!l.  Haya'mut  l!xu'- 
yun  s^atsl'tc,  "t  Ja'kukyax  hitu'tc  tExmu'nya. 


Sqa%    wan    hawa^'    ata's.       Smut'a't'     wan.       Haya'mut 
25   h'ya'tc    LlxLi'yun    tE    t!l    hitc    qasLi'u    ha'uyax,    hl'tc^^tc  tsi'- 
nExma,  s'^a'tsa  hi'tc'^-tc  nictcima^mu  tE  t!l. 

'  This    sentence    was    interpolated    by    tlie    narrator    to    serve    as  a  sort  of  intro- 
duction to  a  new  chapter. 


6i 

cried  a  great  deal.  Then  the  old  man  (father)  said,  "To- 
morrow 1  intend  to  try  to  look  for  my  boy."  Thus  said 
the  old  man.  Then  (the  next  day)  they  started.  They 
were  going  to  try  to  look  for  his  child.  Finally  they 
arrived  there.  "Here  he  left  me,  (saying,)  'You  stay  here, 
I  am  going  to  look  for  (salmon)  up  the  river.'"  So  up- 
stream they  went  to  look  for  him,  but  they  saw  only 
bear-tracks.  Many  bear-tracks  they  found.  There,  (where) 
they  were  going  to  try  to  look  (for  him),  they  found  no 
tracks  (of  him)  anywhere.  Then  the  old  man  said  thus : 
"(I  doubt  whether  we)  shall  accomplish  anything.  We 
will  return.  Maybe  a  bad  bear  has  taken  away  this  my 
child."  So  they  returned,  and  came  back  into  the  house. 
"I  give  up   my  child,"  (said  the  old  man.) 

(Let  us)  now  (turn  to)  the  man  who  was  seized  (by  the  bear). ^ 
They  two,  the  man  who  was  seized  and  his  wife,  had 
already  lain  down  (together).  "Your  mind  will  never  be 
the  same,  it  will  become  different."  (Thus  said  his  wife.) 
(After  a  while)  they  two  had  children.  And  that  is  why  it  is 
said  of  the  bear,  that  he  is  half  human.  They  two  raised 
many  children.  They  had  ten  children.  "The  woman  is 
very  pretty."  Thus  thought  that  man.  He  was  very  glad 
(because)  he  begot  many  children.  Although  the  house 
was  very  large,  still  it  was  full  of  all  (kinds  of)  dried 
things,  —  dried  blackberries  .  and  also  dried  salal-berries. 
That  man  was  not  worrying  about  anything.  His  mind 
had  become  different.  For  that  reason  it  is  said  of  the  bear 
that  he  is  half  human.  All  know  it  to  be  so,  (because) 
she  had  taken  a  mortal  man  (for  a  husband). 

Now,  it  here  only  ends.  It  is  the  finish.  All  people 
know  that  the  Bear-(Woman)  had  made  mortal  man  her 
husband,  (and  that  because  of  that  she  became)  half 
human,  (and  that)  for  that  reason  the  bear  (even  to-day 
has  the)  manners  of  a  mortal  person. 


62 


II.  The  Lost  Seal-Hunters^  {A /sea). 

Wa'nwitsaxax  Lla^yax  stim  "  tlyu'^^'.  S'^a'tsanx  xnl'^^'nE 
stim  L!a'^'  tiyu'^^'.  Ya'^kuVnx  tO'tca''.  PictcEmtita'  "t^nx 
sqa'k  taya''.  Si^a^tsanx  xni'^^'iiE.  Xa'tslu  si'xa'  stim  ta'- 
yutnE.  Ya^q"hi.su'nE  ants  ya^k^s  L.'a'^'.  Tcik  his  tsxayu'^' 
"^-nx  tu'tca'yOn.  S'^a^tsanx  xnf^^nun.  Wa''  ya'tsa,  "I'^nx 
sqa'k  I'tla''  s'^a'tu'.  Xa'ts!u  hitsf'  ants  tlyO'^^'  L!a'^'  stim. 
PictcEmtlta'  yaxfyusnE  ants  ya''k"s  ^\  xatna'  qayuna'ts'tc. 
"J  qa^LxutnE.  "t  wan  qwaxtca^'tx  hltcu^^^'.  T°watca^a". 
S'^a'tsa  xnl'^^nutnE  wa'nwitsaxax.^ 


lo  Ku'  ya'tsac  Lla^^^  ^\  waha^^  xatna^'  ants  ya'^k^s.  Yaxf- 
yusnE,  qa^LxIsu'nE,  tcfnt^tc  ya^xa*^  xalna^'  qayuna'ts'tc.  "} 
s^atsl'tc  waa'xam.  "Ci'n^x  xaJna^'  ants  ya'^k^s."  "}  a'l^q 
ata's  si'xa'  qwa'xtc'st.  "1  wan  waa'^tx  hitcu'""'.  "Kumfntc 
tE'q,    ni'kiani    qwa'xtc'tOx."      "t'^nx    wan    xint.      "l^-nx    wan 

15  Liu'  qayuna'tsitc.  Wan  xa'ts!u  hitc  ha'skust,  "ta"x  wan 
qa'tc'-nt.  "la^^x  wan  yaxfxun  ants  ya^k"s.  Cfn-'^xtc  ya'xa" 
ants  ya^k"s.  Pk'Itiyu'stc'^nx  Llmlxa'x  ants  ya'^k^s.  Qa'u'- 
tc^ax  skwaha'  tclk  ants  lk!iha"'witc  ants  pk'ftl.  Sqa'tma"x 
yoq^'ya'^^Qn.       "Ats     yiktfl'ma     Lfutux     pk'itlyu'stc,    "J'^nx 

20  tO'tca'yun."  Atsftc"ax  waa'^mxii's  a'ntsux  skwaha'^  Yixa'- 
yuna^x  wan  ants  yikti'l'ma.  "S^anx  ^  tu'tca'yun,  tsa'na" 
Ll'iitux."      Atsftc'^ax  waa'^mxu's. 

'   An  Alsca  myth  told  in  the  Lower  Umpqua  language. 

■-  At  Seal  Rock,  a  promontory  situated  some  twelve  miles  north  of  the  town  of 
Newport. 

3  The  preceding  part  of  this  story  may  be  looked  upon  as  an  introductory 
chapter. 


63 


II.  The  Lost  Seal-Hunters^  (A /sea). 

Many  lived  there "  (in  the  times  of  the)  old  settlers. 
Thus  did  the  people  who  lived  there.  They  speared  seals. 
In  the  summer-time  (only)  they  lived  there.  Thus  they 
did.  Two  canoes  were  possessed  (by  the  inhabitants). 
Many  seals  were  always  seen  there.  When  it  was  a  good 
day,  they  speared  them.  Thus  they  did  it.  They  ate  there 
such  (food)  forever.  The  people  who  lived  there  had  two 
houses.  When,  in  the  summer-time,  seals  would  be  seen, 
then  (some  one  would)  climb  upon  a  rock  and  would 
count  them.  Then  people  would  go  down  to  the  water, 
(so  that  the  seals  might)  be  speared.  Thus  it  was  done 
by  the  old  settlers.^ 

After  a  while  seals  climbed  up  again.  They  were  seen, 
and  counted  (in  regard  to  the)  number  that  had  climbed 
upon  the  rock.  Then  thus  it  was  announced :  "Three 
seals  climbed  up."  So  only  one  canoe  went  out.  Many 
people  said  (that  more  canoes  should  be  taken  along ; 
but  those  in  the  canoe  said),  "It  is  nothing,  we  will  wade 
out  alone."  So  they  went,  and  came  to  that  rock.  Then 
two  people  got  out  (of  the  boat),  and  started  (to  climb 
up  the  rock).  At  last  they  two  saw  the  seals,  (and  found) 
their  number  to  be  three.  Those  seals  jumped  into  the 
lake  (ocean).  And  two  (men)  were  standing  at  the  mouth, 
(or)  where  that  lake  (ended  in  some)  sort  of  a  mouth.  They 
two  intended  to  watch  (the  seals)  from  there.  "When  a 
very  large  (seal)  comes  into  the  lake,  then  you  spear  it." 
Thus  said  to  each  other  the  two  who  stood  there.  Finally 
they  two  saw  a  very  large  (seal).  "That  one  you  spear 
when  it  comes  this  way !"  Thus  they  two  kept  on  talking 
to  each   other. 

■*  Should  have  been  s^a''nanx. 


64 

"}  wan  xumca'c  ^  ants  yiktfl-ma  ants  ya'^k^s.  "t  wan 
waa^  ants  a'l^q  hitc.  "T^^wa'tcis  wan  s'^a  -  yiktfl'ma !"  4 
wan  tO'tci^xam.  Hi'''sa  wan  tO'tcfxam.  "}a"x  wan  xwiLla'L! 
sExa"'tc  ants  xa'tslu  hitc,  "la"x  wan  Lwiti't  sqa'ktci'tc 
5  tcaltci'tc  ants  xint  ants  ya^'k^s.  Kumfntc  qaUia^ntc  xint 
ants  ya^k"s.  "1  wan  skwaha''  ants  hitc  ants  s^as  qata'yun 
ants  Lxau'.  Wa''  ya^tsa,  "t  s'=^as  qata'yfin  ants  Lxau'.  Ku- 
mi'ntc  kati'  xa^'wll  ants  ya'^k^s.  Xa"w'ya''  txu  hicatca'sk'in 
ants  ya^k"s,   "t  wan  qatfyusnE  ants  Lxau^      "t  wan  Jokwf- 

lo  xam  ^  ants  kEp'i's.  "t  wan  iakwa^ku^n  qwatc  ants  I'kwa'- 
yun.  "1  wan  skwa'ha's  ants  hitc.  Lxa^'hinE  ants  hitc 
skwaha^'.  "}  si^as  tO'tca'yun.  Ku*  kati^xti  iJxma^  ants 
ya'^k^s.  Pi^'ts'st  ants  tsxayu'^^',  ku'  xa^'wil  ants  ya^k"s. 
Atsi'tc    wa'a^siin.      "Nictci^tc    tEx    ants  s'^a^tsa  xni^^^nE  ants 

15  ya'^k^s?"  Atsi'tc  waVsun.  Mikla'k!  ants  tsxayu^^^^  Ku^ 
Llxu^xu^su'nE  tcaitci^tc  ants  xint  ants  ya'^k^s.  Kui  kati^xti 
xa^'wil  ants  ya'^'k^s. 


^  Atsi'tc    waa^tx    mati'witc    ants   si'xa*. 

20  "Tcaitci'tc  lo'^l  ni'ctux.  Ku'  a'nxa'su'nE."  Atsi^tc  waa^'m- 
xustx  *  hitCLi'^.^  "  Kumi'ntc  hi''sa.  Oa^ha^ntc  k"na  suna'- 
wax."  Atsi'tc  waa''mxustx  *  hitcu'".  Qaixf  x  ants  Lla"^*. 
Ku'  kati'xti  xa^'wii.  "Nictca'a^  tE'q."  S'^atsi'tc  wa'a^s  ants 
m^'a'ti.      "Tea    lo^l    Li'utux.      Kumi'ntc    mi'kla    ants    tci." 

25  La'kwisu'nE  ants  ya'^k^s.  Wa''  qa^x,  "}  xint.  Atsi'tc  waa' 
a'^q  hitc.      "Nictx  k^'  a'naxa^?"     S'"atsi'tc  waa'  ants  mati'- 


'   The  Siuslaw   equivalent   for   the   Lower   Umpqua  fJu-  TO  COMK. 
2  Should  have  been  s^a''na.  •*   Instead  of  lakun'xam. 

♦  Contracted  from  ivaa^' mxiist^tx. 

5  William    Smith    was    evidently  uncertain  as  to  the  actual  number  of  people  in 
the  boat.     Up  to  this  passage  he  mentioned  only  two,  which  is  in  strict  accordance 


65 

Then  at  last  that  very  large  seal  came  near.  And  one 
man  said,  "Spear  now  that  very  large  one!"  Then  it  was 
speared,  speared  well.  So  those  two  men  went  back  into 
the  canoe,  and  began  to  paddle  in  the  direction  of  where 
that  seal  was  going.  The  seal  did  not  go  far,  when  at 
last  the  man  who  (always)  throws  [hooks]  the  spear  stood 
up.  He  had  been  throwing  spears  for  a  long  time.  But 
that  seal  did  not  come  out  at  all  (from  the  water).  When 
he  did  float  up,  it  was  just  for  a  little  while,  and  then 
that  spear  would  be  thrown.  Then  a  rope  was  seized ; 
and  he  took  (hold  of)  it,  he  who  (always)  held  it.  And 
that  man  was  still  standing.  With  a  spear  (in  his  hand), 
that  man  stood.  He  (was  going  to)  spear  (the  seal). 
He  did  not  entirely  kill  that  seal.  The  sun  (went  down) 
west,  (and  still)  the  seal  did  not  come  up.  Thus  (one 
man)  kept  on  saying,  "I  wonder  what  (makes)  that  seal 
act  so !"  Thus  he  kept  on  saying.  The  weather  began 
to  get  rough,  and  not  for  a  moment  was  it  known  where 
that  seal  (was  going  to)  go.  It  did  not  come  up  at  all 
(to  breathe). 

It  had  orrown  dark  loncj  ag^o.  Then  thus  said  the  sort  of 
chief  of  that  canoe  :  "  I  wonder  where  (the  seal)  will  go  ! 
(But,  no  matter !)  he  will  never  be  given  up."  Then  thus 
the  people'^  began  to  talk  to  one  another:  "It  is  not  well. 
(The  seal)  may  intend  to  dive  far  out."  Thus  people 
began  to  talk  to  one  another.  It  got  dark,  (and  the  seal 
still  did)  not  come  up.  "What  shall  be  done?"  Thus 
the  chief  kept  on  saying.  "  I  wonder  where  he  will  go  ! 
(Still)  the  water  is  not  rough."  The  seal  was  being 
dragged  along  (on  the  rope) ;  and,  although  it  was  dark, 
they  kept  on  going.  Then  one  man  said  thus:  "Suppose 
he    be   given    up  !"      And  the  supposed  chief  of  that  boat 

with  the  original  Alsea  version.     From  now  on  he  relates  the  story  as  if  there  were 
more  than  two  seal-hunters. 

e. — COL.    UNIV.    CONTRIB.    ANTHROP.    —    VOL.    IV. 


66 

witc  ants  sfxa'.  "Tcaltcftc  lo'"l  Li'utux.  iJwa'wanP  wan 
hisO'tc  L.'aya^tc."  Tcik  ants  ta'  ants  ya''k"s,  sqa'k  r.Iu^ 
Wa'^  ya^'xai  L.'a'-^',  4  ta'qnis  yEku's  ants  iJa'^'.  "Oa'ha'ntctanl 
wan."  Atsftc  waa'^tx  wan  ants  mati\vitc  ants  iJa'"'. 
5  "Kwl'tci  ya'k!isiti  ha'."  Stim  wan  iJxmfxam  ants  ya^'k".s. 
" Ha^'citunl'  wan.  Wanl '^  txu  tsima'st."  Yixa''  wan  ha'cjtc 
ants  L!a^'''.  "f  s''^atsi'tc  waa''tx  matlyu'"  "Uu'wa  k"na 
inqla^itc  tK  ta'  tic  ya^'k"s  ya^'xa.  Ha''qtuni:  -  wan  txu." 
"l^nx  wan  Lwitft.  Yixa'^  wan  ants  inqla'a'  lk!iha"Vitc. 
lo  Kumi'ntc  mfk!a  ants  tsxayu^^^'.  S'Vtsa  ants  his  yixa"' 
ants  lk!iha"'witc  ants  inq!a^a'.  i.iTi'wanx  ik!fa'tc.  S^atsftc 
waa'^tx  matlyu^"  ants  si^xa'.  "  Ha''qtunl  '  wan.  Ha''qa^Kanl 
tca^xwItOx."     "^-nx  wan  qaa'. 


Oaa'nx  wan  Ikli'ha'tc.     "J^nx  wan  Liu'  hitu'stc.     Sti'm^nx 

1 5   ha'qa'q.    iJlLlwa'xam  ants  si'xa'.    TEm^^wa'^tx  hitcu'^^'  sqa^k. 

"i  hatc'fxam  atsi'tc.    "Oa'ntcyanx  Liu'?"    Atsftc  hatc'i'xam. 

"Tsi'klya  nakwa'yatin  xni^'na.      T°wa'tcitcyaxa''n  t'^  ya'^k^s, 

"]''n    s^as    hi'nixa^'ts  '^    qa'ha'ntc,    "hi    kumi'ntc    LlxuV'un    tE 

rJa'^',    tcan    tE    lIu'.      Ha^'qa'xan    tca'xa^tux.      Kumi'ntcin 

2o   Llxu'xun   tE  L!a'"'.      "hi   wan   tca'xa"t  ha'^qa'x.      Ki'x'^s  tsxa- 

yu''"    a'ntsin    tcExwi'tc  xint."     S'^atsa^vanx  hl'q!a't.     Li'wa- 

yanx  ^    inqla'itc,    "I'^nx    qnuwf  wus    ya^'xa'    hitcu'^^'.      Tsim 

hatc'a'yu'nE.       "Oa'ntcyanx     xint?"    —    "TcExwftcin    xint. 

Llayatci'tcin    xint    tcExvvftc."      Atsi'tc    waa''    ants    ha'tc'ya- 

25    xa"'tnE.       "i'^nx    wan    xint    tcExwi'tc.       Kwinx    yahx    Li'wih 

'  Conliacled  from  Liu<a'waxaiil.  -  Contracted  from  hc^'qfuxant 

3  Contracted   from   iva'ii'iit  *   For  hi' nyaxa~<ls. 

5  Past   tense   userl   as  denotiniz   the   conditional   clause. 


67 

said  thus:  "I  wonder  where  he  will  stop!  We  are  going 
to  arrive  at  a  good  place."  So  the  seal  (and  his  pursuers) 
came  to  that  place  where  he  lived.  Although  the  place 
was  large  [much],  it  was  nevertheless  full  of  seals.  "Now 
we  (have  come)  far."  Thus  the  supposed  chief  of  that 
place  kept  on  saying.  "Don't  ye  be  small-hearted!" 
There  at  last  the  seal  was  (going  to)  be  killed.  "Now 
we  will  go  ashore,  no  matter  what  kind  of  a  place  we 
(have  come  to)."  So  that  multitude  looked  ashore,  while 
the  chiefs  kept  on  saying  thus:  "Perhaps  near  the  creek 
live  many  seals,  we  will  just  go  ashore."  So  they  paddled 
(in  that  direction  until  they)  perceived  the  alleged  mouth 
of  that  river.  The  weather  was  not  bad,  that  is  why  they 
could  see  well  the  supposed  mouth  of  that  river.  So 
they  arrived  at  the  mouth.  And  the  chiefs  of  that  boat 
kept  on  saying  thus :  "  We  will  go  ashore  now.  Then 
we  will  go  back  along  the  shore."  So  at  last  they  entered 
(the  bay). 

After  they  had  entered  the  mouth  (of  the  river),  they 
came  upon  people.  They  went  ashore  there,  and  the 
boat  was  (soon)  approached  (by  people).  People  assem- 
bled there,  and  (the  chief)  was  asked  thus:  "Whence  do 
you  come?"  Thus  he  was  asked.  "I  am  doing  very 
poorly.  I  was  spearing  a  seal  when  he  took  me  way 
off,  and  I  don't  know  the  place  to  which  I  came.  I  shall 
go  back  along  the  shore,  for  I  don't  know  this  place. 
I  am  returning  along  the  shore.  For  ten  days  T  shall  be 
going  homewards."  Thus  they  were  going  to  start  off. 
Then,  whenever  they  came  to  a  creek,  where  they  would 
find  many  people,  (the  chief  would)  always  be  asked, 
"Whence  do  you  come?"  —  "I  am  going  home.  I  am 
going  home  to  my  place."  Thus  would  say  he  who  was 
being  asked.  So  they  went  homewards,  and  kept  on 
going.      They    had    almost    arrived.      They    were    always 


68 

Tsfm'-nx  wan  s''-atsi'tc  waa'yu'nK.  "Oa^ntcyatc  '  ants  tcE- 
nl'tc  xi'ntr"  —  "Hu'^yaxan.  Pf'tsistcin  hu^'yax,  "I'n  txu 
tsima'st  ha'^qaq."  .  Atsf tc  waa*'  ants  hatc'a'yQtnE.  "1  wan 
tca^xa"tu^'nE  ants  L.'a^^'.  Tcaltci'tc  ants  Liu'.  Nfctcim 
5  sqa'k  Ll'watli  wa*'  ya'tsa.  "1  s'^a'tsa  "}  tca'xa"tu'nE  ants 
Lla"-'^',  ni'ctcim  sqa^k  Ll'wat!l  Jna't.  CayucLa'a  ants  tca^- 
xa^tu'nE  ants  Lla''^'.  "1  hatc'fxam.  "Oa'ntcyanx  tE  tcEnl'tc 
xint?"  —  "Hu'^yaxan.  Ya'^k^^sin  tcaqa'qa"n  "I'n  s^as  qa'- 
ha'ntc  hfnuts.  A'tsan  tE  tcEnftc  xint.  Tsima'stin  txu 
lo  ha'qa'q."  S'^atsftc  Llwa^n  ants  Liu^  H  wan  sqa'tEm  nalft, 
Tsi'klya  phia^'tx  ha^'  ants  tcEnftc  xint.      Nakwa'yatitx  ha'\ 


"1    wan    tern.      Hai'mut   kumfntc  taqai^nat^tc  hfqQi  ants 

L!a'^'.       Ni'ctcim     s^a'tsa     wa'nwitsax.       TE'q^'nx    xawa^'tx, 

"I'^nx    tlEmxLi'yutsmE  hi'qQi."      Atsi'tc  waa'xam.      "A'ck!anl 

15   \i  xau".      S^atsl'tcEnxan  cfnixyuts.      A'tsanxan  "l^nxan  qatx 

ya^'xa."     Atsftc  waa'yusnE  ants  hitc  tcina^'. 


Atsl'tc  wan  ata's.  S'^atsi'tc  wa'nwitsax  hitc,  qaiha'ntc 
hfnyaxa^n  ya*^k"s  tcaqa''tc.  Sqa'k  wan  hawa^'.  S^atsi'tc 
wa'nwitsaxax    nictcima^mO.      S^a'tsa    xni'^nE    wa'nwitsaxax 

20  L!a^^^ 

12.  The  Dreamer^  (A/sea). 

Hitc  qui't'yax  wa'nwits.  Ci'n'xyat!ya  ya^'xa.  Nictci'tc 
ants    asu'',    "t    tsim    s^a    ya'q^'yun.     "t  tsim  s'^atsi'tc  cfn'x- 

1  Evidently  meant  for  qa'nicyanx  whence  THOU. 

2  The   last  two  sentences  contain   an  explanation  ofTered  by  the   narrator. 


69 

asked  thus  :  "  P^rom  what  place  are  you  going  homewards  ?" 
—  "I  got  lost.  I  was  lost  in  the  ocean,  when  I  just 
went  ashore  on  any  kind  of  a  place."  Thus  he  said  when 
he  was  asked.  Now  at  last  he  was  coming  to  his  home 
region.  (He  knew)  where  he  was  coming  to,  because  he 
had  come  there  frequently  for  a  long  time.  That  is  why 
he  could  get  back  to  his  place,  because  he  had  always 
come  there.  The  region  that  had  been  approached  (by 
him)  on  his  way  home  (was  called)  Siuslaw  He  was 
asked,  "From  what  place  are  you  going  homewards?"  — 
"I  was  lost.  I  was  spearing  a  seal,  when  he  took  me 
far  out.  That  is  how  I  (happen  to  be)  going  homeward. 
I  had  just  gone  ashore  (on  I  don't  know  what)  kind  of 
a  place."  Thus  related  (the  man)  who  had  come  there. 
Then  he  started  out  again  from  there.  He  was  very  sorry 
as  he  was  oroino;  homewards.      He  was  down-hearted. 

At  last  he  came  home.  All  (the  people  of)  that  village 
had  no  hair,  because  thus  old-timers  (used  to  do).  When- 
ever a)  relative  of  theirs  died,  they  would  cut  off  their 
hair.-  (Then  the  returning  chief)  was  told  thus :  "  We 
thought  you  had  died.  Thus  we  thought  of  you.  That  is 
why  we  cried  a  great  deal."  Thus  was  told  (each)  man 
who  had  come  home. 

Thus  only  (the  story  goes).  Thus  (it  happened  to  an)  old- 
timer,  whom  a  seal,  being  speared  (by  him),  took  way  out 
(into  the  ocean).  Here  now  it  ends.  Such  was  the  custom 
of  old-timers.    Thus  old-timers  were  (in  the  habit  of)  doing. 

12.   The  Dreamer  =^  {Alsea). 

Long  ago  (there  lived  a)  man  who  was  (in  the  habit  of) 
dreaming    (constantly).      He    was    always  thinking  a  great 

^  An  Alsea  myth  told  in  the  Lower  Umpqua  language.  The  narrator,  while 
retelling  this  story,  omitted  a   number  of  important  details. 


70 

yat!ya.  "Wan  k^'na  ta'kin  s'atsl'tc  a^si's."  Xictcl'tc  ants 
asu''  "1  tsini  ya'q"'\Tin.  Ya^'^'xa'  L!a'=^'  hitc  yixa^yun.  Ya^'xa' 
iJa'^'  hutCLi'"  yixa'yun.  Wa''  yikti'l'ma  ants  iJa^-^',  4  taqa- 
ni'tx  hitu'stc.  iJa'^^'  pEku'"  "J  ya'q"'yun  h'ya'tc  ants  hO- 
tcu'^^'.  "}  tea  Llaya'  k!fna  ya<\a'  hitc.  MKtci'tc^tc  xwa'ka 
ants  iJa'^'.  Ya^'xa'  xii'nha'  L.'a'^^'.  Hiq!aha"'ni  T.!a'=^'  ants 
pEku'^^'  xu'nha'tc'nx.      Hai^mut  iJa'-'^'  tE'q   xu'nhayun. 


Stim  yoq^'ya'wax  ^  hiq.'a't  ants  hitc.  Ha''mut  q!wi'ni 
ants    pEku'"'    L!a'^^      Halu'"    ants  hitc  L!a'^'.      K!ix  tE'q  "1 

lo  xu'nhayun  ants  pEku'"^  l\r^\  Stimk  yaq^'ya'wax  ants 
hitc.  Waa^yutnE  ants  hitc.  "Ya'q"hls'nx  hl'^sa.  Qnfx- 
ts^nx  xni'^nlsun,  ta'nxan  hutcu^^"  StIm  ta'ls  ants  hitc. 
Kumi'ntc  ya^tsa,  "I'^^nx  ha'Qtux  ants  pEku'^'i  L!a'^'.  Ya^'xa'nx 
nictcama''nat'a  hutcu'^^'.     MEqlyu'"'  L.'a''^'.     " Ya^q^^hisutsan- 

1.5  xan  hl''sa,  qni'xts'*nx  xni'^^nlsun."  Hank!  tclktc  ha^'  ~  ants 
hitc  ants  hOtcu''^'  ants  ya'q"'ya.  Ku'  ya'tsac  L!a'^',  "1 
ha'QtOx.  Ha'utux  ants  pEku''''  iJa'"'.  Ha^uwanx  wan 
ants  pEku'^i  Lla'-'^'.  "1  s'^atsi'tc  waa'yutnE.  "Oa''x^nx  a'l-du 
"t^-nx  ya'q^hltOx.     Ya^^xa'nxan  hutcu'',  kumi'ntc'^nxan  a^'sik 

20  Tsi'klyanxan  hr'sa.  S'^a'tsanxan  xni'^^nE."  Wa^'  ya-'^^xa' 
hitc,   "}  hatu'".      " YaVf his'-nx  hr'sa." 


Tci'nta"  nictca^'  ants  hitc,  "1  IhalfyusnE.  S'a'tsa  xnP'- 
nu'"  ants  L.'a'^'.  Ya^^'xa^  Lla'^^'  tsi'Lli.  Ya-^'xa^  L.'a'-^'  pit- 
q"tsu'ni    taha'nik,    hlqu'ni   taha'nik,   tliyu'ni  taha'nik.      Nic- 

'   For  vni/"-ya'7c>(ix.  -  Literally,   kind  nv  somf.whkkk  (is)  his  mind. 


71 

deal.  Whatever  he  was  dreaming-  of,  he  always  saw  it 
(come  true).  So  thus  he  was  always  thinking-;  "I  guess 
it  is  as  I  dreamed  it."  Whatever  he  dreamed  of,  he 
alM^ays  saw  it  (come  true).  (One  day  he  dreamed  that 
an  elk  took  him  to  a  certain  place.)  He  saw  there  many 
people.  He  saw  lots  of  fun  going  on  there.  Although 
that  place  was  very  large,  still  it  was  always  full  of  people. 
And  that  man  saw  many  players  (engaged  in)  shinny- 
games.  And  somewhere  (else)  he  heard  many  people, 
(and,  looking,  he  saw  that)  the  heads  of  those  people 
were  kind  of  falling  (to  one  side).  Many  were  betting. 
Lots  of  dentalia  shells  those  shinny-players  had  as  their 
bets.     They  were  betting  all  kinds  of  things. 

That  man  intended  to  go  there  and  look  on.  All  the 
shinny-players  (had  their  hair  tied  in)  knots.  Many  people 
were  shouting,  as  those  players  were  betting-  all  kinds  of 
thinors.  So  that  man  was  o:oinof  to  watch  there.  He  was 
told,  "You  shall  always  watch  well,  (for)  you  too  will  do 
it,  as  we  here  play."  The  man  kept  on  staying  there. 
Not  long  afterwards  they  were  going  to  finish  that  shinny- 
game.  They  played  many  different  games.  They  danced 
much.  "You  shall  keep  on  watching  us  well.  You  too 
will  do  it  (thus)."  That  man  was  kind  of  glad  as  he 
watched  those  games.  After  a  while  it  was  going  to  end. 
Those  shinny-players  were  going  to  quit.  At  last  the 
shinny-players  quit,  and  he  was  told  thus  :  "  At  night  you 
will  likewise  watch.  We  play  much,  we  do  not  sleep. 
We  are  very  glad  when  we  can  do  thus."  Although 
many  were  the  people,  still  they  were  shouting,  "You 
keep  on  watching  carefully  !" 

Whatever  a  person  did,  he  would  be  shouted  at.  Thus 
these  many  people  were  doing.  They  had  very  many 
arrows,  and  quivers  made  of  raccoon-hides,  and  quivers  made 
of    wildcat-hides,    and    quivers   made  of  bear-hides.      They 


72 

tcama''nat'K  hutcu'"  L.'a'^'.  MEqlyQ'"  Lla'-'^'.  Si^anx  tsi'klya 
Llxu'yun  hutcu'",  a'nts^'-nx  tci'ha'tc  xwa^ka.  Stim  L!a'^' 
hiitcu'^^'.  Tuti'm  "J  mEqlyii'"  L!a'^'.  S'-atsi'tc  waa'yu'nK 
ants  hitc.  "  Kwinx  ya'tsac  L.'a'-'^',  "l^nx  tca'xwitux."  Kumf  ntc 
histc  ha''  ants  hitc.  "Ha'''mut^nx  wan  Jakwa'ku"n,  ta'nxan 
hutca''.  Ona'nxan  ya^q"hisuts,  wa'^  ya'tsa."  Atsftc  wa'a'- 
su'nK  ants  hitc.      "Tca^xwitunx."     "J  wan  tca^xa"t  ants  hitc. 


XwiiJa'L!  wan  ants  hitc.  Lxa'^p'st  tsxayu'^^'  xwiL.'a'iJ 
ants    hitc.      Lxa^p'stya^'tu    "i    wan    tcl'n    hltsfstc    ants    hitc. 

lo  Atsltc  waa'  ants  hitc.  "Wa''  ya^tsa,  "In  ma^qlls."  "1 
waa^a"n  ants  hitc  L.'a^^'.  "TEmu^tuxtci  natc  ha^'mut.  Yaq"'- 
yf'^^yOtsatci  haya^mut,  ni'ctcimin  mEq.'ya'wax."  "t  wan 
tEmu'tx  hitcu'"  ants  L!a'^'.  "t  wan  mEqIa'tx  hitcu'".  H 
wan  waa'  ants  hitc.     "  Mitkwf tQtsin  tsxay^waVi.^    S^a'tsanJ 

15  xnf^^'nis.  Wa''  ya'tsa  "fn  s^a^tsa  xnf^^'nls.  Tsfk!)'a  his 
tE'q  ta'kin  fakwa'kun.  Wa'ni  k!exu'tc  Llaya'tc  xfntmis, 
"t^nl  xnf^'nisltl.  Kumi'ntc^n}  qwatc  kO^nlsuts.  TE'qa^na^nt 
la'kwisun,  s'^a'tsa  hi'^slnl  ha'."  Tsitu'^tc  ha'^  L!a'^'  a'nts'^nx 
tsf mqmatc.    "l^nx  wan  s^'a^tsa  xnf^nE.    Hi^stc  ha'\     Wa'nx 

20  klexO'tc  iJaya^tc  "I'^nx  xi^ntma'st.  "Tci^ktci  hutcu'^,  s^atsa'tci 
xni^^^nls."  S'^a^tsanx  a^nts'^nx  xi'ntma  k!exu^tc  Llaya'tc. 
"Haya^mut  h'yatc  xnl'^nlsun,  tanxan  hutcu^witl."  Wa'  ya'tsa 
"l^'-nx  s'^a'tsa  xwi^^'nls.'-  Tcfnanx  wan  hitsi'stc.  ^^l^nx  ai. 
hutca^tc  hl''sa. 


25        Sqa^k  wan  hawa''. 


'   That  is,   "The  Sun  had  pity  on  me,  and  taught  mc  how  to  play  shinny."' 


73 

were  playing  different  games.  .They  were  dancing.  They 
knew  very  well  how  to  play,  those  whose  heads  were 
one-sided.  Many  played  there,  while  over  there  (across 
the  room)  many  danced.  And  that  man  was  told  thus : 
"After  a  while  you  will  go  back."  That  man  was  not 
glad  (when  he  heard  this).  "You  have  obtained  now  (a 
knowledge  of)  all  (the  games  as)  we  play  them  here. 
We  will  watch  over  you  forever."  Thus  the  man  was 
told  continually,  "You  will  have  to  go  back."  Then  at 
last  that  man  went  back. 

So  that  man  returned.  Five  days  he  was  (on  his  way) 
going  back.  On  the  fifth  day  he  finally  came  back  to 
his  house,  and  said  thus:  "I  shall  keep  on  dancing  for  a 
long  time."  Then  he  said  to  many  people,  "Ye  all  will 
assemble  around  me.  Ye  all  will  watch  me,  for  I  am 
going  to  dance."  And  then  many  people  of  that  region 
came  together.  After  they  had  danced,  that  man  said, 
"The  Sun  had  pity  on  me.^  Thus  we  shall  keep  on  doing. 
We  shall  keep  on  doing  thus  forever.  I  have  obtained 
(a  knowledge  of  some)  very  good  things.  Although  we 
shall  frequently  travel  everywhere,  we  shall  keep  on  doing 
(these)  our  (tricks).  No  one  will  ever  beat  us.  We  shall 
always  win  something,  so  that  we  shall  always  be  glad." 
Many  of  those  his  people  were  glad.  So  then  they  did 
it  thus.  He  was  glad.  They  began  to  travel  around 
everywhere.  "Wherever  ye  play,  ye  will  keep  on  doing 
thus."  Thus  they  were  travelling  around  everywhere. 
"All  people  will  keep  on  doing  it,  (just  as)  we  here  are 
about  to  play  our  games."  Thus  they  kept  on  doing 
(travelling  about)  for  a  long  time.~  Finally  they  returned 
home,  for  now  they  were  playing  well. 

There  now  it  ends. 

-  For  example,  they  visit  many  villages,  where  they  play  shinny,  winning  from 
their  opponents  all   kinds   of  valuables. 


74 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  CUSTOMS  AND  MANNERS. 

13.   How  A  Wife  was  obtained  [Lozver  Ujnpqud). 

Wa^nwitsaxax  Lla'yax.  Kumfntc  txu  qiutcunya't  hitc. 
TExmfl-ma  LlxO'yu'nE  ya^'xa'tc  t!amc.  S^a'tsa  xni'^'nu'nE 
wa'nwits,  ya^'xa^tc  t!amc  hitc.  Hatc'fyusnE.  "Nictci'tc'nx 
ha''?  Si'nixyultxanx  t!amc."  Ku'  ya'tsa  wi'iwit  ants  ha- 
5  tc'a'yuhx  ha'\  "Kumfntc^nx  txu  tluha'uttxanx  tlainc." 
S^atsl'tc  hatc'a'yu'nE  ants  tExmi'l'ma  ya-'^'xa^tc  t!amc.  "t 
wan  wltwa'"  ants  tExmfl-ma.  "Nictcftcin  tEx  na  waVs? 
Tsa'ntci  tu'ha  sf  n'xyun,  "ltd  hatc'a'yul  ha'',  nictci'tc  ^  ha'\ 
Kumi'ntcin  na  nictcl'tc  wa'a^l  pEh'tc  s^a'^na."  Atsl'tc  waa'' 
10  ants  tExmfl'ma.  "  Hatc'a'yunatci,  tsa'ntci  sfn'xyaxa^n  "ltd 
hatc'a'yun."  Atsl'tc  waa''  ants  tExmi'1-ma.  "t  wan  s^atsi'tc 
waa'yusnE.      "Ha",  wa'nxan  -  hatc'a'^un." 


"1  wan  hatc'i'yusnE  ants  qiutcu'ni.  "Nictd'tdnx  ha'' ? 
TExm"wa'ninx  sfn'xyuts.  Atsftc  waa''tx  ta'kinx  mita. 
15  A'tsanxan  tE  hatc'a'yuts  qna."  Ku'  nictd'tc  wi'lwil  ants 
qiutcu'ni,  ha'tc'yaxa"ttx  ha''  ants  qiutcu'ni.  "Kumfntc^nx 
txu  takwa'a".  Tuha'a"nx  ya'''xa."  x\tsftc  waa'yOsnE  ants 
qiutcu'ni.  Kumfntc  txu  la'kwls  qlutcu'ni  wa'nwits.  Tuha^- 
vusnE.      Hi'qla    waxa'yusImE    a'nts^tc    mita    ants    qiutcu^ni, 

'   Contracted    from   inctcl' tc^'tc.  ■'   Contracted   from   li'a' n^'nxaii. 


75 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  CUSTOMS  AND  MANNERS. 

13.   How  A  Wife  was  obtained  [Lower   Umpqttd). 

(In  the  days  of  the)  first  settlers  a  man  did  not  obtain 
a  wife  for  nothing.  (Suppose)  it  were  known  that  a  certain 
old  man  had  many  children.  Then  thus  it  was  done 
long  ago  to  a  man  who  had  many  children.  He  would 
be  asked,  "What  do  you  think?  Your  child  is  wanted." 
He  whose  opinion  was  asked  would  not  answer  for  a  long 
while.  "Your  child  won't  just  be  bought  of  you  (cheaply)." 
Thus  that  old  man  who  had  many  children  would  be  asked. 
Then  at  last  that  old  man  would  answer,  "I  wonder  what 
I  shall  say !  If  ye  want  to  buy  her,  ask  her  what  she 
thinks.  I  will  not  say  anything  (without  having)  first 
(talked  to)  her."  Thus  that  old  man  would  say,  "Ye  ask 
her ;  since  ye  want  (to  buy)  her,  ye  (will  have  to)  ask  her." 
Thus  that  old  man  would  say.  Then  at  last  he  would 
be  told,    "All  riorht!   we  are  oroino^  to  ask  her  now." 

So  finally  that  woman  would  be  asked,  "What  is  your 
opinion  ?  A  man  wants  you.  Your  father  has  been 
telling  us  all  the  time  (to  ask  you).  That  is  why  we  are 
asking  you."  That  woman  would  not  answer  anything 
(at  first),  the  woman  who  was  asked  her  opinion.  "You 
will  not  just  be  bought  (cheaply) :  you  will  be  bought 
with  a  great  deal  (of  valuables)."  Thus  that  woman  would 
be  told.  (In  the  days  of)  long  ago  a  woman  was  never 
just  obtained  (cheaply).  She  used  to  be  bought.  The 
father  of  such  a  woman  would  be  given  dentalia  shells,  — 
very   pretty,   long  (strings  of)  dentalia  shells.      (No  matter) 


76 

tsi'k!ya  his  hatca't  hi'qla.  Tci'nt'-tc  ya'xa"  tK'qtc  ants  qiu- 
tcu'ni,  "J  ha^'mut  waxa^umE.  Atsi'tc  waa'yu'nK  ants  qiutcu'ni. 
"f  wan  wiKvai'.  Lna"'witc  ants  hitc  "J  mi'nqlinu'nE  tsax". 
"1  wan   witwa''  ants  qiutcu'ni.      Kumi'ntc   txO  wl'twil. 


5  S^'-a'tsa  xni^^ni'yQsnE.  Kumfntc  txu  i'a'kwiJ  qiutcu'ni 
wa'nwitsax.  Toha'yusnE  tsl'k!ya  ya^^xa.  S^atsi'tc  wa^n- 
witsax  nictcima'^mwax.  Hitc  sfn'xya  qiutcu'nya,  "1  si^a'tsa 
xni^ni'yusnE.  Sqa'k  wan  ata^s  hawai".  Oiutcna''  hitc,  "t 
ya^^xa*  tE'q  waxa^yQtsmE.     S^atsi'tc  wan  ata^s. 


14.    Invocation  for  Rain  {Lower   Umpqiid). 

10  Klu'^wina^'tx  L!a'^'.  Ya=^'xai  Q'tti  Llayu's.  Na'qutyax 
Lla'^'i',  klu'^wina''  L.'a'^i.  Ku'  ni'ctca  qa'tc^^i}  ants  Lla'-^'. 
Pa^l-u  ata^s  "A  qatcu'^txa'^tnE.  Haya'mut  h'yatc  qatcu'^txa^'n, 
Wa''  ya^'xa^  hitc,  "J  sqa'k  qatcQ^'tx.  Tci'wa  "t  klu'^wina''. 
Ku'   nfctca  tcaitci'tc  ni'ctcil  ants  tiyu'^^'.      Oa"xa''x  k.'u'^wi- 

15  niyO's  qatc'^natu^'^  ants  hitc  L!a'^'.  "1  wan  tExmiha^mi 
Llxu^yOn  ants  wa^nwitsaxax  nictcima'^mii.  4  tquh^yusnE 
ants  tcixni'nE,  "^X  tqOliyusnE  a^hdu  ants  tsxu^npLi.  Lana- 
tli'yusnE,  "Tcixni'nE,  tcixni'nE,  hfn^klitsx  Lla^-^' !  Wa'a's 
tE  mo^luptsinisla !  ^    Hf n'^klitsxats  L!a'^' !    Nakwa'yatyanxan, 

20  nEqu'^txanxan  ya^'xa."  "}  wan  lanatli'yusnE :  "Tcixni'nE, 
tcixni'nE,     hf  n^klitsx    iJa^^' !       Mo'luptsinisla  ^    hi'n''k!itsxats 


1   Alsea  term   for  coyotk. 


11 

how  (large)  the  number  of  relatives  of  that  woman,  all 
(of  them  would  be)  given  something.  And  after  the  woman 
was  told  thus,  she  would  agree.  When  the  man  (who 
wanted  a  wife  was  a)  kind  of  rich  man,  she  would  be 
bought  in  exchange  for  slaves.  Then  she  would  (readily) 
assent,  for  a  woman  in  those  days  did  not  assent  for  nothing. 
Thus  it  used  to  be  done.  An  old-timer  did  not  obtain 
a  woman  for  nothino^.  She  would  have  to  be  bouoht  with 
a  very  great  deal  (of  valuables).  Such  was  the  custom 
of  the  old-timers.  When  a  man  wanted  a  woman,  it 
would  be  done  thus.  Now  here  only  it  ends.  W^hen  a 
man  married,  he  had  to  give  away  many  of  his  valuables. 
Thus   only   (was  it  done). 

14.  Invocation  for  Rain  {Lower   Umpqua). 

(Suppose  the)  ground  were  covered  with  ice,  and  that 
there  were  much  snow  on  the  ground.  (Suppose)  it  were 
very  cold,  and  ice  (had  appeared).  (At  such  a  time)  the 
people  were  not  able  to  drink  (water).  They  could  drink 
(water)  from  the  well  only.  All  people  had  to  drink  from 
it.  Although  many  were  the  people,  still  they  had  to 
drink  there.  But  then  ice  would  begin  to  appear  on  the 
water  (of  the  river) ;  and  those  who  lived  there  could  not 
go  anywhere.  Along  the  surface  of  the  ice  those  many 
people  (were  forced  to)  go.  But  then  (at  such  times  some) 
old  man  would  know  that  (ancient)  custom  of  the  people 
belonging  to  the  past.  (He  would  tell  of  it  to  his  people.) 
And  Coon  would  be  shouted- at,  and  Coyote  likewise  would 
be  shouted  at.  He  would  be  called  by  name,  "Coon, 
Coon,  cause  thy  rain  (to  come  down) !  Speak  to  Coyote ! 
You  two  cause  your  (dual)  rain  (to  descend) !  We  are  in 
straits,  we  are  very  cold."  Then  (again)  he  would  be 
called  by  name:  "Coon,  Coon,  cause  thy  rain  (to  descend)! 


78 

iJa'-'^' !"  "}  wan  hi'n'^klya  i,!a'^'.  Haya'mut  h'yatc  ha'ninl- 
t!un.  S'^a'tsa  "}a"x  tciuh'yusnK,  "t  wan  hin''k!ya''tx  L!a'^''. 
S^'-a'tsa  "1  tqulri''nK  ants  tkwa'myax  ants  inq!a'a'. 


Sqa^k  wan  hawa''.     Smit'u''  wan  sqa'k.     Ta'kin  iJxu^yun. 


15.   Description  of  a  Shinny  Game  [Alsea). 

5  OiunEmai'  L!a'^'  pEkO'ya  xaLla^'  L.'a'^i.  K!ix  tE'q  xaL!a'- 
yu'nE  ya^'xa.  TsiY!i  Lla'-'^^  "1  xaLla^yutOE.  Si'-a'tsanx 
xni'^^'nE  tE  Lla'^i  tiyu''^''.  Pakwa^'tx  hitcu'"  tE  L!a'^'.  K!ix 
tE'q  "}  xunha'yu'nE  ants  pakwa'^tx  hitcu'".  WaanaVisa"x 
ants  m^a^ti.     "Hr'sans  hu'tcls.     Hu'tcyans/  "Ins  his  hu^tcls. 

10  Atsi'tc'^nx  wa'a'siti  tsfmqma."  Atsftc^'ax  waana^wa  a'ntsux 
hi^qlya  pakwa'wax.  Wfiwis  ants  Lxa^yaxa^'ni.  "His  wan 
tsfk!ya.  Alqa'tc^ns  Llaya'  ta\  a'tsanl  kumi'ntc  mi'kla'na 
sin'xna'wls,  hu'tcyanJ." "  Atsftc^^ax  waanawa'"  a'ntsux  pa- 
kwaSvax  hfq!ya.   Hiq!aha"'ni  ants  xu'nha'  ha^'tsl.  Atsftc^^ax 

15  waanawa'"  a'ntsux  hfq!a^tyax  p"kwa''t.^  K!lx  tE'q  "1  xu'nha^ 
hawa'yu'nE.  PEsa^x  iJa'^'  "t  xu'nha'  hawa^yu'nE  ants  pu- 
kwa^'  ■*  Lla'^i'.  Si'-a'tsa  xnf^^nls  ants  L.'a'-^'  a'nts^nx  pukwa^'. 
Watc  LixLi'yun  Lxatu'^^',  "1  s'^a  tsl'k.'ya  kunu^tswa  pEku^^s 
iJaya'.      Si^a'tsanx    xni^nai'   a'nts'^nx  tEmu'yax.      Oa'LxIsOn 

20  wan  a^nts^'-nx  s^a'tsa  xnf^'nE.  K!lx  tE'q  "1  xunha'yu'nE. 
Oaktc  L!a'^'  "1:  xunha'yu'nE  ants  pukwa^^tx  ^  hltcu'^^      S^di'- 

'  Contracted  from  hu'tcyaxatis.  -  Contracted  from  fiu' tcyaxant 

^  Evidently  an  Alsea  participial  form   in  -/. 

*  ptihwa'  for  falnva''.  5   Por  pakiva'' Ix. 


79 

(VoLi  and)  Coyote  cause  ye  your  (dual)  rain  (to  descend) !" 
Then  at  last  it  would  rain.  All  people  believed  in  (the 
efficacy  of  this  formula),  .  Thus  they  two  would  be  invoked, 
until  it  would  commence  to  rain.  Thus  it  was  shouted, 
whenever  (ice)  closed  up  the  rivers. 

Now    there  it  ends.      It  is  the  finish.      Thus  I  know  it. 

15.  Description  of  a  Shinny  Game  {Alsea). 

In  the  winter-time  people  make  many  shinny-sticks. 
All  kinds  of  things  are  made  in  great  (quantities).  Many 
arrows  are  made.  Thus  the  people  do.  (Suppose)  many 
people  are  playing  shinny.  Then  all  kinds  of  things 
are  bet  by  those  who  play  shinny.  Then  the  two  chiefs 
(of  the  two  opposite  teams)  continually  say  to  each  other, 
"We  two  will  play  well.  While  playing,  we  two  will  play 
well.  Thus  each  of  you  keep  on  saying  to  your  people." 
Thus  they  two  say  to  each  other,  —  those  two  who  are 
about  to  begin  to  play  shinny.  The  other  (chief)  always 
assented.  "  Now  it  is  very  good.  W^e  two  live  at  one 
(and  the  same)  place,  that  is  why  we  shall  not  desire  to 
abuse  each  other  when  we  play."  Thus  they  two  say  to 
each  other,  —  those  two  who  are  about  to  begin  to  play 
shinny.  Nothing  but  dentalia  shells  they  bet,  for  thus 
they  had  said  to  each  other,  — -  those  two  who  had  started 
to  play  shinny.  All  kinds  of  bets  are  made.  Many 
salmon-spears  are  taken  as  bets  when  they  play  shinny. 
The  people  who  play  shinny  are  doing  thus  habitually. 
He  who  knows  how  to  run,  that  one  always  beats  (the 
people)  badly  in  a  shinny-game.  Thus  they  do  whenever 
they  come  together.  Finally  those  who  act  thus  count 
(their  winnings).  All  kinds  of  things  had  been  put  up 
as  bets.  Many  knives  were  bet  when  the  people  played 
shinny.     Such    was    the    custom  (of  the  people)  belonging 


8o 

tsatc  nictcima'^m"  iJa'^'  wa'nwitsaxax.  "I'nx  wan  ku"nawa'^ 
Waa'^mxii'sa^x  s'atsftc.  "Hi'^sans  hu^tcls.  Kumi'ntc'^ns 
mf  k!a'na  hu^tcls,  hu^tcyans."  ^  Ya^tsac  iJ.a.^^'^  "1^-nx  wan 
hawa''. 

5        S^atsftc  wan  ata's.      Sqa'k  wan  ata's  hawa''. 

1 6.   How  A  SiusLAW  House  was  built,  and  the  Food 
THE  SiusLAW  ATE  {Lower   Umpq2ia). 

Qa'wa'a"nx  ta',  "}»"-nx  xaiJa'^tx  hitsf'.  Bqe^^yusnE  ants 
LJa^ai  uj  }aqtaqa^''nitc  hitsf'.  "}  skwaha'yultx  tEqyu'"  ants 
hitsf'.  Hawa'^styax,  "}  k!ix  tE'q  skwaha'yusnE  qaVintl. 
4    qa"x    ma^tcun    tEqyu^^tc    ants    hitsf'.       Su'qu't'ax    ants 

lo  hitsi''  xaLlfyusnE.  Hawa^'styax,  "J  tkwiha'yusnE.  Tkwiha^- 
yuttx  qaw^nti'yuwltc  ants  hitsf'.  S'^a'tsanx  ta'.  Oa^ha^ntc 
qa^^xuntc  Liha^'tx  hitcu'".  K!i'nwat  ants  Lla^-^'  ants  hitsi'' 
tci^kyax  Llha'^  tE  hitc.  So'qu't'ax  xaLli^yusnE  ants  hitsi''. 
Si^a'tsanx    ta'.      Alqa'tc    Llaya^    "}    cin^x    hits!''    xaLla'yu'nE 

15  La^pqa't'ax.  S^a^tsa  tiyi/^'  tE  hitc  wa^nwitsaxax  L!a'^'. 
K!exu'  Llaya'  s^a'tsa  tlyu'^^'.    Oa'tltc  tlyO'^^'  "t  a'l-du  si^a'tsa. 


Li'u    i'kli'a'tc  qa''utci^nx   ta',   "I'-nx  ya^'xa'tc  h't.'a'.     lIxu'i- 

stc'^nx    ants    h'fa'  "J^nx  ya'''xa  a'l-du.      "t'-nx  i'tla'yun  qiu'- 

nEm.      ^^nx  I'tla'yun  tE  ya'i'xa.     S'^a'tsanx  xni'^^nE  qiu'nEm 

2C  ants  tiyu^^^'.    Kwin  a^l'du  ^'^nx  i'tla^yun  qiu^nEm.    "}  ts!yanx 


'   Contracted  from   hn'tcvaxans. 


8i 

to  the  past.  Finally  they  (the  betters)  would  win.  And 
the  two  (chiefs)  would  keep  on  saying  to  each  other, 
"We  two  habitually  will  play  fair.  We  two  will  never 
play  roughly  while  we  are  playing."  After  a  while  they 
would  quit. 

Now  thus  only  it  was.      Now  there  only  it  ends. 

1 6.  How  A  SiusLAW  House  was  built,  and  the  Food 
THE  SiuSLAW  ATE  [Lower    Umpqua). 

(Suppose  some  Siuslaw)  lived  at  the  mouth  of  the  river, 
and  were  (going  to)  build  their  house.  (Then  first)  the 
ground  would  be  dug  out.  Houses  were  made  of  some 
kind  of  boards.  Then  the  frame  of  that  house  would  be 
stood  up.  As  soon  as  (that  frame)  began  to  be  ready, 
then  all  kinds  of  things  would  be  placed  on  both  sides ; 
and  on  top  (of  the  dug-out  place  [?])  they  would  place  the 
frame  of  that  house.  (The  boards  of)  that  house  would  be 
fixed  so  as  to  join  \  and  when  (the  walls)  were  almost 
ready,  they  would  be  covered  with  earth.  That  house 
would  be  covered  with  earth  on  all  of  its  sides.  Thus  they 
lived.  In  passing  out,  people  (would  climb)  way  up,  for 
many  of  the  houses  had  ladders  whereon  the  people  passed 
out.  (Sometimes  two  or  more)  houses  would  be  joined 
together.  Thus  they  lived.  On  one  place  three  houses 
would  be  built  adjoining  (one  another).  Thus  the  people 
belonging  to  the  past  lived.  Everywhere  they  lived  thus. 
And   those  who  lived  across  the  river  would  do  likewise. 

Whenever  they  lived  near  the  mouth  of  the  river,  in 
the  bay,  they  had  lots  of  food.  They  had  dried  salmon, 
and  likewise  (dried)  fern-roots,  which  they  ate  during  the 
winter.  They  ate  fern-roots  (mostly).  Thus  the  people 
did  during  the  winter.  Tidewater-weeds  likewise  they  ate 
in  the  winter.      And  skunk-cabbage,  too,  was  eaten  in  the 

6 — COL.    UNIV.    CONTRIB.    AN'THROP.    —    VOI,.    IV. 


82 

a'l-du  I'tla'yu'm':  qiu'nEm.  P!iy"xri'n  a'l-du  }'t!ayu'nE. 
Si^a'tsatc  Ji'tia'  wa'nwitsaxax  iJa'yax.  Ha''ku'  L!a'=>'  "J 
J'tlaVu'iiK,  ''\  hims  a'l'du  t'tla^yu'iiK.  4  a'l-du  (jo'inin 
I'tla'yu'ni;.  Oiu'nEm  pftsisya  ha'qa''  ants  hamr'tci,  "t 
5  ya-'^'xa'tc  t!'yas''-yu^"'  havva''  qlO'iiKm,  ants  hami'^td  ha'qa''. 
Wa'  ya-'^'xa'  ants  hitc,  "t  ha^'mut  hamitcu'  I'kwa''.  "1  s'-a- 
tsa  "t  histc  ha'  hawa'^tx  ants  tiyu^"',  ants  hami'^tci  ha'qa'^ 
ni'ctcim  tifsa'nanx  lit!a^vax.  Wa'nwitsax  hftcax  tsi'k!ya 
yikt,  ants  hamf'tcl  ha^qa''.  S'^a^tsatc  nictcima'^mu  wa'n- 
lO  witsax  hi'tcax. 


Wa'nwitsaxax  hi'tcax  nictcima^^mutc.^  M^yo^k"s  ta^'yax 
iJaya'.  S'a'tsa  l't!a''  tE  ta'yax.  0!Exa"yuwitIta'  4  tcja^'- 
witc  taya''.  Ha^'mut  tqa^Vitc  taya^'tx  hitcu'"',  "t  h'ia^'anx 
xaya''.     Olutcu'ni  iJa'-'''  "1  mlkii'"  Jt'ia'a'.    S^^a'tsanx  I'kwa^'tx 

15  Ji't!a'.  LxwiyQi'txanx  It'i'a'.  Stim  taya''  L!a'^'  tqa^'Vl. 
Tclk  hawa''  ants  h'i'a',  "I'-nx  ([a'utca''.  Tsfmcimatc  "I'nx 
paLni'tx,  tqa"wi'tcyanx  -  (la'ha'ntc.  Ts'ha'yunanx  ants  um- 
na''q,  "t^nx  Lxu'yutsmE.  Owatc  Lixu'yun  paLnC/^^'i  H  s'^a'tsa 
xnf^nE.      Ya'xa'tx  titla"  "1  tcExwa^'.      Si^a'tsa  xnl'^^nE  L!a'^'. 

20  "I'-nx  qa''utc  tEm^wa''.  Ya-^'xa'  hitc  tiyfi'^^'  iJa'^'  stim. 
OiO'nEm  "!  ha'cja''  hami'^tci.  Wa''  ya^'xa'  hitc,  "J  tEm"wa'' 
sqa'k,  ants  ha'qa''  ants  hami^'tci.  S'^atsa  xni'^^'nE  wa'n- 
witsaxax iJa'^'  hi'tcax.  S'a'tsa  xni'^'nE  tE  tiyu'"'  L!a'^'. 
PictcEma'wax  hiqiya'',   "f  ht!a''tx  hitcO'^''  iaq^'waa'.      S^a'tsa 

25   tlyu'^^'  iJa'^'   wa'nwits. 


Sqa'k  wan  hawa''. 

'  The  following  was  offered  as  an  amplification   of  the  preceding  chapter. 
-  Contracted  from   tqa"ivV tcyaxan.\ . 


83 

winter-time ;  also  kinnikinnick-berries  were  eaten.  Such 
was  the  food  of  the  people  belonging  to  the  past.  Lots 
of  mussels  were  eaten,  and  also  clams  were  eaten,  and 
likewise  quahogs.  When  in  the  winter  a  whale  came 
ashore  from  the  ocean,  then  they  stored  up  (made  ready) 
lots  of  its  grease,  —  in  the  winter,  when  a  whale  came 
ashore.  No  matter  how  many  the  people  were,  still  all 
obtained  (some  of  the  fat  of  the)  whale.  That  was  why 
those  people  became  glad  whenever  a  whale  came  ashore, 
because  they  (knew  that  they)  were  going  to  eat  grease. 
To  the  people  living  long  ago  it  was  a  very  great  (boon) 
when  a  whale  came  ashore.  Such  was  the  custom  of  the 
people  living  long  ago. 

The  custom  of  the  people  living  long  ago  was  such.^ 
In  the  beginning  they  lived  at  (a  certain)  place.  Thus 
they  ate  when  they  lived.  During  the  salmon  season 
they  lived  up  the  river.  All  people  lived  (then)  up-stream, 
catching  salmon.  Many  women  cut  (open  the)  salmon. 
Thus  they  used  to  obtain  food.  They  used  to  dry  salmon 
right  there  where  they  lived,  up-stream.  When  the 
salmon  was  gone  (ready),  then  they  went  (back)  to  the 
mouth  of  the  river.  Some  of  their  people  hunted  habit- 
ually, having  gone  far  up  the  river.  They  killed  elk, 
and  dried  their  (killed  game).  Whoever  knew  how  to 
hunt  did  it  thus.  When  their  food  (accumulated)  greatly, 
they  went  back.  Thus  many  did.  Then  they  assembled 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river.  Many  people  lived  there.  In 
the  winter,  whale  (sometimes)  came  ashore.  No  matter 
how  many  were  the  people,  still  they  would  assemble 
there  when  a  whale  came  ashore.  Thus  people  living 
long  ago  did.  Thus  did  those  who  lived  there.  When 
summer  was  about  to  commence,  then  people  used  to  eat 
herring.      Thus  they  lived  long  ago. 

Now  there  it  ends. 


84 


ij.  Setting  Traps  for  Elk  [Lower   Umpqud). 

Wa^nwitsax  iJa'yax  itqa^yusiiK  ants  iJa'-",  tcik  txa'ntc 
ants  Limna'^cj.  Xa'ts!u  bite  ilqa'".  Tclk  ante  tqa^^'tO 
\J^\N2}'  txa'nftc,  "}  stimk  itcja^yOsnE  ants  iJa'-'^^  Oanistci^tc 
itqa^yOsnK  yfkta.  Xa'ts.'u  hitc  iJxu'yun  s'^^a^tsa.  Wa'' 
5  ya^tsa  "ta^x  s'Vtsa  xni'^'nK  a'ntsux  ya^kja^n  ants  iJa'^'. 
Kumi'ntcux  ya'tsa  xf  I'xcltx  ^  a^nts'tcx"  ^  yafqa'a",  Ha"^^a'- 
nfyOsa"x  wan  a'ntsux  yalq  iJaya'.  Kunii'ntc'^'ax  txu  '^i\H\ 
xil'xcyun  s^-a'tsa.  Tcfkyac  L.'a^^'  "la"x  xi'1-xcyun  xa'ts!un. 
Xa'tsluntc  ya'xa"  a'nts^tcx^  -  yalqa'a".  Ku'  ya'tsac  L!a'^' 
lo  u|;aux  ha"^ain!'yus  a'ntsux  ya'^qa^^n  ants  iJa'-'^'.  '  S^a'tsa 
xnl'^^nE  ants  Lla"-'^'  tiyu^^^i  wa'nwitsax. 

1  Mistaken  use  of  the  modal  -ttx.     Should  have  been  xV IwcyTitsDiE. 

2  By  metathesis  for  a'ttts^tca"x. 


85 


ij.  Setting  Traps  for  Elk  [Lozver    Umpqud). 

People  living-  long  ago  used  to  dig  holes  in  the  ground 
where  an  elk  (left)  its  imprint.  (Sometimes)  two  people 
dug  a  hole.  Wherever  a  log  lay  across  (the  road,  in 
a  position)  similar  (to  that  of  elk-)tracks,  there  a  hole 
would  be  dug  in  the  ground.  It  would  be  dug  very  deep. 
Two  men  (it  took  to)  know  (how  to  do  it)  thus.  For  a 
long  time  those  two  who  dug  the  hole  in  the  ground 
did  it  thus.  Then  not  long  afterwards  they  two  fixed 
their  (dual)  hole.  At  last  they  two  finished,  those  two 
who  were  digging  a  hole  in  the  ground.  Not  just  one 
hole  they  two  made  this  way.  Sometimes  they  two  would 
make  four  holes.  Then  the  number  of  their  (dual)  holes 
would  be  four.  Not  long  afterwards  they  two  would 
finish,  those  two  who  were  digging  holes  in  the  ground. 
Thus  many  people  living  long  ago  (were  in  the  habit 
of)  doing. 


86 


FRAGMENTS. 
18.    Thk  Skunk  and  the  Screech-Owl  [Lower   Umpqud). 

Lklanu'k"  "1  piiKja''.  Wi'nxa^'n  tsfk!ya  tE  pEiii's.  Win^x- 
na\va"x,  (jaw"nti'tc^^ax  win^'xnaVa,  Lk.'anO^k"  "}  mE(|!a''tx 
ha^^qmas  Llya'wa.  Tsfk!ya  wi'nxa"n  ants  pEni's  }k!an"\va'k". 
Lk!anu'k"  "J  pincjaya'  xarJa^'  hitu'tc.  Lna"'^^^  hitc  ants 
5  pJna''.  Lk!an"wa^k"  wi'nxa"n  ants  pKni's.  iJxu'yun  mi'kia 
tsfk!ya.  L!xu^yOn  hfsa  lk!an"wa'k"  ants  pEni's.  Lna"'^^' 
hitc  "t  kiaqa^'txa^n   pEna/s,   s^^a  ^  Llxu'yun   }k!an"wa'k". 


Lklanu'k"  ya'q^'yOn  a^ntsux  mEq!a''tx  ants  pEni's  xa'ts!"- 
wa^^x.^     TcanhatfiTixutxa"x    q"Li'mt  ants  pEni's.      ^^1  s^-atsf- 
10  tc^'ax  waanaVa. 


PEnfs  pEli'tc  "-A  Ik.'anu'k^i  limnftc.  "1  mEq!a''tx  ha''q- 
mas  Liya'wa  tE  Iklanu'k".  Lna^'^^''  hitc  "1  plna''.  "1  Ln'lun 
ants  q!^ha^ltEx.  "1  ya'tsa  s'^a'tsyax  ants  Iklanu'k^^  "}  waa'. 
"Kumi'ntc'''nx  plna''.  Lqa^qanx  sfn'xya."  S'^atsftc  waa^' 
15  ants  Iklanu^k^^  Ants  plna^st  ^'1  cfn'xyatlya  aqaVax.  "} 
s^atsl'tc  waa^  ants  ikianu'k".  "Kumi'ntc'''nx  phia'^  Lqa'qa^nx 
ata^s.  Lqa^qanx  sfn'xya."  Ci'n'xyat!ya  ants  hitc  aqa'wax. 
Tsi^m^^ax  s^atsi'tc  "1  waa''  aqa'wa"x.^  Lxa"yaxa°'ni  ants 
pEni's  tsfk!ya"x  xaif   si'n'xyun   ants  phia'st. 

'  Should  have  been  s^a^'na. 

-  The  sudden  introduction  of  two  skunks  instead  of  one  could  not  be  explained. 


87 


FRAGMENTS. 

1 8.   The  Skunk  and  the  Screech-Owl  [Lower   Umpqua). 

Screech-Owl  was  dancing  the  medicine-dance.  She  was 
very  much  afraid  of  the  Skunk.  They  two  (Screech-Owl 
and  Skunk)  feared  each  other,  mutually  they  feared  each 
other.  Screech-Owl  was  continually  dancing  alongside  of 
the  fire.  Screech-Owl  was  very  much  afraid  of  that  Skunk. 
She  was  (trying)  to  cure  a  man  by  means  of  the  medicine- 
dance.  He  who  was  sick  was  a  rich  man.  Screech-Owl  was 
afraid  of  that  Skunk,  for  she  knew  he  was  very  bad.  Screech- 
Owl  knew  that  Skunk  very  well.  Skunk  was  continually 
breakino-  wind  at  the  rich  man,  and  Screech-Owl  knew  that. 

Screech-Owl  saw  that  those  two  Skunks  '"  were  contin- 
ually dancing.  They  two  were  clubbing  each  other's 
anuses,  saying  thus. 

Skunk  (doctored)  first,  and  Screech-Owl  second ;  and 
Screech-Owl  was  continually  dancing  near  the  fire.  A 
rich  man  was  sick,  and  (Screech-Owl)  was  fanning  the  ashes. 
She  did  thus  for  a  long  time,  and  said  (to  the  sick  man), 
"You  are  not  sick,  you  want  to  pass  wind."  Thus  Screech- 
Owl  said  ;  and  that  sick  man  was  continually  thinking  of 
running  away.  Then  (again)  Screech-Owl  said  thus:  "You 
are  not  sick.  Your  passing  of  wind  only  (is  sick).  You 
want  to  pass  wind."  (Still)  that  man  was  continually 
thinking  of  running  away.  Always  they  two  (Screech-Owl 
and  the  sick  man)  were  saying  thus,  —  that  they  two 
were  going  to  run  away,  for  that  Skunk  and  another  one 
desired  very  much  that  that  sick  man  should  die. 

•*  Contracted  from  aqa'waxa"x. 


88 

Oatc''na\va"x  '  Ik.'aiV'wa'k"  ants  phia'st.  Hina'^'un  ants 
plna'st  }k!an"wa'k".  Tclk  ants  k!alatu'"  sqe^'k^^'ax  qatc'^^na'- 
wa"x.  Aqa'qa"x  qa'tc^nta"x.  Tclk  ants  iJa^^^  tEm"u'" 
ya^'xa*  hitc,  fia'tc''"nta"x  sqa'ktci'tc.  "ta^x  Ll'uwa"x  sqa^k, 
5  tclk  ants  klalatu'"  ya-'^'xa'  hitc.  Yuwa^yun  ya^^xa^  ants 
(\\a.^\\  ants  klalatu'^^'.  Llu'wa^x  sqa'k.  Sqa^k  LiYitux  ants 
pEni's'^'ax.  "}a"x  tsina'x'yuhx  q"Li'mt.  XaTituxa^x  "}a"x 
tcfwatc  hakwa'a'  ants  pKni's." 


1 9.   Coyote  and  the  Two  Otter- Women  '■' 
[Lower    UiiipqtLci). 

Xi'ntmanx  ti'mwa.*    Ci^n'xyat!ya  ha'tci'tc  ants  Tsxi/npLi. 

10  "Tsfk!ya"x  his  qlutcu'ni.  Tcfnta"tc^ax  his  mi'ck'la'  a'n- 
tsux  qlutcu'ni."  "t  ts'ims  s^atsftc  ci'nixyat!ya  ants  Tsxu'npLi. 
"To  yakla^'^ni  qiutclVni  tsfklya  his  qiutcu^ni."  "1  ts'ims 
s^-atsi'tc  cfn'xyatlya.  "Klexu'tc'^nxan  Llaya'tc  ha'^q^nxan 
xi^ntmitux.      Pitca^tc'^nxan    iqatuwlyu^s.     S'a^tsa"xun    xnlyu- 

15  ni^'yun.  S'^a^tsa^xin  yixa'yul  mi'ck'la^tc^''ax.  Pitca^ya"x 
Iqatuwiyu's,  ants  qiutcu'ni,  4n  ya'qu'yula"x  mi'ck'la'. 
S*^a'tsa"xin  xnlyunf^^yun."  S'^atsftc  cfn'xyatlya.  Tcik  ants 
yiktfl'ma  ]:qa'''tri,  s^a^'xa"x  pitca^'  a^ntsux  qiutcu^ni,  s'^a'tsa^x 
yixaYu^"  mi^ck'ki'  ants  qiutcu^ni. 


20        Xi'ntanx.    Tsi'k!ya"x  sfn'xyun  ants  qiutcu^ni.     "Tci'nta"n 

'  Contracted  from  qatc^na'ivaxa"x. 

2  The   informant   could   not   recollect   tlie   rest   of  tliis   story. 


89 

So  they  two,  Screech-Owl  and  that  sick  man,  intended 
to  go  away.  Screech-Owl  was  going  to  carry  that  sick 
man.  They  two  intended  to  go  there,  where  the  fair 
(was  going  on).  So  they  two  started,  and  ran  away. 
They  two  went  there,  where  there  was  an  assembly  of 
many  people.  Then  they  two  came  there,  where  a  big 
time  was  had  by  many  people.  Those  who  (participated 
in)  that  good  time  were  collecting  much  pitch.  So  they 
two  arrived  there,  (and  heard  that)  those  two  Skunks 
were  going  to  come  there.  (Moreover,  they  were  told 
that)  their  anuses  (those  of  the  two  Skunks)  were  to  be 
scorched,  (and  that  as  soon  as)  the  two  Skunks  died,  they 
two  would  be  thrown  into  the  water." 

19,   Coyotp:  and  the  Two  Otter- Women '^ 
[Lower    Unipqud). 

They  ^  were  travelling  together ;  and  Coyote  was  con- 
tinually thinking  to  himself,  "Very  pretty  are  the  two 
women.  Whichever  of  these  two  women  habet  pulchram 
vulvam,  (this  one  I  will  marry)."  Thus  Coyote  was  con- 
tinually thinking  to  himself.  "That  smaller  woman  is  a 
very  pretty  woman."  Thus  he  was  always  thinking  to 
himself.  "We  will  travel  to  each  place  (that  is  away  from 
the)  shore.  We  shall  be  going  over  logs.  Thus  I  will 
do  it  to  them  (dual).  Thus  I  shall  see  their  (dual)  vulvas. 
Whenever  these  two  women  step  over  a  log,  then  I  shall 
look  at  their  (dual)  vulvas.  Thus  I  shall  do  it  to  them 
(dual)."  Thus  he  was  always  thinking.  Wherever  there 
was  a  very  large  log  and  those  two  women  stepped  over 
it,  he  would  see  the  vulvas  of  those  two  women. 

They  kept  on  going.      He  liked  those  two  women  very 

•''  Also  recorded  among  the  Alsea. 

♦  That  is,  Coyote  and  the  two   Otter-Women. 


90 

ti:x  I'kvva'yun  ?  Tci'nta"  yi^kt'tc  mi'ck'la'  s^'-a.  "hi  (ji'utc 
hawa'yun.  S'^-a'tsa^xin  ya'xa"J  mi'ck'la'."  TcKni'tcitanx 
wan  "l^nx  tca^\a"t,  Kwi'ya"x  ya'xa'^l'  mi'ck'la^  ants  cilutcu^ni. 
"}^nx  wan  tci'n  hitsfstc,  "il'a"x  s'^atsi'tc  waa'a"n  ants  qiu- 
5  tcO'ni.  "Mi'k^tuxts  h'laya^  MahciwaVaxan  ^  LlyaVa." 
"la"x  wan  wi'lut  ants  ciintcu^ni.  "l  makclTist  ants  tEx- 
mu'ni.  Mikwa'wa"x  -  ants  qlutcQ'ni.  Hawa^'stx  ^  ants 
Liya'wa,  "}a"x  xa'tcaVa"x  *  ants  ciiutci/ni.  Oa^h^u  ants 
Llya^a".      Skwaha^xam  ants  xa'tca'a".     Xatka^'  ants  Liya'a". 

lo  "J  ya'q"'yril  mfck'la'  ants  qlutcu'ni.  Tca^n  ants  qiutcO'ni, 
xa'tkast.  Ats  "1  yaxi'xul  tcu'x"s  ants  (liutcu^ni.  "1  waa'' 
ants  Tsxu'npLi.  "Ni'ctca  k"  tK  cu([wa^an  tE  ha'kwatlya?" 
Cuqwa'an  hawa'yun,  wa^'  ca'yatc.  Nitsa^'tx  ants  ca'ya. 
Wai'  ca'yatc  H  cuqwa'an  hawa^yOn.      Xatca'ya^x  ants  qiu- 

I  5  tcfi'ni,  yaxi'xula^x  tcii^x"s  ants  qlutcu'ni.  H  s^atsftc  cf nxa't. 
"Ya'xa^n"  ants  qiutcu'ni,  "}  mEkct  tcuV's."    "1  atsi'tc  cfnxit. 


Yaxi'xul  ca'ya  ants  tExmu'ni  ants  waa''.  "Nl'ctca  k" 
tE  cuqwa'an  tE  ha'kwat!ya?"  "1  wan  yaxi'xOl  ca'ya  ants 
tExmu'ni.  T'lxa't  ca'ya  ants  tExmO'ni.  "1  s'^a  "1  tsl'k!ya 
2o  winxi'xul  ants  qiritcu'ni.  "}  ants  qiutcu'ni  s'^atsi'tc  ci'nxit. 
"Kumi'ntcin  ta'is.  Aqa'waxan."  Lakwa'kutsmE  k^^a'm  ants 
qiutcu'ni,  "i  qwa'xtcist  tcfwatc.  "1  qia'il  mi'ltcistutsmE  4 
waV'tsmE    ants    misi'a'.      "Aqa'wans,    kumfntc  his  tu  tEx- 


•   The  narrator  evidently  meant  to  say  7naltca'':i'axan. 
-  Contracted  from  mtk'cva'wa.\a"x. 

3  The    use    of   the    modal    -fx    in    this    passage    is    incorrect.     The  suffix  -TilsiiiE 
should  have  been  used. 


91 

much.  "I  wonder  which  one  I  shall  take!  I  will  make 
that  one  my  wife  whose  vulva  is  large.  That  is  why  I 
(want  to)  see  their  (dual)  vulvas."  They  were  going 
homewards  now,  (and  still)  he  did  not  see  the  vulvas  of 
those  two  women.  So  then  they  came  back  into  the 
house,  and  he  said  thus  to  the  two  women:  "You  will 
cut  salmon,  while  I  am  going  to  build  a  hre."  Then 
those  two  women  assented.  So  that  man  began  to  build 
a  fire,  while  those  two  women  were  about  to  cut  (salmon). 
When  he  finished  building  his  fire,  those  two  women  began 
to  roast  (salmon).  That  fire  (was  kept  up  by  means  of) 
bark,  (and  upon  it)  the  roast  was  placed,  (Soon)  the  fire 
fell  down  (flat).  Then  he  saw  the  private  parts  of  those 
two  women,  (as  each)  woman  fell  (on  her)  back  (trying 
to  dodge  the  fire  when)  it  began  to  fall.  At  that  time 
he  saw  the  vulva  (of  each)  woman.  Then  Coyote  said, 
"What  may  (cause)  this  roast  to  fall  down  frequently?" 
He  called  it  "roast,"  although  it  was  his  penis.  Then  his 
penis  became  stiff.  Although  it  was  his  penis,  still  he 
called  it  "roast."  As  these  two  women  were  roasting 
(salmon),  he  was  looking  at  their  (dual)  vulvas.  So  he 
thought  thus:  "I  see  the  (one)  woman,  and  her  vulva 
is  fat."     Thus  he  thought. 

(Then  one  woman)  perceived  the  penis  of  that  man 
when  he  said.  "What  may  cause  this  roast  to  fall  down 
so  frequently?"  Then  she  saw  the  penis  of  that  man. 
The  penis  of  that  man  had  teeth.  And  the  woman  was 
very  much  afraid  of  his  (penis),  and  was  thinking  thus : 
"I  will  not  stay  (here  any  longer).  I  am  going  to  run  away." 
So  that  woman  took  her  basket,  and  began  to  go  down  to 
the  water.  Then  (upon  her  return)  she  kindled  her  pitch, 
and  said  thus  to  her  older  sister  :  "We  two  are  going  to  run 
away.      That  man  is  not  good  :  he  has  too  large  a  penis." 

*  Contracted  from  xa'tca'7vaxa"x.  '•>  Contracted   from   va' xa''iihi. 


92 

mirni.  Yikti'1-mat  ca'ya."  Winxi'x  ants  qiutcu'ni,  "1 
s'atsi'tc  wa'a"tsmE  ants  misi'a'.  "A'qtuns.^  PEh'tcin  a'qtux. 
K'was'yu^tsana"  wan."  S'^atsi'tc  \va^a°tsmE  ants  misfa'. 
Tci'watc^'ax  Limixa'x  ants  qiutCLi'ni.  Aqa'wa^x  ~  qa'ha'ntc. 
5  Aqa'qa"x  wan,  tclk  ants  !qa'''tu  skwaha^'  ya^^xa'tc  ilqwa^'- 
tEm.'^  "J  ants  tExmu'ni  "1  tqulu''.  llqutmfa"x  qaa''  ants 
qlutCLi'ni.  Ka"sfs  ants  tExmu'ni.  Cqawa'^  ants  tcl.  "Ja^x 
s^^atsftc  waa^'.  "Ats  tcaltcftc  qlu'tux,  "I'^ns  naltux. 
Kumi'ntc^ns  ha'q,  tci'wans  xi'ntis,  pi^'tsistc^ns  aqaSvax." 
lo  "la"x  pf'tsistc  aqa^q.  Kumi'ntc^^ax  sfn'xyun  ants  tExmu'ni. 
Tsi'klya  mi^k!a  ants  tExmu'ni.     Smut'a^t'  wan. 


A'iqa^tcin  *  Llxu'yOn  qna.^  Cf  n^\  nictcanu'wisi  tE  qiu- 
tcu'ni  "}  xi'ntm^yaxa"n.  Te  qiutcu^ni  tsi'k!ya  si'nxitx  tEtc 
mictci^'.     TsxLi'npLi    waa^'.      "Cfn^x  nictcanu'wisi  Hn  xi'nt- 

15  misun."  Kumi'ntc^tc  qi'Otc  ants  qiutcu'nya^^x,  Lipxani'- 
sk'intc'^ax,  "la^x  txu  xi'ntmisun.  Cfn^x  nictcanu'wisi  ^ta^^x 
xfntmlsun  ants^tc^^ax  lipxa'n.  Tsxu'npLitc  q.'a^si'nti  t!a'mc- 
tc^ax  antsux  qlutcu'ni.  S^a^tu^ni  pEli'tc  xi'ntma^stun  xa'tslu 
nictcanu'wisi.     Wi'ltcistu'tsniE  wa'as.     "1  a''laf  wi'ltcistutsmE 

20  tlamc  ants  tExmu'ni.      Oamita'tc  wi'ltcistun   misa'yustc. 


Te  tsxu'npLi  pla-'^'ntx  ha'^  tsi'klya.      Hatca't  ants  lqa'''tu 
"}  qa"'xun  ta^  Iqatuwiyu's  ants  tsxu'npLi.     Ya'q"'ya  klexu'tc 

1   Contracted   from  a'qtuxa7is.  -  Contracted   from   aqa'iK'a.\a"x. 

^  This,  so   the   informant   explained,  is   the  reason   why   otters  like   to  live  among 
alder-roots. 


93 

That  woman  was  afraid.  (For  that  reason)  she  said  thus 
to  her  older  sister:  "We  two  will  run  away.  I  will  run 
away  first.  You  will  follow  me  last."  Thus  she  said  to 
her  older  sister.  Then  those  two  women  jumped  into  the 
water.  They  two  were  going  to  run  far  away.  Then 
they  two  ran  away  to  where  stood  a  log  having  many 
(alder)  roots ;  ^  and  the  man  was  shouting  as  the  two  women 
went  into  the  alder-tree.  The  man  began  to  follow  (them). 
The  water  began  to  stir.  Then  they  two  said  thus : 
"When  he  passes  (us,  going)  somewhere  else,  then  we  two 
will  start  out  again.  We  two  will  not  (travel)  on  the 
shore,  we  will  keep  on  travelling  in  the  water :  we  are 
going  to  run  away  to  the  ocean."  Then  they  two  ran 
away  to  the  ocean.  They  two  did  not  like  that  man. 
He   was  a  very  bad  man.      Now  it  ends. 

I  '  seemingly  know  (only)  one*  (half  of  this  story).  For 
three  years  (Coyote)  had  travelled  around  with  these  women. 
Of  these  women,  he  always  liked  the  younger  sister. 
Coyote  said,  "For  three  years  I  will  keep  on  travelling 
around  with  these  (two)."  Those  two  women  were  not 
his  wives.  They  two  were  his  younger  nieces,  and  he 
was  just  continually  travelling  with  them.  For  three  years 
he  kept  on  travelling  with  his  two  nieces.  These  two 
women  were  the  two  children  of  Coyote's  elder  sister. 
At  first  he  had  commenced  to  travel  with  the  larger  one, 
(doing  it  for)  two  years.  (Then  the  father  of  the  girl) 
began  to  send  word  (that  she  should  come  back),  and 
afterwards  that  man  sent  his  (younger)  child.  Her  father 
then  sent  her  to  her  elder  sister. 

Coyote  was  very  sorry.  There  was  a  tall  tree,  and 
Coyote  was  sitting  on  top  of  that  tree.      He  looked  every- 

*  The  following  was  told  partly  by  William  Smith,  and  partly  by  his  wife,  and 
seems  to  be  an  amplification  of  the  preceding  chapters, 
s  Refers  to  the  narrator. 


94 

L!aya'tc.  Yixuml'txa"na"x  ants  qlOtcu'ni,  yixa'yuna^^x  ants 
qlutcu^ni.  Txu  niEtcftc'^tux  ants  lqa'''tu.  "1  s'-atsftc  k!u^- 
wi'nun  iJa'^'  ants  Tsxu'npLi.  Oaxa'ntc^^ax  k!"x\vinlyu's  arits 
(jiutcu'ni,  ats  ants  kl^'xwi'n  iJa'^'.  "1  \Ti"'L!a'tx  qa^^xunu' 
ants  i(ia'''tri.  Tclt'a't'un  L.'a'-^'  tsfklya.  Tcita't'.  iJayu'stc 
ma'tcatii  ants  }qa'''tO  ants  Tsxuna'pLi  t!ft!yun.  Tcit'a't'u- 
tsniE  L.'a'^'  ants  Tsxu'npu.  Pla^ntx  ha'\  S'^atsftc  "1  mi'- 
tcistOn  ha^^mut  ants  ]:qa'''tri  iJayu'stc. 


20.  Thk  Grizzly-Bear  and  the  Two  Little  Birds  ^ 
{Loiuer    Umpqiid). 

Ya^^xa^  hitc    Llxmlya'yun    ants    Swak      Tcik    qnuhu'yun 
lo  hitc    "1    t't!a'yun    s'^as.      Wa^'    ya^'xa'    hitc,    "}   ha''mut  s'-as 

}'t!a^yun.  S'^a^tsa    "]"    kumi'ntc    ni'kla    xi'ntmit    hitc.      Si^a 

wfnxa^n,  Tsfk!ya  wfnxa"n  haya'mut  h'yatc.     Ku'  ni'ctca 

nfctcOtnE.  Tsi'klya  mi'k!a.      Wa^^  ya^^'xa^  tE  hitc,  "1  t^t!a'- 

yOn    s'^^as.  Tsi'klya    wi'nxa^'n.      S^a^tsa    xni''*^"nOn    tE    hitc 

15   wa'nwits.  L't!a'yun   s'^as. 


"1  s'^a  tE  t!amci'sk'ni  ~  LiO'vva"x  qlutci'kma'tc.  "Ni'ctcanx 
tanx  ya^^xai  qatx?  Kumi'ntcxun  taqa'^na  wfnx.  Yuwa'- 
ya'^xun  ya^'xa'  tslilna^,  "Lxun  stlnik  qa^'xtuxL!."  "^ 

(Wa'nwits    h!i'stun    ants    Lxa^yaxa^'ni.      Ll'tl'^tOn    "1  txu 
20  q"Liml'tyatc   Liha'  ants  t!amcikma'sk'in.      "}  tsi'k!ya  plna'tx 
ha^'  ants  tiamcikma'sk'in.) 

Oatx  ants  qlutcfl-ma.  "Ja"x  wan  yau^'n  ants  t.'amci^-ma 
tslitna'.      AsQi'    ants    mi'kia    hitc.      Ma'itcu^n    Llya'wa.     "1 

'  This  fragment  seems  to  be  another  version  of  the  story  related  on  pp.  14  et 
seq.  (also  record'jd  among  the  Alsea  and  Molala). 


95 

where.  He  was  looking-  for  those  two  women,  (so  that 
he  might)  see  them  (dual).  (Suddenly)  that  tree  just  kind 
of  fell  down.  So  Coyote  made  ice ;  and  those  two  women 
(had  to  travel)  on  top  of  the  ice,  when  it  began  to  appear. 
Then  that  tree  broke  (in  two)  at  the  top.  He  caused  a 
strono-  wind  to  blow.  It  blew.  The  tree  on  which  Coyote 
wat  sitting  kept  falling  down  to  the  ground.  Coyote 
caused  his  winds  to  blow.  He  was  sorry.  That  was  why 
he  beofan  to  fell  all  the  trees  to  the  o-round. 

20.  The  Grizzly-Bear  and  the  Two  Little  Birds  ^ 
[Lower   Unipqiia). 

Grizzly-Bear  was  killing  many  people.  Wherever  he 
found  a  person,  he  would  devour  him.  Even  though  many 
were  the  people,  still  he  would  devour  them  all.  For 
that  reason  no  man  ever  travelled  alone.  (Everybody) 
was  afraid  of  him.  All  people  feared  (Grizzly)  very  much. 
Nothing  could  be  done  (to  stop  him).  He  was  very  bad. 
Even  though  many  were  the  people,  still  he  devoured 
them  (all).  They  feared  him  very  much.  Thus  this  person 
did  long  ago.      He  devoured  (people). 

Then  two  little  boys'"  came  to  an  old  woman.  "Why 
do  you  cry  so  much  ?  We  two  are  not  afraid  of  anything. 
We  two  will  gather  much  pitch,  and  will  stay  here  until 
night  overtakes  us  two."  ^ 

([Grizzly-Bear]  had  already  begun  to  devour  that  other 
[young  boy].  He  devoured  him,  when  that  little  boy  just 
passed  out  through  his  anus-hole.  Then  that  [remaining] 
young  boy  was  very  sorry.) 

That  old  woman  kept  on  crying  while  the  two  young 
boys  were  gathering  pitch.  (Then  they  went  to  Grizzly's 
house.)     That  bad  man  was  sleeping.    (One  of  the  arrivals) 

-  The  two  little  birds.  "  In  the  house  of  Grizzly-Bear. 


96 

a^sfs  ants  nil'k.'a  hitc.  Lk!a'tx  i.aa'  (laxuntcftc.  "f  lociwa'' 
ants  ts!aln.  (jiutcil'a^mi  ta'yun  ants  tsi'L.'i.  Asu''  tsi'klya 
ants  mi'kia  hitc.  Loqwa^^  ants  tslain.  Oa^'^xuntc  lk!^a''tx 
Laa'  ants  mi'kja  hitc.  "1  vvaa^^  ants  t!amcikma'sk'in. 
5  "Ha'^qa'tcya,  miltci^xminx,  ha^'qa^tcya."  Kumrntc  cilx  ants 
hitc  asu''.  Tsi'klya  asu''.  "}  wan  lakwa'kutsma"x  ants 
ts!ahi.  "J  wan  qwa^'nul  Laaya'tc'^^tc.  Txu  mi'ltc'st  "f  txu 
lo(|wa^q".  "la"x  wan  Llwa'^^nun  ants  qiutci'l'ma.  "Xau^- 
na"xiin  ants  mi'kla  hitc.  Mfltcist  ha^'mut  Laa^tc.  Tintx 
lo  ha'.^  "}a"x  wan  Llwa^'nOn  ants  qiutcn'ma.  "}a"x  wan 
tcimtci'mya  qa^tc'''nt  ants  qiutci'l'ma.  Yak!i'tc'tOl  xwa'ka 
qiutcfl'a'mi  ants  t!amcil'ma'sk'in.  Hank!  tciktc  ha'\^  Mi^kla 
tE'q  xaU^un  s^as. 


Wan  smut'a^t'. 

2 1 .  The  Old  Woman  and  her  Grand-Daug?iter 

[Alsea). 

15  Qiutcfkma  }tEk°wa'ntc'''ax  ta'  ti^mwa.  Tsi^k!ya"x  nakwa'- 
yata  ta^  Cfn'xyatlya  ants  qiutcn'ma.  Ku^  nfctca  la^kwit 
lltlaya"  ants  qiutcfkma.  Tsxaya'^L!a"x  "la"x  hiqlya^^ 
A"'tcisa"x  yuwa'^  Waa^'stc  ants  ItEko^n  ants  qiutci'kma. 
"  Ya^'xatc'isQnanx   puna^pOna',  tcik  wa^quntx  Llayu^^',  stim 

20  I'kwa'yun  ya^^xa'  tE  a^^'tcisi."  Tclha^'cis  ants  t!amc. 
Ya^'xa^x  l^kwa'yun  tE  a^'tcisi.  Waa'^tx  ants  kami/matc. 
"Ya^^xa^ns  }akwa^ku"n,  kamL.  Wa''  ya^tsa  "t'ns  s'^a^tsa 
la'kwisun."     S'^^atsi'tc  waa^'tx  ItEko'n  tE  qiutci'1-ma.      "S^a^- 

•  Literally,  kind  of  somewhere  (is)  his  heart. 


97 

kindled  a  fire.  That  bad  man  kept  on  sleeping.  His 
mouth  was  open  kind  of  wide  [high].  The  pitch  was 
boiling.  The  old  woman  kept  an  arrow  (in  her  hand). 
That  bad  man  was  sleeping  soundly,  while  the  pitch  kept 
on  boiling.  That  bad  man  opened  his  mouth  wide.  Then 
the  young  boy  said,  "(Move  away)  from  the  fire,  you  may 
get  burned!  (Move  away)  from  the  fire!"  The  man  who 
was  sleeping  did  not  move.  He  was  sound  asleep.  Then 
they  two  seized  their  pitch  and  poured  it  into  his  mouth. 
He  just  began  to  burn,  and  was  just  boiling  (inside). 
Then  they  two  related  (what  they  had  done)  to  that  old 
woman.  "We  two  killed  that  bad  man.  His  whole  mouth 
burned,  and  his  heart  is  cooked."  Thus  they  two  related 
to  that  old  woman.  Then  they  two  and  that  old  woman 
went  there  with  an  axe.  The  old  woman  and  a  young 
boy  cut  his  head  into  pieces.  (That  little  boy)  was  very 
glad,  for  he  had  killed  something  bad. 
Now  it  ends. 

2 1 .  The  Old  Woman  and  her  Grand-Daughter 

(A /sea). 

An  old  woman  and  her  orrand-dauofhter  lived  toofether. 
They  two  lived  very  poorly.  That  old  woman  worried 
very  often,  for  she  could  not  obtain  food.  As  soon  as 
morning  dawned  upon  them  (dual),  they  two  would  start 
out  to  dig  camas-roots.  (One  day)  that  old  woman  said 
to  her  grand-daughter,  "You  keep  on  trying  to  look  for 
Mole :  where  there  are  many  holes  in  the  ground,  there 
(you)  will  get  lots  of  camas."  That  girl  was  glad  because 
they  two  were  going  to  obtain  much  camas.  (Then  the 
girl)  kept  on  saying  to  her  grandmother,  "We  two  will 
obtain  much  camas,  O  grandmother !  We  two  will  keep 
on    obtaining  it  thus  forever."     Thus  said  the  old  woman 

7 — COL.    UNIV.    CONTRIB.    ANTHROP.    —    VOL.    IV. 


98 

tsans  ta'^yax,  "}^nx  hitc  hau'tux."  Wi'KvIs  ants  tlamcil*- 
ma'sk'in.  "Ha°  kaniL,  s'a'tsans  ta'ls/  "1  waa''  ants 
qiutci'1-ma.  "Ats  yri'xtux,  "I'-ns  tquya'^iti.  "I'ns  ya'xtu- 
xa'ti."     Atsftc  waa>'  ants  qiutcflma. 


5  Nictcinawita',  "}a"x  s^-a'tsa  xni'^^ni:.  Ci'n'xyatlis  ants 
qiutcii-ma.  S'^a'tsatc  sfya'a"  ants  ItEko'n.  Tci'nt'tc  ya'xa" 
ants  li't!a',  "la"x  s''-a  I'kwa'yun.  Tina''  ants  iJa'-''  ti'/q 
pi'ctcEm,  "}a"x  s^^a  a'l-dO  ^kwa'yOn.  Kumi'ntC'ax  tE'q  l!xu'- 
xun.      S'^a^'x  ata's  Llxu'yun  li'tla'.      Si^a'tsa^x  ta'.      Waa^'stc 

lo  kEko'n  ants  qiutcn-ma.  "Si^'tunx,  "Inx  qni^x^^ts  xnl'^'nisun." 
Ku'ya"x  tclk  hitc  iJxu'xun  a'nts^^ax  ta'.  Ya'wisa"x  a^tcl- 
yu's.  YExa''tc^^'ax  xi'ntis  a'ntsux  a^'tcisi,  a'ntsux  yuwa^'tx. 
"Wa'^  ya'tsa,  "t'^ng  s^^a'tsa  xni'^^'nis.  Hi'tc^^nx  haCi'tOx,  "I'ns 
hitu'stc    lyotux."      Atsi'tc    waa'^stc  ]'t]':ko'n  ants  qiutci'kma. 

15  Ya^'xa^x  a'l-du  l't!a'yun  a'ntsux  ta'.  Nictcin"wa''txa''x  iJa'^', 
"Ja^x  It'iV  LllLlwi'yOs,  "la'^x  h'iaya'  al'du  t"vvatca''.  A'^q 
nictcanu'wisi  "ta^'x  hitu'stc  wan  qatc'^na''.  "}a"x  aktwa'' 
hitu'stc  wan. 


Sqa'k    wan    hawa''.      S^-atsa'tc    nictcima''mLi   ti:  qiutci'lma 
20  wa'nwitsaxax  }tEk°wa'ntc"'ax. 


99 

to  her  grand-daughter,  "If  we  two  live  thus,  then  you  will 
become  (a  grown-up)  person."  That  young  girl  kept  on 
assenting.  "Yes,  grandmother,  thus  we  two  will  always 
live."  Then  that  old  woman  said,  "When  (that  camas) 
accumulates,  then  we  two  are  going  to  cook  our  (camas) 
by  means  of  rocks,  and  then  we  two  will  have  much  of 
our  (camas)."     Thus  said  that  old  woman. 

When  spring  came,  they  two  did  thus.  That  old  woman 
was  continually  worrying,  when  that  grand-daughter  (grew 
up  to)  such  a  size.  W^hatever  quantity  of  food  there 
was  (in  the  fields),  they  two  would  get  it.  When  in  the 
summer  many  things  became  ripe,  they  two  would  like- 
wise get  them.  They  two  knew  of  nothing  else.  They 
two  knew  only  (how  to  get)  food.  Thus  they  two  lived. 
Then  that  old  woman  said  to  her  grand-daughter,  "When 
you  grow  up,  you  will  keep  on  doing  it."  Those  two 
who  lived  there  did  not  know  that  people  were  anywhere 
around.  They  two  were  continually  digging  camas-roots. 
Their  (dual)  camas  began  to  accumulate  when  they  two 
kept  on  digging  (it).  "  We  two  will  keep  on  doing  thus 
for  a  long  time.  When  you  are  (a  grown-up)  person, 
then  we  two  will  go  to  (where)  people  (live)."  Thus  that 
old  woman  said  to  her  grand-daughter.  They  two  also 
ate  fern-roots  when  they  lived  there.  When  fall  came, 
and  salmon  arrived  at  their  (dual)  place,  they  also  speared 
salmon.  After  one  year  they  two  went  to  (where  other) 
people  (lived).     Then  they  two  were  again  among  people. 

Here  now  it  ends.  Such  was  their  (dual)  custom,  (that 
of)  the  old  woman  and  her  grand-daughter,  (both  of  whom) 
lived  long  ago. 


lOO 


2  2.  Thk  Story  of  Louisa  Smith's  Childhood^ 
{Lo2ver   Umpqiid). 

Mita'a'tin  tsi'k!\a  hi's.      Mifa'a'tin  hltsi's  qaa''.     Ya^'xa'tc 

t!amc     mila'a^tin.       His     qlutcu'ni     miia^aitin.       Hitsfs    ta'. 

K!ixa''  na."     Kumi'ntc'''nxan  hitu'tc  Lla'itanxan  ta'.      Mit!a'- 

sk'nftin     tKkla'kL!.       Ya^'xa^    tKk!a'kL!,    ta'nxan    ta'.       "I'n 

5   iJxu'x"    ya'xa'ti    ha'\^     A'lqan    ta''."      Mitla'sk'nftin.''     Ku- 

mi'ntc'-nxan   hitu'tc   rJu'  ta'yanxan.      iJxu'x^'   ya^'xa'tin   ha'\"' 

Ya^'xa'     t]':k!a'kL!.       Tci'kyac    iJa'-^'    "-A    tsi'sqin    ta''ha'yun. 

Ya^'xa'nxan  It'fa'  Lxuyu'yun.      H'ya'tc'^nxan  LifLluts.      Ya- 

xfus'n  tE  sl'xa^'*...     Wan  Llwa''  tE  si'xa'.     Ya-'^'xa'  tE  h't!a' 

lo  LiwfwutsmE."     Limi'kcu    LiwfwQsnE.''     Tqa^wi'tc    tcfk^'nxan 

tE  ta'.^...     Kiimfntcin  si'n'xyun  tE  hitc,  "t'n  sl'^yax.      Mila^- 

a'tin,  na'han.^    A'i'''q  qiutcfl-ma  ta'yun  qamita'a'tin.     Mita'tc 

k"na.      Hr^sanxan    ta^.      Hi'^sinxan    hitsl'V     Linq!a''tx''nxan 

ta'klnxan  hitsi''.   Ya^'xa'nxan  h'tla'.  "1:  lIxux^  ya^'xaltin  ha^\^ 


15  Lxa'^p'stc  ya^xa^,  qfMtcyaa^'.  Sfn'xyun  lq!a''nu.  Toha^- 
yun  Iq.'a^nu.  Ya^^xanx  tuha^yun.  Kumrntcin  tcik  hitc 
ya^'xa'  ya^xun.  Sihftcin  xfntyax,  "In  tsfklya  his.  Tsi'- 
k.'yan  hi^siti  ha'\  "In  sihi'tc  xfntyax.  Kiimi^ntcin  tcik  hitc 
ya'xun.    Yaxa'^txa"x  ta'tc^ax  '  Iqla'nu,  "}a"x  t!rihat'ci'ntxa"x. 

20  Tcin'^^rfyusnE  4  qatc'^ni'yusnE.     Tcin^^'i'yutsma^x.     Kumfntc 

'  This  text  was  dictated  by  Louisa  Smith  herself.  Although  it  is  of  little  eth- 
nological value,  it  was  faithfully  recorded  word  by  word  in  order  to  demonstrate 
Eouisa's  failure  as  a  narrator. 

-  The  sense  of  the  next  sentence  shows  that  the  narrator  meant  to  say  "We 
lived  alone." 

3  It   was  hard   to   elucidate   what   the   narrator   intended  to   sav   in   this  sentence. 


lOI 


2  2.  The  Story  of  Louisa  Smith's  Childhood^ 
{Lozver    Umpqiia). 

My  father  was  a  very  good  man.  (He  and)  my  mother 
Hved  in  a  house.  My  mother  had  many  children.  My 
mother  was  a  pretty  woman.  She  hved  in  a  house.  I 
was  alone."  Our  house  was  not  situated  (near  that  of  any 
other)  people.  My  step-father  was  setting  traps.  He  set 
many  traps  while  we  lived  there.  And  I  knew  much  in 
my  mind."  I  staid  alone.  My  step-father.^  We  did  not 
live  near  (any  other)  people.  I  knew  a  great  deal.'^  (My 
step-father)  was  setting  many  traps.  Sometimes  he  would 
kill  a  deer.  We  used  to  dry  lots  of  salmon.  People 
came  often  to  us.  I  used  to  see  (their)  canoes.^  Then 
(another)  boat  would  come,  bringing  much  food.  Flounders 
were  frequently  brought.  Up  the  river,  w^iere  we  lived. ^ . . . 
I  did  not  want  a  man  (husband)  when  I  grew  up.  My 
mother  and  I.^  My  mother  kept  one  old  woman  (in  the 
house).  Perhaps  it  was  her  mother.  We  Hved  well. 
Our  house  was  good.  We  were  always  warm  in  this  our 
house.      We  had  lots  of  food.      I  knew  a  great  deal.^ 

(One  day)  five  (people  in)  number  (came)  from  the 
Umpqua  River.  They  wanted  (to  buy)  hides.  They  were 
buying  hides,  and  bought  a  great  many.  Nowhere  did  I 
see  many  people.  When  I  began  to  grow,  I  was  very 
pretty.  My  heart  was  very  glad  when  I  began  to  grow 
up.  Nowhere  did  I  see  people.  Whenever  their '^  (dual) 
hides  accumulated  (in  great  quantities),  they  two  sold  them. 
(The  hides)  would  be  packed  and  carried  away.  They 
two  (sometimes)  packed  their  (dual)  own  (hides),  (for  they) 

*  This  sentence   was   not   finished. 

5   For  Liu'utsmE.  "  Uwa'-'us/iE. 

''   Probably   those   of  her  mother  and   that  old  woman   whom  she  kept. 


I02 

kotana't.  Na'm'hnxan  tF/q  lAvIti'yusnK  tK  sfxa'.  LqlanQi'ml 
yixf'.  Tu'a't,  tsi'klya  )'i'ktax.  Wa'~  ycT^'xa'  tic  hitc,  s^a'tu' 
sfn^xya. 

L!ona'waxan.^     John   Gamier  xafi'.      Yaga  ~   pa^pa  -  (cor- 
5   rectin<;  herself)  mita'tc  hank!  hitc.^     Na^m'^linxan  tE'q  tatc 
miia. 

had  no  horses.  (Some  of)  our  relatives  would  (sometimes) 
bring  in  a  canoe  a  great  quantity  of  hides.  Of  such  (a 
size),  very  big.  No  matter  how  many  people  there  were, 
(everybody)  wanted  such  (hides). 

I  am  going  to  tell  it.^  John  Garnier  had  died.  His 
father  was  like  an  Indian. •■  His  mother  was  one  of  our 
relatives.* 


'   The   narrator  suddenly   turns   to   another  subject. 

2  Chinook  jargon. 

*  The   person   in  question   was  the  son   of  a   white   father  and   an    Indian   mother. 


O  1 


APPENDIX. 

The  Man  who  married  the  Bird-Woman.^ 


Not  far  from  the  Smith  River  Falls  there  lived  Old- 
Woman-Butter-Ball  and  her  grandson.  Her  children  had 
died  long  ago,  and  she  and  her  grandson  were  in  very 
poor  circumstances.  She  was  in  the  habit  of  going  to 
Tide- Water,  where  she  would  catch  salmon  and  dry  it 
for  winter  use.  As  the  boy  grew  up,  she  showed  him 
how  to  make  spears  and  how  to  catch  salmon.  The  boy 
learned  quickly,  and  was  soon  able  to  catch  salmon,  which 
his  grandmother  would  cut  and  dry. 

One  night  the  boy  dreamed  that  he  saw  a  very  pretty 
bird  perched  on  a  rock  way  up  on  the  Falls.  Upon 
awakening,  he  found  his  grandmother  crying ;  and  when 
he  asked  for  an  explanation,  she  said,  "I  heard  you  say 
in  your  sleep  that  you  intend  to  leave  me."  The  boy 
said  nothing,  but  fixed  his  spear  and  went  up  to  the  Falls. 
He  travelled  a  whole  day,  and  went  so  far,  that,  when 
night  overtook  him,  he  could  not  get  back  to  his  grand- 
mother. So  he  lay  down  under  a  tree  without  having 
eaten  anything  for  a  whole  day.  As  soon  as  he  fell 
asleep,  he  dreamed  of  the  same  bird  again,  and  was  told 
that  by  going  up  to  the  Falls  he  would  come  into  pos- 
session of  untold  wealth.  In  the  morning  he  made  a  fresh 
start,  and  soon  came  within  sight  of  the  Falls.    Approaching 

1  Told  by  Louis  Smith,  a  full-blooded  Lower  Umpqua  Indian. 
[103] 


I04 

nearer,  he  saw  salmon   in  j^reat  quantities ;  but  he  did  not 
attemjot  to  spear  any,   and   kept   on   climbin*^   up. 

I  laving-  arrived  at  the  very  summit,  he  perceived  a 
rock  sticking  out  from  the  water,  and  on  it  was  perched 
a  pretty,  little  bird.^  He  tried  to  spear  it;  but  the  bird 
was  elusive,  and  soon  disappeared  in  the  Falls.  Looking 
closer,  he  saw  it  in  the  water,  and  decided  to  dive  after 
it.  He  dove  down,  and  came  to  a  house  in  front  of  which 
sat  a  pretty,  young  girl.  The  girl  took  him  into  the 
house,  and  introduced  him  to  her  parents  as  her  husband. 
The  house  was  inhabited  by  difterent  kinds  of  animals. 
He  saw  there  panthers,  cougars,  snakes,  and  other  beasts. 
At  first  these  animals  were  angry  at  him,  because  he  was 
a  stranger  -,  and  the  boy  felt  very  uneasy,  especially  as 
he  saw  many  human  and  animal  bones  piled  up  in  one 
corner.  But  his  wife  dispelled  his  fears,  and  he  soon 
made  friends  among  his  new  relatives. 

The  next  day  his  father-in-law  arranged  a  dance  in  his 
honor.  Many  people  participated  in  it.  The  boy  kept 
close  to  his  wife,  and  hardly  touched  any  of  the  food  that 
was  served  in  great  quantities  to  the  guests.  At  the 
termination  of  the  dance  the  boy  was  told  that  he  would 
have  to  go  back  to  his  people  within   five  days. 

In  the  mean  time  his  grandmother  worried  because  of 
his  prolonged  absence,  went  down  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Umpqua  River,  where  some  of  her  relatives  lived,  and 
asked  them  to  help  her  look  for  her  grandson.  A  large 
party  set  out  in  search  of  him,  and  he  was  soon  tracked 
to  the  bottom  of  the  Falls.  The  searchers  were  afraid, 
to  go  any  farther,  and  proposed  to  give  up  the  quest ; 
but  upon  the  urgent  appeal  of  the  old  woman,  two  young 
warriors  started  up  the  Falls,  where  they  found  the  young 
boy's    spear,    but    no    traces    of   the    boy    himself.      They 

'  Compare  Coos  Texts,  p.   187. 


i05 

brought  back  the  spear,  and  even  Old-Woman-Butter-Ball 
had  to  admit  that  her  grandson  was  lost  forever. 

In  the  mean  time  the  boy  and  his  wife  were  getting 
ready  to  leave.  Before  they  started,  the  father-in-law  gave 
him  a  whale  for  his  people,  and  ordered  his  slaves  to 
take  it  into  the  canoe.  When  they  were  ready  to  start, 
the  woman  said  to  him,  "Jump  on  my  back,  and  keep 
your  eyes  shut  until  I  tell  you  to  open  them  again."  He 
did  as  he  was  ordered,  and  they  began  to  travel  so  fast 
that  he  heard  the  wind  whistle  past  his  face.  After  a 
while  they  got  into  the  canoe  and  began  to  travel  on 
water.  He  heard  the  roaring  waves  beating  against  the 
riffles,  but  did  not  for  a  moment  even  open  his  eyes. 
Soon  his  wife  told  him,  "Now  you  may  look."  He  opened 
his  eyes,  and  saw  that  they  were  on  the  ocean. 

They  kept  on  travelling,  and  finally  landed  at  Tsaxinitc,^ 
where  they  found  the  whale  given  to  the  boy  by  his 
father-in-law.  The  boy  was  so  changed  that  his  relatives 
did  not  recognize  him.  He  soon  sent  for  his  grandmother, 
and  invited  all  the  people  to  partake  of  the  whale  that 
had  come  ashore  during  his  journey.  He  arranged  a  feast 
consisting  of  dancing,  shinny-games,  and  shooting  at  a 
target.  During  the  progress  of  the  feast  he  related  his 
adventures  to  his  people.  At  the  end  of  his  narration  he 
was  appointed  chief  of  the  tribe. 

The  new  chief  did  not  stay  long  at  Tsaxinitc.  After 
a  while  he  took  his  wife  and  grandmother  and  went  to 
Winchester  Bay,   where  he  established  his  home. 

Some  time  afterwards  the  people  whom  he  had  left  at 
Tsaxinitc  decided  to  kill  him.  They  sent  some  of  their 
best  warriors  with  instructions  to  kill  him  at  any  cost ; 
but  every  time  they  shot  at  him,  he  would  dive  into  the 
water    and    emerge    again    untouched.      Then    the    people 

'   A  settlement   situated  five  miles   north  of  the   Umpqua  River   bar. 


io6 

knew  that  he  possessed  supernatural  powers,  and  abandoned 
their  designs  upon   his  hfe.^ 

After  a  while  he  sent  two  Coots  in  all  directions, 
instructing-  them  to  gather  together  at  Winchester  Bay 
the  people  from  all  four  quarters  of  the  world.  The  Coots 
went  everywhere,  saying,  "Butter-Ball  invites  you  to  come 
to  his  house."  Pretty  soon  canoes  began  to  come  from  all 
directions,  loaded  with  all  kinds  of  people.  Butter-Ball 
had  prepared  a  feast  for  them,  and  they  played  all  kinds 
of  games  for  five  days.  On  the  fifth  day  Butter-Ball  told 
the  assembled  people  that  this  was  going  to  be  his  last 
day  among  them.  He  then  gave  them  different  names, 
changing  them  into  all  kinds  of  birds,  whereupon  he  took 
his  wife  and  left  Winchester  Bay.  He  has  never  been 
heard  of  since. 

'  The  narrator  was  not  sure  that  his  memory  of  this  episode  was  correct. 


VOCABULARY. 

The  same  causes  that  prevented  me  from  collecting  a 
sufficient  number  of  native  Lower  Umpqua  myths  and 
traditions,  also  rendered  the  compilation  of  a  complete 
and  exhaustive  vocabulary  of  this  language  an  impossible 
task.  None  of  the  few  informants  that  were  available 
remembered  enoug^h  stems  and  words  to  enable  me  to 
compile  a  thorough  dictionary  of  the  two  dialects  that  com- 
prise the  Siuslaw  linguistic  family.  An  attempt,  however, 
has  been  made  to  render  this  vocabulary  as  comprehensive 
as  could  be  expected  under  existing  conditions,  by  incor- 
porating into  it,  besides  my  own  material,  a  collection  of 
words  and  stems  at  the  present  writing  in  the  possession 
of  the  Bureau  of  American  Ethnology,  Washington,  D.  C. 
This  collection  consists  of  short  vocabularies  obtained  for 
the  Bureau  by  George  P.  Bissell  in  1881,  by  J.  Owen 
Dorsey  in  1884,  and  by  Dr.  John  I.  Milhau  (date  of 
collection  not  given).  These  vocabularies  are  reproduced 
here  by  permission  of  the  Bureau  of  American  Ethnology. 
Dorsey's  material  contains  both  Siuslaw  and  Lower  Umpqua 
stems,  while  that  of  the  other  two  investigators  seems  to 
be  confined  exclusively  to  the  latter  dialect.  As  is  to  be 
expected,  the  phonetic  spelling  of  these  early  collectors 
differs  materially  from  the  one  I  had  adopted ;  this  being 
especially  true  of  Bissell's  and  Milhau's  systems.  I  was 
therefore  unable,   in  a  good  many  instances,   to  transcribe 

[107] 


io8 

into  my  own  phonetic  system  words  that  were  not  familiar 
to  me  throuorh  personal  investigation ;  and,  rather  than 
omit  these  words  entirely,  I  put  them  down  as  they  were 
written  by  their  respective  collectors,  placing  after  them 
the  initials  B.,  D.,  or  M.  (abbreviations  for  Bissell,  Dorsey, 
and  Milhaii).  To  this  vocabulary  I  have  added,  further- 
more, an  alphabetical  list  of  all  the  prefixes  and  suffixes 
found  in  the  Lower  Umpqua  language,  with  the  object 
in  view^  of  facilitating  for  the  student  the  grammatical 
analysis  of  these  texts. 

All  words  and  stems  are  classed  according  to  their 
initial  sounds,   and  are  arranged  in  the  following  order : 

E  b,  p,  //,  ;;/ 

a,  a,  a,  a',  a"  d^  t,  /',  //,  /',  n 

c,    c  s,  c 

I,    i,  a^ ,  y  is,  tc,  ts\  tc\  ts! ,  tc! 

0,  0,  u,  fe,  a~'  g,  /;,  ha,  k\  k! ,  k!w 

70,  h  q,  qw,  q!,  q.'w 

I,  1-,  t,  L,  l! 

The  long  diphthong  a'  has  purposely  been  placed  after 
the  long  I,  because  they  frequently  interchange.  In  a  simi- 
lar manner  a"  follows  the  lonof  u  because  of  an  identical 
interchange.  The  numerals  that  follow  each  word  refer 
to  page  and  line  of  the  present  volume.  The  Roman 
numerals  that  precede  some  of  these  references  denote 
the  type  to  which  a  verbal  stem  belongs,  while  numerals 
preceded  by  the  section-mark  (§)  indicate  the  section  in 
my  grammatical  sketch,  mentioned  in  the  Introduction. 
Thus,  "1.80.6;  i:^  24"  indicates  that  the  stem  belongs  to 
the  first  class  of  verbs  discussed  in  section  24  of  the 
grammar,  and  that  the  example  will  be  found  on  p.  80, 
line  6,   of  the  present  volume. 


I09 


Lower  Umpqua  —  English, 


ayaq-,  see  a'q-     §112 

awihin-,     to  lose  I.  §  24 

a'hi,     dung  §  98 

amina'ha"t  tsxayu'"',     noon 

amina'ha't  qa'xl'si,     midnight 

amha-,     to   be   willing   1. 16. 4,  6;  20.7,  8; 

§  24 
a'mha*tx,     in  the  middle  §  119 
ata's,     only,   merely,   simply   28.7;  29.7; 

50.21;  §  130 
anax-,  sec  anx-     §   112 
a'nti,     rainbow 

ants,     that,  those  7.1.2,  5;  8.6;  §  115 
ants,     when,  if  {see  nats) 
anx-,     to  give  up,  to  let  loose,  to  leave 

alone  I.16.8;  27.5  ;  54.12  :  §  24 
anxi-,     to  sing  II.  §  24 
as-,  see  a''s-     §112 
asut-,     to  put  on  I.  §  24 
aswit'I',     blanket,  cover  §  98 
a'cklaii,  dubitative  particle  42.9;  68.14, 15; 

§  127 
ats,     when,   if,   at   that  time   16.8;  18.5; 

i9.3;90.ii;  §  120 
a'tsa,      thus,    for    that    reason    15.5,  8; 

§§  96,  121 
atsi'tc,      thus,    in    that    manner    11.2,4; 

17.4;  §§  94,  121 
"k"ha'n,     exhortative  particle  §  129 
a'l'du,  also,  likewise  16.4;  22.8;  34.16-17; 

§§  125,  135 
at'q,     one   18.7;  30.20-22 ;  §   116 
a'l'qxa"t,     nine  §  116 

aq-,     to  take  off  1.13,1;  §  24 

aq-,     to  run  away  I.52.10;  86.15 ;  §  24 

aL,     now  72.23;  §  126 

aLu-,     to  pulverize  I.  §  24 

a'sxa,     also,   too,  likewise  30.22;  32.12; 
§§  125,   135 


a'tc-,     to  trade  1.36.4,7,16;  §  24 

a'q-,      to   leave   1. 56. 5-6,  17  ;  60.4;    §   24 

(evidently  related  to  aq-  to  run  away) 
a'qtcitcu'ni,     (the)  left  §  102 
a'xwi'yu,     addition  §  97 
a"lal,    then,  afterwards  32.20;  34.3;  92.19; 

§  120 

a''s-,      to    sleep,    to    dream    I.23.9 124.1; 

§24 
a"tc  wa'as,     Kalapuya  language 
a^tci'yus,     locative  form  of  ^."tcl'^i  98.11- 

12;  §  86 
a"'tcisi,    camas  96.18,  20-21 ;  98. 12  ;  §  105 

inqla'i,  inq.'a'a',     river,  creek  12.6;  30.20, 

23;  §  98 
iiqQtmi',    locative  form  of  itqwa"'tEm  §  86 

itqwa^'tEm,        root;     alder-tree     92.5-6; 
§  105 

liq-,     to  dig  1.80.6;  84.1-2,4;  §  24 

I'lqust,     up-rooted  §  66 

I'Llust,     broken  {see  yuL!-  atid  §  66) 

yEku's,      locative  form    of  ya%''s    62.2; 

66.3;  §  86 
yau'wa,     red  huckleberries 
yaw-,      to    pick,    to    gather,   to    obtain 

1.36.18;  88.5;94.i7;  §  24 
ya'k,     black  goose 
ya%"s,     sea-lion  62.4,  7, 10;  64.1 
yaqu'-,     to  look,  to  watch,  to  see  II.9.1; 

23-9;  §  24 
yax-,     to   see,  to  look  I, IV. 13. 7;  20.10; 

24-5;  §  24 
ya'xa",  number  62.ii,i6;§97  (x^i?  ya"'xa') 
yaxn-,     to  watch  1. 40. 23;  §  24   {related 

to  yax-  see  §  81) 
yalq-,  see  ilq-     §112 
yalqa'a",     hole  84.6,9;  §  97 


I  lO 


ya'tsa,  a  long  time  1 1.3  ;  24.9;  72.10; 
§  120 

ya'tsac  iJa'"',  after  a  while,  long  after- 
wards 42.3;  80.3;  ^  120 

yak!-,     small  29.4;  36.23 

yil'^'xa,      a   great  deal,  much   10.6;  23.5; 

ya'xa',     much,  many  8.5-6;  16.6;  ^121 

yikt,     big,   large  25.2  ;  40.6  ;  48.8;  ^  104 

yikt'a'ntxu  tcmitq,     thumb 

yiq!a"-,     to  split  I.  §  24 

yixi",     quantity  102.2;  §  98  [see  ya^'xa') 

yixum-,     to   look   out,   to   watch  1. 94.1; 

§  24  {evidently  related  to  yax-) 
yoqu'-,  see  yaqu'- 
yuw,  see  yavv- 

yuha"tc,     day  before  yesterday 
yux",     too,  too  much   12. i;  §  121 
yup-,     to  scare  I.  §  24 
yii'sin,     beard 
yu'qlat  tsi'tlxa,    half-moon  {/iterally,  split 

moon) 
yuL!-,     to  break  1. 94. 4;  ^  24 
ya"'xa,     fern-roots  80.18-19  ;  98.15 
ya"'xa"s,     locative  form  of  ya°'xa  ^  86 

"J,  then,  so,  and,  nevertheless,  still,  but, 
for  7.4  6;  8.6;  9.6;  13.5;  14.1 ;  15.7; 
§125 

uma'li,  discriminative  form  of  u'mh 
§  III 

u'mli,     thunder  36.8;  §  98 

u'iti,     snow  76.10;  §  98  {sec  wait-) 
a",     interjection  §  131 
a""twa,     tight 

waa-,     to    say,   to  speak,  to  talk,  to  tell 

I,lV.7.i-2,4;8.i;9.8;  ^  24 
wa'as,     language,    word,    speech    30.23; 

32.5 
wa',    waha,     again,  once  more  11.2,11; 

i9-5;38-8;  §§  126,  135 
wan,  now,  finally,  at  last  7.4-7;  9.1 ;  §  126 


wasi.si-,     to  be  angry,  to  be  mad  II. 36.1 1- 

12;  50-23;  ^  24 
watc,     who,  whoever  io.i;4o.i5;  ^  123 
wax-,     to  give  1.18.2,5;  19.3;  ^  24 
wah-,     to  snow  I.  §  24 
wa'nwits,     long  ago  14.7;  15. i;  ^  120 
waqun-,  to  throw  ujjdirt  (of  mole)I.96.i9; 

§  24 
wap  (B),     eel-basket 
wa",     even,  although,  in  spite  of  the  fact 

14.1 ;  23.6;  §   128 
wi'naki,     work  §  98 
winki-,     to  work  11. 50. 6;  §  24 
winx-,     to  be  afraid,  to  fear  1. 17.6;  58.13; 

§  24 
wi'cwic  (B,  M),     buffalo 
witslu'we  (D),     food 
wikisa't,     handkerchief 
wiJtc-,     to  send  1. 92. 19-20;  §  24 
wiya'a',     smoke-hole  §  98 
wi'yu,     still,  yet  §  120 
wi'mitc,     rat 
wi''taya,     island  34.17 
winu'-,     to  be  willing  I.  ^  24 
wltsin-,     to   camp,  to  stay  over  night  I. 

§  24 
Willi-,      to    agree,    to    affirm    I,  IV. 17. 7; 

30.11;  §  24 
wiL-,     the   water  is   low    1. 34.22;  36.17 ; 

§  24 
wi'La',     low  tide  §  98 
WUS1-,      to    feel   sleepy   II. 26.1,  5;  40.1; 

50.3;  §  24  {related  to  a"s-) 

haya'mut,  discriminative  form  ry"ha"mrit 

60.22,  24;  72.12  ;  ^   II I 
haya'na,    discriminative  from    of  ha''na 

12.8;  §   III 
haya'tit,     widow,  widower 
hau-,     to  be  ready,  to  make,  to  cpiit,  to 

end,   to  finish,   to  become  I,  IV.S.ro; 

II. 4;  14.6;  23.10;  32.8;  §  24 
ha'us,     easy  46.11 
hawa'tsit,     new  §  104 


Ill 


hami''tci,     whale  82.4-5,7,9,21;  §  98 
hamitcu',  locative  form  <'/"  hami''tci  82.6; 

§  86 
hamli^m,     pigeon;  hu'mun  (D,  B) 
hamts-,     to  dip  out,  to  scoop  out  1. 46. 6; 

§  24 
hamx-,     to  tie  1.8.6;  §  24 
hant'-,     to  call  by  name  1. 58.16;  §  24 
han'nit!-,      to    believe,    to    trust    1. 46. 3; 

78.1-2;  §  24 
hani's,     Alsea 
ha'nhan,      indeed,    verily,    sure    enough 

7-4,6;  ii.5;3o.6;   §  127 
hank!,     kind  of,  like  54.11 ;  70.15  ;§  127 
hask"-,     to  be  outside,  to  get  out  1. 62.1 5; 

§  24 
hatca't,    long,  tall  48.2;  76.1 ;  92.21 ;  §  104 
hate'-,      to    ask,    to   inquire   1.66.16,23; 

68.3;  §  24 
hak"-,     to  throw,  to  fall  1. 8. 7;  88.8;  90.12; 

§  24 
ha'kwi,     mussels  44.19;  82.2;  ^  98 
hat-,     to  shout  I.ii.ro;  13.11 ;  §  24 
hati'iqwun,     loon 

haik!,  halk!,    story,  tradition  38.18  ;  40.16 
ha'nik,     yes  §  131 

ha",     heart,  mind,  opinion  8.4,9;  ^°-^ 
ha'm  (B),     garters 
ha"mut,     all  9.5;  10.9;  §  124 
ha"na,     different  11. 2;  54.7;  §  96 
ha"'ni,     vest  §  98 

ha"tsi,     nothing   but,  only  78.14;  §  130 
ha'q,     shore,   away    from   the  shore;  {as 

verb)  to  go  ashore  26.7,9;  44-i9;  §119 
ha"qmas,     alongside   of,   near,   close  by 

25-4;26.i;36.27;  §   119 
ha-wi'yu,     shaft  §  97 
ha^vi's,     beyond 
he,     interjection  13.5;  §  131 
hi'yut  (B),     a  silent  person 
hin%!-,      to    rain    11.76,18-19,21;  78.1; 

§  24 
hil'a'xwa,     salt 
hi'a',     clouds  ^  98 


hims,     clams  82.3 

hi'tu,     windpipe 

hitu's,     locative  form  ^y  hitc  25.3;  66.14; 

§86 
hitu'tc,     locative  form  of  \\\\.c  7.5;  30.2; 

§86 
hui-,     to  take  along,  to  bring  1. 9. 5  ;  23.2; 

25-1;  §  24 
hi'nak!',     right  away  20.1-2;  §  120 
hrnixLis,     lame 
his,     good,   pretty,  beautiful  23.7;  24.8; 

38.21 
hi'sa,     well,  straight  12.2,  7  ;  32.19;  §96 
hi's'tcu'ni,     (the)  right  §  102 
hi'catca,       a    little    while     36.24;  64.8; 

§§  96,  120 
hits-,     to  put  on  1. 11.7-8;  §  24 
hitsi's  locative  form  ^y^  hitsi"    30.6;  48.7; 

§  86 
hitsl",    house,  dwelling  25.2,  7  ;  48.9 ;  §  98 
hitc,     man,   person,  people,  Indian  7.1; 

12.3,10;  102.5 
hlq",     wildcat  34.17;  70.24 
hi'qu',     hair  29.4;  34.16 
hiq!-,     to   begin,   to  start,  to  commence 

1,11.10.4;  15-1;  §  24 
hi'qia,     dentalia  shells,  money  70.6;  74.19 
hixt,     wild  §  104 
h'yan-  see  hin-     §§  7,  112 
h'yats-  see  hits-  §§  7,  112 
h'yatc,  discriminative  form  of  \\\tc   13.10; 

14-5;  15-2;  §  III 
h'ya'q",  discrimijiativefor)nof\viC^  ri.ii; 

§   III 
hyii'wax,     old 

ho'nisi,     dusk  §  105  {see  hun-) 
huya-  (?),     to  change  19.2;  28.7 
hu^n-,     to  be  foggy,  to  be  dark  1. 34.8-9; 

§  24 
hutc-,     to  play,   to   have   fun  1. 7. 2;  9.6; 

17-3;  §  24 
hutca",     fun,  game  9.6;  10.5;  §  98 
hutcu'",     fun,  game   ii.i;i6.6;  §  97 
hutcu'"',     fun,  game  8.5;  20.5;  §  97 


1  r  2 


hu'qats,     frog 

hux"-,     to  bark  1.  ^  24 

hu'-,     to  be  lost  (?)  1.68.2,8;  ^  24 

ha",      yes,    all    right    21.8;  22.3-4;  98.2  ; 

§  131 
hwu'nhwun,     black  ^  109  {str  hun-) 

biikvva'ct,     bull 

])Ena's,     discriminative    form    of   pEni's 

86.7;  ^   III 

pEiii's,     skunk  86.1,3;  88.7 

pEsa'x,     spear  78.16 

pEk"-  see  pak"- 

pEku",     shinny  stick  78.5;  ^  97 

pEku'",  shinny  player,  shinny  game  70.18; 

§  97 

pEku'"',      shinny    player,    shinny    game 

70.7,9-10,17;  §  97 
})Eh'tc,     ahead,  in  front,  first  10. i;  32.18; 

paa"'"',     sand-beach  34.14;  §  97 

p"a'yim,     red  fox 

payana'ts  (D.B),     bat 

pahu'"',  codfish  ^  97 

paqa"'ux,     morning  star 

pak"-,  paku-,     to  play  shinny  ball  1. 9. 4; 

70.4,7,9-10;  ^  24 
pax-,      to    shut   (one's   eye)   1.36.16,20; 

§  24 
pa'ltpa  (B),     shoulder 
pa'lquts,    discriminative  form  of  pi'tquts 

§   III 
paLn-,   paa'Ln,     to    hunt    1. 15.3;  82.17; 

§§  12,24 
pa'nu,    well,  spring  [Lo^oer  Umpqua  term) 
pa'nqa,    medicine-man,  doctor  (jYt'pinq-) 
pa'kwl,  shinny  stick  §  98  {see  paku-) 
pa '"last,     spotted,  grey  §  104 
pa'l'u,     well,  spring  76.12  §97  [Siusiaw 

term) 
pina'k  (B),     garden   {probably  borrowed 

from  the  Alsea  pEni'k*,  outside) 
pini'it,     sharp  ^   104 
jnnq-,    to  dance  a  medicine-dance  1.86.  i ; 

§  24 


]ji'nqa',     medicine-dance  86.4;  §  98 

})inq-,     to  raise  I.  §  24 

pisni",     a  boil  ^  98 

jjictci",     tattoo-marks  §  92 

pi  Ik  (B),     mat 

pi'iquts,     raccoon   70.24 

pin-,    to  be  noisy,  to  make  a  noise  I.29.1 ; 

36.24;  §  24 
piCil-,     to  catch  fish  1. 54. 22;   §  24 
pi'sij),     fish-hawk 

prctcEm,     summer  46.11;  54.2;  §  105 
pi'*tsis,     ocean,    sea,   west    36.17;  44.1; 

64.13 
pitc-,     to  go  over  1.88. 14   15,  18;  §24 
pi'tci,     wave 
poq",     revolver,  gun 
pTi'tcin,     halibut 
puk"-     see  pak"- 

pu'cjwe  (D),     grampus;  porpoise  (B) 
pu'puhu'nik!,     owl 
puna'puna',     mole  96.19;  ^109 
pu'ktici,     grizzly-bear  §  98 
pu'tkna,     to  speak  1. 36. 5;  §  24 
psTx  (D,  B),     soup 

pk'i'ti,     lake  34.11, 13;  62.17-18;  §  98 
pxuc-,     to  fly,  to  scatter  I.  §  24 
pxu"pxu',     sorrel,  yellow  §  109 
ptanya',     see  phi- 
phi-,     to  be  sick,   to  be  sorry    1.15.4,7; 

40.20-21 ;  §  24 
ptnast,     a   sick   person    86.15,19;  88.1; 

§  66 
phii'si,     sickness,  cough  §  105 

plfxu'n,     kinnikinnik-berries  82.1 
pli'huts!,     house-mouse 
p!ic,     cat 

m^yo'^k's,    in  the  beginning,  at  first  82.1 1 ; 

§   120 
niEtci'tc,      to    one   side,    crooked    70.5; 

94.2  ;  §  94  {see  mate-) 
niEkct,     fat  90,16;  §   104 
niEkh',     mother-in-law  §  20 


113 


niEqlyu'",     a   dance,    dancer  26.6;  §  97 

{see  maq!-) 
ma'i,     kidney  §  98 
maha''t'I,     north  wind  §  98 
mat-,    to  make  dams,  to  dam  up  I.48.11; 

50.12^13;  §  24 
man-,     to  take  care  of,  to  watch  1. 22. 2; 

38.13;  §  24 
mate-,     to   be  in    a  horizontal   position 

1.32.19,21;  36.27;  §  24 
ma'tcfi,     bed  §  97 
maq!-,     to    dance    II. 19. 2;  28.7;   72.10, 

12-13;  §  24 
maxtc,     horn,  antlers 
make-,    to  burn  1. 25. 2,  6;  26.7;  29.3;  §  24 
ma'itcu,     chimney,  stove  §  97 
m^a'ti,     chief,   captain,  leader  8.9;  10.2; 

§  98 
ma'ti,     dam  48.10;  50.4;  §  98  {see  n\d.t-) 
mat!!',     elder  brother  50.8-9552.9;  §20 
ma'q"L,     crow  34.23  ;  36.6 
mita,     father  52.8;  54.22;  §  20 
mita'yus,     locative  form  of  mita  §  86 
mitiyu'",    the  art  of  making  dams  48. 1 1 ; 

§  97  {see  mat-) 
mitku-,     to  have  pity  on  I.72.14;   §  24 
mitquni'q",     raven 

mitla'sk'in,  step-father  100.3-5;  §§  20,83 
minni'  (B),     blaze 
mintc,     when,  time  §  126 
minq!-,     to  buy  in  exchange  for  II. 76. 3; 

§  24 
minxu-,    to  lighten  I.36.1 5;  38.5-6;  §24 
mi'n'xwi,     lightning  38.2;  §  98 
misa'yus,     locative  form   of  misi'a'    40. 

12-13  ;  92.20;  §  86 
misi'a',     elder  sister  40.11;  90.23;  §  20 
mictca'yus,    locative  form  of  mictci"  §  86 
mictci",    younger  sister  38.20;  40.2  ;  §  20 
mi'ck'la',    a  bad  thing,  a  monster;  vulva 

26.5;  88.10;  §  98 
mi'tcmitc,     grouse 
mixt,     fat  §  104 
milt  (B),     claw 

8 — COL.    UNIV.    CONTRIB.    ANTHROP.    —    VOL.    IV. 


miia,     mother  54.23;  56.2;  §  20 

mila'yus,     locative  form  of  mila  §  86 

miiask'i'kma,     step-mother  §§  20,84 

Mi'sun,     proper  name 

mik"-,     to  cut  I.82.14;  90.5,  7  ;  §  24 

mi'kia,     bad,  ugly   12.10;  14.1,7;  §  96 

mix-,     to  swim  I.  §  24 

mittx,     finger-nail 

ma^'q!",    white-headed  eagle ;  rattle-snake 

(B,  M) 
m'ya'k.'a,     discriminative  form  of  mi'k!a 

15.2;  §  tti 
mo'luptsini'sla,     coyote     30.1;  76.19,21 

{Alsea  loan-word) 
m^u'sk",     younger    brother    40.18;  56.6, 

10;  §  20 
m^qwa  L,     locative  form  of  ma'q"L  34. 2 1 ; 

^(>-y,  %  86 

mu'a-s,     white  goose 

mun(i),     son-in-law  §  20 

mu'smus,     cow  [Chinook  Jargo/i) 

mu"sku'l"ma,     step-brother  §§  20, 84 

mu'xwa,     oak 

mu'l'u,     breech-cloth  belt 

tE,     this,  these  7.5  ;  15.6;  18.8;  §  115 
tEma',     exhortative  particle  29.2;  §  129 
tEmu-,     to  gather,  to  assemble,  to  come 

together  I.7.i,3;  5"^ ;  23.3  ;  §  24 
tEmu'"',  assembly,  gathering,  crowd  16.7; 

§  97 
tE'mniL,     gopher 
tE'mk!wil"a,     mullet 
tE'mxut,     half  §  124 
tEkla'kLl,     trap  100.4, 7 
tE'q,     something;     relative     10.7;   13.2; 

20.6;  §  123 
tE'qa'''na,     locative  form  of  tE'q   72.17; 

§  123 
tEqyu'",     frame  80.7,9;  §  97 
tEx,  dubitative  article  12.10;  i5.7;46.22; 

§  127 
tEx"m,     strong  8.9;  10.  i 
tExya',     locative  form  of  ta'xa'  §  86 


114 


tExmil"a'mi,     discrintinafivc   form    of 

tE.xmi'l-ma  76.15;  §   iii 
tExmu'ni,     the   strong  one,    male  being, 

man  30.21-22  ;  32.3  ;  §102  (jvr  tKx"m) 
tExm"\va'ni,     discriininath'e    form    of 

tExmu'ni  40.9-10;  58.7  ;  §   iii 
ta'wt  (D,  B),     louse 
taha'nik,     quiver  70,24 
ta''mt,     Siletz 
ta'knis  (B),     scalp 
Taqa'ya,     proper  name 
taqn-,     to  be  full,  to  be  satiated  1. 70.3; 

§  24 
taq!i'vvi,     brother-in-law  §  20 
ta'xtEm  (B,  M),     body 
ta'xa',     huckleberries  §  98 
ta'lits,     after    a    while,     later    on     50.2; 

§  120 
ta"k,    this  here  17.7  ;  t8.i  ;  32.9,  12;  §115 

{sec   tE) 

ta'maxt,     brother-in-law  50.20;  §  20 
ta'qan,     locative  for  jii  of  tE'q  48.1 ;  §  123 
taqa"na,     locative  form    of    tE'q     18.5; 

36.12;  §  123 
ta'qnis,     full,     crowded     25.2;   54.5    (sec 

taqn-) 
ta^'xa,     sole  of  foot 
ta'la,     money  {C7ii/iook  Jargon) 
ta'-,  ti-,    to  live,  to  sit  1. 16.2  ;  25.4;  32.20; 

§24 
ta"yu  (B),     hip 
ta"'wEx  (D),     horse  {related  to  the  Alsea 

tawa^'iyu) 
te'mxan,     daughter-in-law  §  20 
tipu-,  to  be  stiff  I.  §  24 
ti'mwa,     together  40.18;  54.1;  §  121 
timsqaya't,     bitter,  sour  §  104 
tint,     ripe  §  104  {sec  tin-) 
titcno'tci  (B),     swallow 
tiL,     a  while  58.19;  §   126 
tiyu'"',     inhabitant,    settler    24.4:    §    97 

(see  ta'-) 
tiu'ts,     there   17.3;  §   119 
tl'ta',     chair,  saddle  §§  98,  109  {see  ta'-) 


tin-,     to  ripen  I.96.9;98.7;  §  24 

tinl,     niece,  step-daughter  §   20 

tl'tcni  (B,  M),     forehead 

trk,     here  25.3:  56.19;  §  119 

ta'k,     here  56.5  6,  16;  §  119 

t"vvatc-,     see  tu'tc-  §  112 

to'x"s  (B),     ceiling 

tukteni'uk  (B),     black-bird 

tu'ktuk,     deaf  §  109 

tu,  tua',     that  one  88.12;  90.23;  ^115 

tii'a't,     such,  that  kind   102.2:   ^   115 

tuha-,  t!uha-,     to    buy,    to  sell    1.74.5,8, 

17-18;  76.6;  100.19;  §  24 
tuhatca^'mu,     store  §  103 
tuti'm,     over  there  72.3;  §   119 
tu'n-,     to  invite  1. 16. 2;   §   24 
tu'tc-,     to  spear  1. 8. 7  ;  56.15  ;  62.2;  §24 
tuqa'tmE,     over  there,  across  §   119 
tuqya'a",     up-stream     32.21     {related    to 

tqa"wi-) 
tkunt  (B),     shag 
tkum-,     to    close,    to    shut,    to    dam    \\\> 

1,48.8;  50.4,13;  78.3;   §  24 
tkuma'a',     door  §  98 
tkwam-,     see  tkum-  §  112 
tk\va''tsi,     i)encil,    ink,    mark    §    98   {see 

kuts-) 
tkwi'-,  to  bury,  to  cover  with  dirt  1. 40. 22  ; 

80.10;  §  24 
tqati'yat,     dear,  expensive  §  104 
tqaL-,     to  be  warm  I.  ^  24 
tqa'wi,     roof  §  105 
tqa'ti,     hook  §  98  {see  qat-) 
tqa"'wi,     up-stream  54.23  ;  56. 8, 12 
tqu'ni,     smoke  §  98  \see  tquni-) 
tcj^nL-,     to  urinate  I.  §  24 
tquni-,     to   smoke    {intransitive)   1. 29. 5: 

§  24 
tqut-,     to  shout  1,52.8;  76.16-17  ;  §  24 
tqu'-,     to  boil  by  means  of  rocks  1. 98. 3  ; 

§24 
t(j"u'nlis  (D),     yellow  {Siiislaw  term) 
tqluts  (D),     paint 
t(i!a"'wi,     ceiling  §  98 


115 


txa'n*^,     tracks,  path,  road  48.22;  56.10, 

13-14;  84.1,3 
txu,     just,    merely,    simply     11.9;  12.1; 

42.2;  46.11;  §   130 

t'ix,     tooth  90.19 
t'u'nixyu,     pocket  §  97 
t'xuli't,     straight  §   104 

t.'Emxu-,     to  cut  into  two  I.48.12  ;  52.23- 

24;   §  24 
t!Em}',     to  close,  to  shut  I.  §  24 
t!amc,     infimt,    child    30.23;  34.6  ;  40.19 
t!a't,     nephew,  step-son  §  20 
tlatla'^c,     wren 

t!a"'sits!i,     maternal  uncle  §  20 
t.'ax-,     to  try,  to  attempt  1.50,14, 19 ;  §  24 
t!ilmis  (D),     child  {Siuslaw  term) 
t!l,     brown  bear  12.4;  34.16 
t.'iya",     discriminative  form  of  \}a   12.3; 

58.14;  §  III 
tli'wax,     new,  fresh 
tli'wist,     sunset 
t!i'sa,     greasy,  fat  82.8;  §  96 
tl'yas'yu'"',     grease,    blubber  82.5  ;   §  97 

t'a'ntuq!wi,     moccasins,  shoes  §  98 
t'i'ti  (B),     pestle 
t'!a'l-t'!al-,     tongue  §  109 

na,     I  21.3,6,8;  22.1 ;  §   113 
na,     interrogative  particle  74.7;  §  131 
na'han,     1. 19. 9  ;  20.2  ;  40.14;   §   113 
nam'^t    (=  na-Eml),      my    20.6;  21.2,  5; 

§  114 

na'm''tTta"xun,     our  t'wo  (exclusive)  §  114 
na'm'litin,     my  36.13;  §  114 
na'm^iitins,     our  two  {inclusive)  §   114 
na'm'^titinxan,     our  {exclusive)  §   114 
na'm'lit'nl,     our  [iuclusive)  §   114 
na'm'Jin,     my  §   114 
na'm^iins,  our  two  {inclusive)  §   114 
na'm^iinxan,     our     {exclusive)     102.1,5; 
§  114 


na'm^ilnl,     our  {inclusive)  §  114 
na'm^iixiin,  our  two  {exclusive)  §   114 
nans,     we  two  {inclusive)  §  113 
na'nxan,     we  {exclusive)  72.6;  §  113 
nant,     we  {inclusive)  §  113 
nats,     if,  when  22.1;  29,7-8;  §  121  {see 

ants) 
natc,     to    me,   on   me,  for  me,  with  me 

i2.2;44.5-6;  §  113 
na'tca^xun,   to   us  two  {exclusive)  §  113 
na'tc^ns,     to   us    two    {inclusive)    52.13; 

§  113 

na'tc*'nxan,     to  us  {exclusive)  §  113 
na'tc'nl,     to  us  {inclusive)  §  113 
naqu-,  to  be  cold  1.76.10,20;   §  24 
na'waq,     crab 

naku-  . .  .  ha',  to  be  sorry  I.  §  24 
nakwayat-,     to    be    poor,   to   be    down- 
hearted 1,11.66.17;  68.11 ;  76.19;  §24 
nat-,     to  start  out,  to  start  again  1.68. 10; 

92.8;  §  24 
na^'xian,     we  two  {exclusive)  36.15;  §  113 
ni'ctca,    particle  15.7  ;  16.2  ;  40.16;  §  131 
nictcama"nat'a,     differently  9.3,6;  24.4; 

nictcanu'wisi,      year    92.12,   14,  16,  19; 

98.17;  §  105  {see  nictcinu-) 
ni'ctcim,     because  18.8;  21.5;  §128 
nictcima^mu,     custom,  fashion,  manner, 
event  29.9;  36.28;  38.11;  54.11;  §  103 
nictcinu-,     -spring,  fall  arrives  1.98.5,15; 

§  24 
ni'ctci,     particle  12.10;  §  131 
nictci'tc,     in   what  manner,   what,  any- 
thing, for  what  reason  17. i,  7-8;  18.3; 
30.17;  §  121  {see  nictca) 
nits-,     to  stiffen  1,90.13;  §  24 
nictx,    particle  94.20,26;  §  131 
ni'ctxan,     particle  58.11;  §  131 
ni'ctca,     particle  48.3;  52.2;  90.12;  94.13; 

§  131 
ni'kia,     alone  62.14;  94.11;  §  96 
ni'qiu,     age,  year  §  97 
ni'xamlitinx,     thy  §  114 


1 16 


ni'xamhtits,     your  two  §  114 

ni'xamlit'tci,     your  §  114 

ni'xamHnx,     thy  ^114 

ni'xamJits,     your  two  §   114 

ni'xanihtci,     your  §  114 

nix"ts,     thou  22.3;  50.16;  §  113 

ni'xats,     you  two  §   113 

ni'xats'tci,     ye  §  113 

nix"tc,     to  thee,  on  thee,  for  thee,  with 

thee  12.5,7;  13,5;  21.8;  §  113 
ni'xatc'ts,     to  you  two  ^  113 
ni'xatc'tci,     to  you  §  113 
niL,     meat 

no'qma  (D,  B),     mud 
'n'kl'nk!,     soft  §  109 

s'a,      he,   she,   it,    that   one    10. i  ;  16.7; 

§  115 
s'anx,     they,  these  72.1;  §§  24,115 
s''as,     he,  she,  it,  that  one  {discriinuta- 

tive  form)  15.3;  18.8;  §  115 
s^a'tsa,     thus,    in   that   manner,    for  that 

reason  7.4,  6;  8.7  ;  20.8;  §  121 
s'atsl'tc,    thus,  in  that  manner  8.  r-2  ;  9.8 ; 

21-3;  §§94,  121 
s'^a't,     such,  that  kind  i5.i;44.5;  §115 
s'a'tu',     locative  form  ^/sVt  62.6 ;  102.2  ; 

§  86 
s'a"na,     locative  form  of  s'k  15.4;  26.6; 

§  115 

s\a'na'mi,     his,  her,  its  §  114 

sVna'mitc,     his,  her,  its  36.14;  §  114 

s''a'na'mitc"ax,     their  two  §  114 

s'a'na'mttc'nx,     their  §  114 

s''a"nanx,     to  them  §  115 

s'a"na"x,     to  them  two  54.12;  §  115 

s"a"x,     they  two  98.9;  §  115 

sExa"',     locative  form    of  si'xa'    34.5,7; 

48.18;  §  86 
si'ama  (D),     parting  of  the  hair 
sima'x",     landing-place 
sinia'x''s,     locative  form  (^/sima'x"  48.2 1 ; 

§  86 
si'na"wi,     grouse  §  105 


sinq!-,     to   be  hungry  1. 44. 11,  16;  46.4; 

§  24 
sinxi-,  to  want,  to  like,  to  desire  II. 1 1.7,9  j 

15-5;  52.13;  §  24 
si'skuk  (B,  M),  blue 
sixni'tx,    jealous 
si'-,       to    grow    {intransitive)     II. 98. 10; 

loo.ir,  17  ;  §  24 
si'ya'a",     growth  98.6;  ^  97 
si'yuk",     murderer 
si'pl  (B),     scraper 

sI'xa',     canoe,    boat   56.5-6162.3;   §  98 
siL.'-,     to  swim  I.  §  24 
sowa"xwa  (B),     throat 
s"ut!,     pain 
s"kwl'tc,     very,  exceedingly  16.10;  58.3; 

§§  94,12  1 
sut!-,     to  throw  I.  ^  24 
sun-,     to  dive  I.64.21;  ^  24 
suq"-,     to  join  1.80.9,13;  §  24 
swal,     grizzly  bear 
swal,     discriminative  form  of  )r,\\x\  \^.2  \ 

94.9;  §   HI 
s''a.'ya  hitc,     murderer 
s''a't,     big,  old  92.18;  §   104 
s''u'q!wi,     neck  §  98 
smut'-,     to  end,  to  finish  1. 8. 8;  9.1 ;  14.6; 

§  24 
staq-,     to  kick  I.  §  24 
stimj     there  25.3;  28.9;  §  119 
stimk,     there  30.18;  70.10;  §   1x9 
sku'qlnis,     green,  blue 
sku'x"-,     to  cut  off  I.  %2\{Siuslaw  ter7n) 
skwa'-     to    be    in    vertical    jjosition,    to 

stand  I,  IV  10.9  ;  14.4;  §  24 
skwi'lLa,     salmon-basket 
skwi'',     curlew 
skwi'nkwi  (B),     girdle 
sqans,     skin,  body 

sqa'tEm,     from  there  34.3;  58. 22;  §  119 
sqa'k,     there  14.6;  23.6;  §  119. 
squ'ma,     pelican  44.1, 11;  46.3 
squma',     discriminative  form  of  S(iirma 

44-17;  46.2;  §  III 


117 


sLox"-,     to  descend,  to  slide  down  1. 1 2.6 ; 

ca'ya,     penis  90.13-14,17-18;  92. t 
CayucLa'a,     native  name  of  the  Siuslaw 

tribe  and  river     68.6 
ciwi'wu  tExmu'nyEml:  (I)),     widow 
ciwi'wu  qasLi'watEm  (D),     widower 
ciwi'wu  qiutcE'mt  (D),     widower 
cini'Ltxu,     upper  lip  §  97 
cintc-,     to  move  in  a  circle  I.  §  24 
ci'ntcata,     in  a  circle  ^  96 
cinxi-,  to  think  II. 12. 4;  17.6;  36.24;  §  24 
cil'x-,     to    move,    to   shake    1.27.2-3,9; 

54-155  §  24 
citx-,     to  flop  1.36.23;  §  24 
ci'n"x,     three  62.12,16  ;  80.14;  §   116 
ci'nax  qta'max,     eight  §   116 
c'yatx,     see  citx-  §  112 
cuc^wa'an,     roast  90.12-14,18 
c"x"-,     to  drive  away  1. 56. 11;  §  24 
cii'kwa,     sugar  (^English  loan-word) 
cko'tc,     hill,  mountain   12.9;  13.2;  46.10 
ckl'an,     mink 

cqaw-,     to  stir,  to  roll  1. 92. 7;  §  24 
cqaxtc,     dog  {Siuslaw  term) 

tsEha"'ya,     grass  8.6;  34.11 

tsEha"'ya's,      locative  form    of  tsEha"'ya 

§  86 
ts^'a'nik",     yellow-hammer 
tsami'tsEm,     chin  §  105 
tsan,     when,    if  62.21;  74. 8;  §   131  {sec 

ants  a)id  nats) 
tsa'sqin,     discriminative  form  of  tsi'sqan 

13.8;  §   III 
tsax",     slave  76.3 
tsali'swahi,     hail,  beads  (?)  §  98 
tsana'xL,     crane,  heron 
tsa'nxa'ts,     yesterday  §120 
tsa"%!its,     ant 
tse'taha  (B),     ankle 
tsiyi'ktsiyi'k,     wagon  [Chinook  jargon) 
tsim,     always   15.5;  34.1;  §   120 


tsima'st,  any  kind  of  a  place  66.6;  68.3; 
§  66 

tsimi'l'a,     muskrat  48.6;  50.5-6 

tsi'muqwi,     back 

tsimni'L,     snail 

tsi'mqma,  some  people,  neighbor,  rela- 
tive 72.19;  78.10;  82.16 

tsiti'',     sand-beach  §  98 

tsitiyu's,  locative  form  (7/tso'ti  46.15;  §86 

tsi'nExma,     half  60.16,  25-26;  §  124 

tsinax-,     see  tsinx-     §  112 

tsi'nixt,  half  36.17  ;  60.22  ;  §  124 

tsini'',  back  §  98 

Tsini'Ltsini'L,  proper  name  50.15;  52.1 
{Chinook  "muskrat") 

tsino'kwa  (B),     vein,  artery 

tsinq!-,     to  be  poor  I.  §  24 

tsinq!t,     poor  i6.ro;  §  104 

tsinx-,     to  scorch  II. 88. 7;  §  24 

tsi'sqan,     deer  13.9;  34.11 

tsiLt,     thick  §  104 

tsit-    ....  ha",      to  be  glad  1. 8. 4;  72.18; 

§  24 
tsi'tixa,     moon,  month 
tslk",     foot 

tsi'kwi  (D,  B),     leggings,  petticoat 
tsi'klya,     very,  very  much  13.9;  14.2-3; 

17-6;  §§  96,  121 

tsi'qtax,     robin 

tsila'li,  woodcock,  (D)  vulture,  (B)  king- 
fisher 

tsiL!,     to  shoot  1.8.6;  10.3;  §  24 

tsi'Lli,     arrow  15.8;  16.  i ;  50.7  ;  §  98 

tsya'mu,  paint  §  97 

tso'akwe  (B,  M),     neck 

tso'ti,     waves,  breakers  §  98 

tsunni'ox  (D),     back  of  the  head 

tsun  (B),     fishing-basket 

tsu's,     rotten 

tswa'si,     frost  §   105 

tsmiqn-,     to  steal  I.  §  24 

tsmi'x"un,     chipmunk 

Tsnau'amiLa,     proper  name 

tsna'wi,     bone  §   105 


ii8 


tsxayu"",     day,    sky,    weather,   sun   7.3; 

64-13,15;  §  97  (-^^^'  tsxa'-) 
tsxay"\va'\vi,        discrimitiative    form     of 

tsxayu'"'  72.14;  §  III 
tsxayuwint,     daybreak  {sec  tsxa'-) 
tsxan-,    to  comb  one's  hair  I.  §  24 
tsxa'nwi,     a  comb  §  105 
tsxa'-,     to  shine  1. 48. 9;  50.3;  §  24 
tsxa's,     space  between  knuckles 
tsxuna'piJ,         discriminative    form     of 

tsxu'npLi  94.6;  §  III 
tsxu'npLi,     coyote  76.1 7;  88.9;  §  98 
tsla'we  (D),     bone  {Siuslaiv  term) 

tc'a'tis,     willow 

tcaitci'tc,     somewhere,  anywhere  34.25: 

36.1;  48.2;   §  131   {sec  tea) 
tca'ptcl,     water-lizard  §  98 
tca"n-,      to   lean    back,    to   lie    on    back 

1. 90. 10;  §  24 
tcanhat-,     to  hit  with  a  club  1. 86. 9;  §  24 
tcaq-,     to  spear  I.56.19  ;  68.8, 18;   §  24 
tcaxu-,  tcaxu-,     to  go  back,  to  go  home 

I.16.5;  30.14;  58.5-6;  §  24 
tea,  where,  somewhere,  anywhere  34.4, 9 ; 

48.2;  §  131 
tca''titc,     woodpecker 
tca-'xan*-,     flower 
tcalo'x,     navel 
tca"k'-,     to  raise,  to  hold  uj)  one's  head 

I.13.4;  §  24 
tcia'L  (B),     infant 
tciya''tcin,     leg  above  knee 
tcimtca'mi,     axe  27.10;  28. i ;  29.1 
tcin-,     to  wait  I.36.21;  §  24 
tcinEki",     knuckle,  wrist,  ankle  §  98 
tclna'ta",     discriminative  form  ^/"tci'nta" 

II. 6;  §   III 
tcinu-,     to   i)ack,   to   carry  by  means  of 

forehead-strap    1. 100.20;  §  24  {related 

to  tcin-) 
tcint,     which    one,    whoever,   whatever, 

how  much,  how  many  7.3  ;  38.10 ;  48.2  ; 

§  123 


tci'nta",  whichever,  whatever  24.7;  36.18; 

§  123 
tcixni'nE,     raccoon  76.17-18,20-21 
tci,     water  36.17,20;  64.24;  ^  98 
tciyu'sin,     tobacco 
tcl'wa,     locative  form    of  tci    32.19,21; 

346;  §  86 
tci'ha'tc,     one-sided,  crooked  72.2;  §94 
tclman-,     to  watch  1. 28. 3;  §  24  {related 

to  man-) 
tci'tit,     fire-drill 

tcit'-,     the  wind  blows  1. 94. 5-6;  ^  24 
tci't'i,     wind  §  98 

tcin-,     to  go  back  1. 7. 7.;  12.10;  §  24 
tclstx,     hazel-wood 
tci'tcLni  (B),     post,  wall 
tcik,     where  25.1;  34.2;  §   1x9 
tci'k.'yacL.'a'",       sometimes,    some    time 

afterwards  44.10-11;  84.8;  §  120 
tci'xun,     bladder 
tciL,     hand  50.18 
tcu'x"s,     vulva  90.11,16 
tcu,     exhortative  particle  §  129 
tcma'nl,     cousin  40.24;  42.6;  ^  20 
tcmi'tq",     finger 
tcmitqu"",     ring  §  97 
Tcqu'yal,     proper  name 

ts'i'-,     to  kill  1.46.5-6;  82.17;  §  24 
ts'ims,     own,  self  46.1;  88.11-12;  §  123 
ts'ibmu't,     friend  23.4;  24.2 
ts'u'xtits,  early  in  the  morning  40.9,20; 

§  120  {probably  related  to  tsxa'-) 
tc'ic-,     , .  ha",  to  disbelieve  1. 40.13;  §  24 
Tc'ukukq'  (D),     proper  name 

ts!a'xan,     stomach 
Tsla'liba,     Umpqua  River 
tslaln,     pitch  24.1;  26.6 
tsli'nEhi,     thread  §  98 
tsll'nyuxa,     bee,  wasp 
tslyanx,     skunk-cabbage  80.20 
ts!'yu'sni,     eyebrow 
tslu'xpi,     sinew 


119 


ts!u"m,     star  40.2-3,5-6,15 
tslu'xwl,     spoon  §  98 
tslxat'a't',     blackberries  60.20 

tc!at!u-,     to  look  on  I.  §  24 

tclhac"-,     to    be  glad  1. 23. 3;  27.1;  §  24 

tcha"c-,  sec  tc!hac"-  §  12 

tclhutc-,     to  break  (transitive)  I.  §  24 

k^a'nl,     bucket  90.21;  §  98 
k'at,     how  many  §  124 
kamL,     grandmother  96.21-22;  98.2;  §20 
kapo',     coat  {Iwrrozued  from  the  French 
through  the  medium  of  C hi fiook  Jargon) 
kati',     emphatic  particle  64.8;  §  131 
kati'xti,     emphatic  particle  64.12,16,23; 

kast-,     to    wake   up,   to   get   up   1. 28.1; 

40.9;  §  24 
kala'ntc  (B),     berry-basket 
kapq,     pupil  of  the  eye 
ka"'wil,     fish-basket 
ka"x",     wood 
kimuL-,     to    hit,    to   strike   (with  fist)  I. 

§  24 
ki'tlwi,     scales  §  100  [sec  ki'k'it) 
kic'tkin  {D,  B),     humming-bird 
ki'k'it,     heavy  ii.9;i2.i;  §  104 
kiluwa'L  (B),   young  man,  young  woman, 

virgin,  boy 
kit,     particle    denoting    surprise    46.18; 

§  127 
kitu-,     to  weigh  I.  §  24 
kix*s,     ten  8.1, 3;  34.8;  §  116 
kix*'s  ki'xestim,     hundred  §  116 
kl'ka^  (B),     hoe 
kopx,     eye  36.14,16,20-21 
ko'tan,     horse   34.9-10;  102. i   [Chinook 

jargon) 
k",     perhaps,  maybe  48.18;  56.20;  §  127 
kumi'ntc,     no,  not  8.10;    11.9;  ^   131 
k"na,  dubitative  particle  20.8  ;  21.7  ;  56.8; 

§  127 
k-sin-,     to  whistle  I.  §  24 


k"tsa',     paper,  book  [see  kuts-) 

k"tsu'"',     saliva  §  97 

ku'mit!,     spider 

ku'n-,     to    lower    one's    head,    to   bend 

down  I.I  1.9;  13.5;  §  24 
ku'n-,    to  beat  (in  games)  1. 72. 17  ;  78.18; 

§24 
ku'cu,     hog    [borrowed  from  the  French 

through  the  medium  of  Chinook  Jargon) 
kuts-,     to  paint,  to  write  I.  §  24 
kutsa'yEm  hitsi'',     post-ofiice 
ku'tsi,     mamma 
ku''tciyu,     sea-otter  §  97 
ku'la,     parent-in-law 
kaV,     to  follow  1.92.3,7;  §  24 
ku',     no,  not  11.3;  20.7;  §  131 
ku'  ya'tsac  Lla'"",    after  a  while,  not  long 

afterwards  7.7  ;  8.8;  20.5  ;  §  120 
ku'  xyabx,     pretty  nearly,   almost  10.9; 

II. I ;  66.25  ;  §  121 
kmu'ku,     pipe-stem  §  97 
kna'-,     to  lean  against  I.  §  24 
ksa'mi  (D,  B),     fish-hook 
kcikyu'"",     wall  §  97 
kii'nu,     ladder  80.12;  §  97 
kiLa''  (D,  B),     a  light 

kwa'"'n-,     see  ku'n-  §   112 

k'was-,     see  ka"s-  §  112 

kwiyu'cnayatc,     caterpillar 

kwina'cin,     gall 

kwine't'o  (B),     palate 

kwi'si  (B),     rafter 

kwitsoma't  (B),     twins 

kwi'was,    discriminative  form  of  kiwi'yos 

S   III 
kwin,     tidewater  weeds  So. 20 
kwini'ntxu,     throat   [evidently  related  to 

Coos  kiwints) 
kwls-,     to  wake  up,  to  be  awake  L27.4; 

29.2;  40.9;  §  24 
kwi''ku,     white  pelican 
kwll-,     to  die  out,  to  extinguish  (of  fire) 

I.   §   24 


I  20 


k'ama's  (D),     brush 

k'a'pi  (D,  B),     liver  (of  fish) 

k'qwe'ne  (D),     rump 

klTi'pi,     mosquito 

kl^'ui,     to-morrow  60.2;  §   120 

k!a'-,     to  invite  1. 16. 3;  17.9;  ^  24 

kla'yak,     eagle 

k!ap-,     to  be  dry  (of  water)  1.36.18,22; 

38.2;  §  24 
kla'pa",     tlry  condition  of  water,  low  tide 

38-3;  §  98 
klani'ck!,     cup 
k!a'l"apu,     navel  §  97 
kla'yak!},     eagle 
klala'piciwa,     butterfly 
klalatu'",     k!alatu'"',    fair,    festival   88. 2, 

5-6;  §  97 
k!aiu-,     to  be  tired  I.36.21;  §  24 
k!in-,     to   hear,  to  understand  1.32.5,9; 

50.10;  ^  24 
k!i'nhackwun,     dress 
k!ex,     k!lx,    each,    every     7.2,4;     24.4; 

49.19;  §  124 
kli'ntckwis,     crooked 
k!ink'i-,     to   go  and  look  for  II. 16, 1-2; 

56.17,20:  §  24 
k!ix-,     to  disppear  1. 18.8;  28.3;  §  24 
kl'yax,     discriiiunativc  form  ^^/klex  §111 
k!6°xwi,     gnat  §  105 
klu'mEli,     bridle  §  98 
k!ux"-,     to  cut  I.  §  24 
klu'win-,      ice     appears     1.76.10,13-14; 

94-2-3;  §  24 
klifwi'nl,     ice  76.14-15  ;  94.3  ;  §  98 
k!ul-,     to  scare  I.  §  24 
kl'sa't,     to-day  38.16;  §  120 

kiwi'act,     proud  §  104 
klwi'yos,     dog  t^Coos  loan-word) 

qaa-,  to  be  inside,  to  enter  1. 27. 3;  34.5; 

444;  §  24 
Qa'a'tc,     proper  name  32.18 


((ay"na'ts,  locative  form  of  qayu'"'nts 
62.7,  11,15;  §  86 

qayu'"'nts,     stone,  rock 

qayu'tc,  discriminative  form  of  qi'utc 
50.1;  58.17;  §  III 

qa'winti,  qa'w''nti,  on  both  sides,  mutu- 
ally 80.8,  II ;  86  2;  §   124 

(lami'Lis  (D)     head  (Siusla^v  term) 

qat-,     to  hook  1.64.6-7,9;  ^  24 

qa'ta'  (D),     shark 

qa'timx,     six  §  116 

qa'tltc,     across  the  river  80.16;   §  119 

qatx-,  qatx-,  to  cry,  to  weep  1. 58. 15, 
i7,25;68.i5;  §  24 

qanistci'tc,  downwards  12.6,9;  84.5; 
§  94  {sec  qa'n) 

qani'nai,     knife  19.6;  21.4 

qa'nni,     face 

qantc,  where  38.10;  66.16  {Coos  loan- 
word) 

(|an'x,     soot 

qa'sqas,     stiff,  hard  §   109 

qasLi'u,     husband  40.3;  48.20;  §  97 

qatcu-,     to  drink  I.76.11-13;  §  24 

qa''tcux,     water-carrier 

qatcn-,     to   start,   to   go  I,  IV  8,2  ;  1 2.1; 

15-3;  §  24 
qa'kwix,  ear  {evidently  related  to  qa^iu^n-) 
qaqu'n-,    to  hear,  to  listen  1. 30.1 8;  36.23; 

§  24 
qaqwa'n-,     see  ([aqu'n-  §  112 
qaxan-,     down,  below  8.10;  §  119 
qa'xi,     chicken-hawk  §  98 
(laxun-,     up,  above,  high,  loud  8.7  ;  12.4; 

34.21;  94.3;  §  119 
qall'nal,     knife  50.19.    ^^6'  qani'nal 
qa'lni  (D),     face  {Sitislaw  term) 
qa'lxa,     bread 
qal'tc,     knife  (small)  78.21 
qaLx-,     to  count  I.8.5;  62.8.1 1 ;  §  24 
qa'wi,     blood  §  98 
qa'min,     fisher 

qatk,     from  here,  hence  604;  §  119 
qaqa",     shirt  §  98 


121 


qa'xat,     fish-net 

qa'-,     to  tie,  to  fasten  1. 34.6-7 ;  §  24 

qa'u'tc,  mouth  of  the  river,  bay  62.17-18; 

80.17;  §  119 
qa'wa'a",     down  the  river,  mouth  of  the 

river  80.6;  §  119 
qa'han-,     far  10.3  ;  12. i ;  56.8;  §   119 
qa't  (B),     mortar 
qa'n-,     deep  §119 
qa*nu-,     to  get  tired  waiting,  to  wait  in 

vain  1.58. 1 1 ;  §  24 
qa'x-,     it   is   dark;   (as  nouns)  darkness, 

night  1.34.4;  38.21;  §  24 
qa'xi'si,     darkness,  night  §  105 
qa'xq-,     east 

qa"xqax,     a  Kalapuya  Indian  §  10 1 
qa'i,     exhortative  particle  27.6,  8  ;  52.12; 

§  129 
qa''qa"'ni,     trinket-basket 
qa"x,     high,    up,    on  top,  above    76.14; 

80.9;  §  119 
qa'''xax  m'a'tl,     god 
qa"'xun,  high,  up,  above,  loud;  sky  32.18; 

34.1;  36.12;  92.22;  §  119 
qa-Jiu,     bark  90.8;   §  97 
qe'sLiq,     brain 
qiya'yaq,     dog-salmon 
qina'x"us,     armpits 
qiu-,     to  pass  1. 92. 8 ;  §  24 
qiu'nEm,     winter  78.5;  80.18-20 ;  §  105 
qi'utc,     woman,  wife  40.18;  48.17 
qiutciba'mi,     discriminative  form     of 

qiutci'1-ma   96,2,12;  §   iii 
qiutcu'ni,  woman,  female  being  30.21—22, 

24;  32.3;  §  102 
qlutc"wa'ni,     discriminative    form    of 

qiutcu'ni  54.12;  58.4;  §  in 
qo'mi,     belly 
qo'min,     quahog  82.3 
qoc'x,     black  swan 
qo'qoq,     white  swan 
qoq",     knee 
qo'x^m,     out    in  the  water,  offshore  34. 

6-7; 443;  §  ^19 


qo'xm's,     locative  form  ^/ qo'x"m    52.2; 

§  86 
qoLi'si,     milk  §   105 
q"ha'qwi,     broom  §  105 
qun'-,     to  open  (door)  I.  §  24 
q"na'quL,     feathers 
q''na'°x,     eggs,  acorn 
q"na'"x  iqa"'tu,     hazel-wood 
q"nitl",     perforation  in  the  ear  §  98 
q"cilt"-,  to  neigh  I.  §  24 
q^ci'ct,     thin  §  104 
q"tsini'*,     a  cut  §  98 
q"la"Lq"la''L,     otter  §  109 
q"Limi't,     locative  for ni  ^'/q"Li'mt  94,20; 

§  86 
q"Li'mtc,     dull 
q^Li'mtc'ns,     dull 
q"LT'mt,     anus  86.9;  88.7 
qu'LquL,     white  40.10-11;  §  109 
q^Lir'tc,     otter  54.6-9 
q"L!'ya'tc,     discriminative  form  (yq"L!i"tc 

§   III 
qu'-,     qu'i-,  qo'i-,  south 
qu't'-,     to  dream  I.68.21;  §  24 
Qu'itc,     native  name  for  Umpqua  tribe 

and  river  100.15 
qu'n-,     to  pour  I.29.2;96.7;  §  24 
qpa'yax,     an  Alsea  Indian  §  loi 
qpa'-,     north 

qna'we  (D,  B),     intestines 
qnu'-,     to  find  1. 34.12;  56,9;  §   24 
qsi'i,     pigeon-hawk 
qtsi'nqtsin,     blue,  green  §  109 
qtsi,     inside  §  119 
qtsi'*,     head-louse 
qla'-,     to    get   even    with,   to   even    up 

1.42.2;  §  24 
qLl''qa',     west  wind  §  98 
qLow-,     high  tide  36.6 
qLo'wa',     high  tide  §  98 

qwa'yu  (D),     tongs 

qwa'n-,  see  qu'n-  §  112 

qwaxtc-,     to  go  into  the  w^ater,  to  enter 


I  22 


a   boat,   to   go   down    to  the  river  II. 

34.15:48.18-19;  §  24 
qwiya'nu,     fly 
qwlmts,     potatoes 
qwoa'txa',       discrimiiiatirc      form       of 

(jwo'txa'  52.4;  54.9;  ^  III 
qwo'txa',     beaver  48.6, 9,  1 7  ;  50 ;  5  ;  §  98 
qwuhi'nihi,     trousers 
qwunaxi",     cheek  §  98 

q!Exa"yu'"',     sahiion  season  82.12;  §  97 

q!a'rt,     pitch  25.5;  88.6 

q!ai'nik",     oysters 

qla'tcti,     cedar  §  98 

qla'xa^xt,     wolf  13.2  ;  34.17 

q!a'rx,     flour 

q!a'*pi,     liver 

q!a'xa"xt,  discriminative  form  r)/q!a'xa"xt 

12.8;  §  III 
q!a"sintT,     elder  sister  92.17;  §  20 
q!a"'it!,     flea 
q!ima'ts,     sweat-house 
q!a',     rat 
q!"ya''tis,     lazy 

ql^ya-'ql-xe',     mirror,  window,  glass 
ql'ha'itEx,     ashes  86.13 
q!"hi'ni,     anus 
q!"ci'n,     robin 

q!uni",  salal-berries  60.20;  ^  98 
q!u'p-,  to  twinkle  1.36.14;  ^  24 
qlni'swa,     bluejay 

qlwa'ax,     grave 

q!win-,     to  tie  hair  in  a  knot  I.  §  24 
qlwl'ni,     knot  (in  hair)  70.8 
(j!wul'i's,     trout 

x'a'La  (i-'a'lax,     bread 

x'aLa  iq!a'nu,     buckskin 

xau-,     to  die  I,  IV.15.5,  7  8;  16.8;  20.8; 

§  24 
xayu'sL,     term  of  relationship  ^20 
xa'pni,     knee-cap 
xamL-,     to  wash  I.  §  24 


xatk-,     to  fall  backwards,  to  tumble  flat 

1.90.9;  ^  24 
xaln-,     to   ascend,   to   climb   up   I.12.4; 

62.7;  §  24 
xa'tslu,     two  30.23;  32.1;  §  116 
xa'tslu  qta'max,     .seven  §  116 
xa'tslun,     four  40.23;  84.8-9;  §  116 
xait!,     red  squirrel 
xaL-,     to  miss  I,  §  24 
xaiJ-,     to    make,    to    do,    to    fix   1. 15.5; 

50-8;  §  24 
xa"tsEra,     woman's  basket  §   105 
xa'tc-,     xatc-,  to  roast  1. 90. 8, 14;  §  24 
xa'tca'a",     a  roast  90.9;  §  97 
xa"w-,     to  come  out  (of  water),  to  appear 

on   the   surface  1.64.8,13,17,23;  §  24 
xiya'- (?),     to  take  away,  to  catch  1. 54. 7; 

82.14;  §  24 
xip-,     to  split  wood  I.  §  24 
xint-,     to  be   in  motion,  to  start,  to  go 

1.20.3;  23.1;  §  24 
xintm-,      to    travel    1. 12. 10;  13.3;  14.3; 

§§  24,  81 
xibyci-,     to  work  II. 48. 10;  50.3;  §  24 
xil'xcyu'",      work,    the    art   of   working 

52.23,26;  §  97 
XI,     particle   127 

xyabx,     almost,  pretty  nearly  12.1 ;  §  121 
xuwis-,     to  want  I.  §  24 
xumc-,      to    be    in    sight,    to    apjjroach 

1.23.2;  64.1;  §  24 
xumL-,     to  cut  I.  §  24 
xunh-,     to  bet  I.70.6-7, 10;  78.8;  §  24 
xu'nha',     stake,  bet  70.7;  78.15— 16;  §98 
xu'.sxus,     naked  §  109  {sec  xus"-) 
xun-,     to  snore  1. 27. 9;  28.1;  §  24 
xus"-,     to  take  off  1.  §  24 
xnrn-,     to  do,    to  accomplish  I,  IV. 9. 7; 

10.5;  II. 11;  ^  24 

xwa'tsi,     corpse,  a  dead  man 

xwa'xuL,     foam 

xwa'ka,     head  29.5;  70.5 

xwakT-,  locative  form  c/ xwa'ka  28.6;  §  86 


123 


xwil!-,     to  return,  to  come  back  1. 12.6- 

7,9;  S  24 
xwu'tcni,     tail 

lam-,     to  drink  I.  §  24 
la^mutcya'x,     a  drunkard  §§  52,  too 
laq"-,     to  boil  I.27.7  ;  96.T,  3  ;  §  24 
lam,     whiskey  {sec  lam-) 
limi'tx,  drunk  {see  lam-) 
loq"-.     see  laq"-, 
I'Ep'i's,  rope  64.10 
bi'mtas,     leggings 

lawat-,     to  gamble  I.  §  24 

ta'watya"x,     a  gambler  §  100 

lak"-,     to  take,  to  get,  to  obtain,  to  fetch, 

to  seize  1. 7.5;   21.3  ;  27.10;  44.2;  §  24 
laquwa',     herring  82.24 
la'qtaq,     board  80.7;  §   109 
Ian-  see  \n- 

la"qat,     feather  10.9;  11. 7 
ii'pxan,     niece,   cousin   92.15,17;    §    20 

{see  lip) 
tima'lim,     blind  §  109 
timi'itci,     matches 
limn-,     to  be  behind  I.  §  24 
limni'tc,    behind,  second  40.2  ;  50.7  ;  §  94 
tinq!-,     to  be  warm  1. 100.13;  §  24 
liyax-,     a  little  while  27.5;  §§  126,  135 
lip,     nephew  §  20 
limi'sk'in,     grandson  §  20 
lit!-,     to  eat  I.13.10;  14.5 ;  15.2  ;  §  24 
irt!a',     food,  provisions  13.7;  34.6;  §  98 
iin,     name  13.2,6,10  {see  in-) 
ii'tc't,     cougar  13.3,  5  534. 18 
li'xtsni.si,     small-pox  §  105 
I'yat!-  see  lit!-  §  112 
I'ya'tc't,     discriiiiinativc    form    of  li'tc't 

134;  §   III 

lok"-,     see  lak"- 
lu'ptci,     silver-side  salmon 
fTrnt,     orphan 
lpaa"qwa,     hand 
lpa'a"t,     shoulder 


Ipa'an,     wings 

tpi'nat,     birds,  duck 

ipu'qwi  (D,  B),     feathers 

ItEko'n,     grand-daughter  96.18,  24;  98.6; 

§  20 
l:tEk°wa'n,     discriminative  form  ^'/ItEko'n 

96.15;  98.20;  §   III 
It'i'a',     fish,  salmon  46.6;  48.15, 18;  50.1; 

§98 
In-,     to  call,  to  interpret  1. 23. 7;  §  24 
ina'wa  (D),     toe 

tnawit'u'"',  wealth,  riches  §  97.   See  I'na""' 
Inat,      always,    continually    13.3;  34.21; 

§  120 
Ina"'"',     rich,  chief  76.3;  86.4 
Inu,     outside,  outdoors  38.21-23;  §  119 
tnl-,     to   interpret,   to    explain    I.    §   24. 

See  In- 
Itsa'k!,     spur 

itcin-,     to  call  {Siuslaw  term) 
Itci'xa,     rattlesnake 
ikima%',     seal  §  98 
tkuni'hat,     arm,  elbow 
ikwa''wisk'in,     posthumous  child 
Ikwa'ni,     pipe  {see  Ikwun-) 
ikwa'nuq",     hat  {Siuslaw  term) 
Ikwi'lowi,     bull-frog 
ikwun-,     to  smoke  {transitive)  I.  §  24 
Ikwuna'atsu,     living  coals  §  97 
ik!a-,     to  open  one's  mouth  I.28.2;96.i; 

§  24 
lk!anu'k",     screech-owl  86. 1-2 
lk!an"wa'k",       discriminative     form      of 

Iklanu'k"  86.3,6388.1;  §111 
Ikli'a',     mouth    of    the   river    66.11,14; 

80.17;  §98 
lk!i'ha",     mouth  of  the  river  62.18:  66.9, 

11;  §  97 
tqatuwiyii's,      locative    form    of    }qa"'tu 

12  4;88.i4;  §  86 
tqaq-,     to  break  wind  1.86. 7, 14, 17;  §  24 
Iqa'qa,     the  breaking  of  wind  86.16 
tqal'oa'mi,       discriminative      form       of 

Iqal-o'ma  46.3;  48.5;  ^  iii 


124 


tqal'o'ma,     sea-gull  44.2,  9-10;  46.1 
iqa"'tu,     log,  tree,  stick  32.20-21 ;  48. 12  ; 

§  27 
Iqeta',     hip,  rib 
Iqu'nwi,     knot  ^  105 
Iqu'vva,     breast  of  man 
lq!a'nu,     skin,  hide  100. 15-16,  19;  102.1 ; 

§  97 
lq!a'si,     eel  §  98 

Laa',     mouth  28.2)29.3 

Laaya',     locative  form  c/i.aa'  29.2 ;  96.7  ; 

§  86 
Lan,     twig 
La"nis  (B),     brain 
Lapq-,     to  join  1. 80.1 5;  ^  24 
LipL,     grandfather  §  20 
Li'mstl,     raw 

Limsti's,     locative  form   of  Li'msti  §  86 
Limi'stist,     a   green    place,   a  place  that 

does  not  burn  34.2;  §  66 
Limna''q,     elk  i3.ii;i4.i 
Limqa,     right  away,  quickly,  soon  19.6; 

21.3;  56.22;  §§  96,   121 
Llya'a",     fire  25.4-5;  32.18;  §  97 
L1U-,     to  come,  to   approach,  to  arrive; 

(as  adverb)  near  I,  IV. 8. 3,  9;  9.3;  16.3; 

40.12;  §  24 
Liha-,     to   pass   by,  to  pass  out  1. 32. 18; 

38-23;  §  24 
Lip'a'nu,     spring  §  97 
Li't,     sturgeon 

L°\v-,     to  fall  sideways  1. 84. 3 ;  §  24 
Lonatci'l'ma  (B),     girl 
Lot-,     to  hit,  to  strike  I.  §  24 
Lo'^L,     particle  64.20,  24;  66.1 ;  §   127 
L"wa'.si,  nose  §  105 
Lu'xwitc,     salmon-berries 
LwIt-_.     to  paddle  1.64.4;  66.9;  io2.i;§24 
Lpa"n,     wings  {sec  Ipii'an) 
Lpik",     (B,  M),  hand  {sec  ipaa'cpva) 
i-nl-,     to  fan  1,86.12;  §  24 
Lkle'tni,     a  light 
Lql'ta,     jjroper  name 


Lqut,     red  5   104 

i.xaa-,     to  be  inside,  to  enter  1. 34. 7  ;  §  24 

Lxa'yimi,,     soap 

Lxau-,     to  answer  1.52.6,12;  §  24 

Lxau',     spear,  pole  64.7,9 

Lxat-,     to  run,  to  fly  I.I  2.3, 10;  13.8;  14.1; 

34-2;  §  24 
Lxatu'"',     race  78.18;  §  97 
Lxa'p-,     off  to  one  side 
Lxa"pis,      five    40.25;  42.7,14,16;  72.8; 

§  116 
Lxa"'yax,     the  other;  friend  42.8 
Lxa"yaxa"'ni,     another  one  11.1,3;  38.20; 

§  102 
Lxa"'hTnK,    locative  form  <?/ Lxaii'  64.11; 

§  86 
Lxa"s-,     to  jump  I.  §  24 
Lxi'yatc,     apart  48.7,9;  54.1 
Lxu'-,     to  dry  I.82.15, 18;  100.8;  §  24 
Lxu'is,     dried,  dry  60.19-20;  80.17 
Lxuya'st,     dried,   dead   (of  timber)  ^  66 
Lxu'cyuxa,     grasshopper;  jumping  mouse 
Lxmu'ku  (B),     bowstring 

L!a'"',  universe,  world,  region,  place, 
country,  earth;  they,  many,  people; 
great     7.1-3;  8.5-6;  11. i;  14.7;  15.6: 

§  132 
L'.ayu's,  locative  form  of\.\-x"  76,10 ;  94.5 ; 

§86 
L!a%-,     to  laugh  I,  §  24 
TJaqt,     wet  56.13;  §  104 
Llip,     leaf 

L!im-,     to  paint  1.  §  24 
L!i''ni,     floor  §  98 
l!Ixu-,     to  cook  I.  §  24 
Llixt!,     paddle  §  100 
L!'yaxa"'wi,        boiled    27.3,7;  28. 4.    See 

l!ixu- 
Llon-,     to    tell,    to    relate,    to   announce 

I.7.3;8.2;  16.9;  §  24 
l!ox-,     to  send  L7.7;  16.10;  §  24 
l!o"x,     .salmon-berries 
L!"wax-,  see  l'ox-  §  112 


i25 


Llwa'n-,  see  Lion-  §  112 
L!waxa"m,     alder 
lIwi'^P,     auger 
Llmak-,     small  50.18 
Llmi'kcu,     flounder  100.10;  ^  97 
L!mix-,     to  jump  1.62.17:92.4;  §  24 
Linuwa'tit,     deep  §  104 
Llntr'tcisi,     crawfish  §  105 
L!xa"yats-,     to  escape  I.  §  24 
Lixi'ti,     hammer 


lIx"-,      to    know   1. 19.9;  34.23;  40.7-8; 

§  24 
Llx^wax"-,    see  l!x"-  §112 
Llxwi'miL,     whip 
Lixma'-,     to  kill  I.i 5.3  :  16.1 ;  21.9;  64.12  ; 

§  24 
L!xmi-  see  L!xma'- 
Llxml'ti,     bow  §  98 
Llxmux"-,     to  dip  I.  §  24 


LIST    OF   PREFIXES    AND    SUFFIXES. 


[«  =  nominal;  ?'  =  verbal;  suffixes  marked  with  an  asterisk  (*)  are  proto-suffixes, 
suffixes  marked  with  a  dagger  (|)  are  formative  elements  not  exemplified  in 
these  texts.] 


-Em,   V.     intransitive    imperative    40.26; 

42.8;  58.5;  §  61 
-Em,    ;/.      relative    case    34.21;    36.8-9; 

§  87 
-Em,     nominalizing  46.11 ;  78.5;  §  105 
-Eml,   ;/.      relative   case   20.6;  36.13-14; 

56.10;  §  87 
-Emts,  V.       indirect    object    of  first  and 

second  persons  44.15;  §  31 
-a,  71.      locative    case    7.4;  8.2;  13. i,  7; 

§  86 
-a,  n.     modal  8.7  ;  9.4,  6;  10.6;  1 1.2  ;  12.2; 

§96 

-aa",  V.     future  passive  9.7  ;  15.5  ;  16. 1-2; 

§  56 
-awax,  V.     intentional  7.5;  8.4;  10.5;  §70 
-a"iti,    V.      denotes   possessive    interrela- 
tions  for   the    intentional  tense  60.1; 
72.22;  §  87 
-a"'un,   T.     intentional    30.8;  62.19;  88.1 ; 

§  70 
-a^mu,     nominalizing  29.9;  §  103 
-atam,  v.     future  passive  30.17;  §  56 
-a'tu,     numeral  42.7;  §  116 
-at!i,   V.      frequentative   12.4;  13.5  ;  14.5  ; 

3S.2;  §  68 


-ax,     nominal  7.7  ;  8.3  ;  17.6;  24.1 ;  §  loi 
-axun,  V.     we  two,  us  two  88.14;  94.18; 

§  24 
-a',     verbalizing  8.2,  7,  9 ;  9.5  ;  10.3 ;  §  75 
-a"x,  V.     they   two,   them  two  9.8;  10. i, 

4,6-7;  §  24 
-a''xun  see  -axun 
-il'ma,    ;/.       augmentative     34.6;  94.22; 

§  84 
-isk'in,    fi.     diminutive     12. i;  36.23-24; 

38.19;  §  83 
-1,  V.     future  passive  26.7,9;  27.2 ;  42.2; 

64.26;  §  56 
f-i,  Ti.    possessive  §  88 
-i,     nominal  8.9;  9.6;  12.4,6;  §  98 
f-Iwi,     nominalizing  §  105 
-r'yun,   V.      exhortative   with   the   direct 

object    of    the    third    person    10.5,8; 

72.12;  §  41 
-imE,  V.     passive  suffix  for  verbs  requiring 

a  double  object  ii.io;  18.5;  19.6;  §  38 
f-imts,  V.    imperative  with  indirect  object 

of  the  first  person  §  44 
-ita,  ;/.     adverbial  98.5;  §  95 
-itin,  ;/.     my  36.13;  100. i;  §  88 
f-itins,  ;/.     our  two  {inchisive)  §  88 


126 


-itinx,  ;/.     thy  14.4;  §  88 
-itinxan,  //.     our  {exc/usive)  100.3;  §  88 
f-itint,  //.     our  {inclusive)  %  88 
f-it'its,  /I.     your  two  §  88 
-(--ititci,  //.     your  §  88 
f-Ttixun,  ;/.     our  two  {exclusive)  §  88 
-iti,  Ji.     possessive  20.7-9;  §  ^^ 
-itx,  V.     indicates   that   object    forms  an 
inseparable   part   of  the  subject  10.9; 

15-4;  §   3,3 
-itx,  V.     frequentative  11. 10;  15.6;  §  68 
-it'ax,  V.     distributive  32.5,9  ;  40. 18;  §  51 
-in,  V.     reciprocal   19.2;  28.7  ;  76.3  ;  §81 
-in,  //.     my  21.7:  22.3;  §  88 
-ini,  V.     exhortative  with  the  direct  object 

of  the  third  person  52,13;  §  41 
-ins,  ;/.     our  two  {i?icliisive)  42.7, 10;  §  88 
-inx,  ;/.     thy  13.2,  6, 9;  14.4;  §  88 
-inxan, ;/.    our  {exclusive)  100. 13-14;  §  88 
-int,  ?i.     our  {inclusive)  72.18;  §  88 
-is,  V.     transitive   imperative   30.3;  64.2; 

76.18;  §  62 
-is,  V.     durative  8.5;  9.1;  12.10;  13.3,10; 

§  69 
-isi,     nominalizing    40. 16;  92.12;    §   105 
-isiti,  V.     denotes  possessive  interrelations 

for  the  durative  tense  8.10;  40.3  ;§  37 
-isu'nE  see  -isQtn- 
-isutn-,  V.     durative   passive    11.7;  14.2; 

23-7;  §  59 

-its,  V.  imperative  with  the  direct  object 
of  the  first  person  36.10;  §  42 

f-its,  Ji.  your  two  §  88 

-[--itsmE,  V.  exhortative  expressing  sepa- 
rable possessive  interrelations  between 
object  and  subject  §  48 

-Itc,  «,7^,    modal  8.1 -2;  12.6,  9;  15.8;  §94 

f-Itci,  n.     your  §  88 

-ix,  n.     local   12.6  ;  32.18-19;  34.1-2,  14; 

§  92 

-[--ixa,  V.     terminative  §  67 
f-ixun,  ;/.     our  two  {exclusive)  §  88 
-ixmi,   7'.     intransitive   exhortative    26.7, 
9;27.2;   §  63 


f-Ii,  V.  imperative  denoting  that  the 
object   is  possessed  by  a  third  person 

§  45 

-W,  v.     negative  14.8;  17.8;  §  53 

-it,  ;/.     agency  noun  50.6;  §  100 

f-!lts,  v.  imperative  denoting  that  the 
object  is  possessed  by  a  first  person  §  46 

-a',     see  -i 

-a'tin,     see  -itin 

-a'ti,     see  -iti 

-a'tx,     see  -itx 

-a'nx,     see  -inx 

-a's,     see  -is 

-a'ts,     see  -its 

-a'tc,     see  -itc 

-a'x,     see  -ix 

-a't,     sec  -it 

-ya,  n.     local  26.7;  36.10;  §  93 

-yax,  V.     past  11.4,7;  i5-i;  §  74 

-yax,     see  -ix 

f-yaxa'ti,  v.  denotes  possessive  interre- 
lations for  the  past  tense  §  37 

-ya"x,  ;/.     agency  noun  30.2  ;§  100 

f-yu"',     nominalizing  §  105 

-yun,  V.  exhortative  with  the  direct  ob- 
ject of  the  third  person  7.1;  1 6.8 ;  §  41 

-yux,  V.  imperative  with  the  indirect 
object   of  the  third  person  29.2;  §  43 

-ux  see  -a"x 

-u",  -u"',  V.     plural    7.4,6;  8.4,6,8;  §  79 

-u,  ;/.     local  of  rest  7.2;  12.1c;  13.6;  §91 

-u,     -u"',  nominal  7.3;  8.5;  11. i;  16.6,7; 

§  97 
-u,     suffixed  particle  62.21;  92.3;  §  132 
-umE,  V.     passive  suffix  for  verbe  requiring 

a  double  object  18.2;  19.3;  29.1  ;  §  38 
-utn,  V.     passive  17.9;  18.3-4;  §  58 
-un,  V.     direct    object    of  third   person 

7.2,4;8.5;9.i,5;ii.7-8,ii;  §  28 
-u'nE,  V.     passive  8.7;  11. 10;  §  58 
-uni,     nominalizing  8.6;  10.5,  7;  §  102 
-lis,  V.     durative  15.3-4;  52.24;  §  69 
-us,  n.     locative    case     16.3;    34.11,13; 

§  86 


127 


-USD,  7\     durative    passive   24.7  ;  32.2-3  ; 

§  59 
-uts,  7',     direct  object  of  first  and  second 

persons  13.10;  14.5  ;  17.7,9 ;  §  29 

-utsm,  V.  denotes  that  object  is  possessed 
by  tlie  subject  but  separable  from  it 
7.1  ;  30.1;  36. 14,  20-21;  38.6;  §  34 

-Lix,  7'.  indirect  object  of  third  person 
38.2-3;  46.6;  §  30 

-\\\,  V.  indicates  that  object  is  possessed 
l)y   a  third  person  58.9, 16;  74.8;  §  35 

-uhx,  V.  passive  suffix  denoting  posses- 
sive interrelations  of  the  subject  15.5; 

19-2;  §  39 
-uits,  V.     expresses   an   object  possessed 

by  a  first  or  second  person  38.1 ;  §  36 
-u',     verbalizing  14.6:  29.10;  §  75 
-a",     sec  -u 
-a"mE,     sec  -umE 
-a"tn,     see  -utn 
-a"n,     see  -un 
-a°'nE,     see  -u'nE 
-a"ni,     see  -uni 
-a"ts,     sec  -uts 
-a°tsm,     see  -utsm 
-a"x,     see  -ux 
-a"!,     see  -ul 
-"ax,     see  -a''x 
f-wi,     nominalizing  §   105 
m-,     prefix     of   relationship   38.20;  40.2, 

II,  18;  §  20 
-m,     verbal  12.10;  §  81 
f-myax,     verbal  §  81 
-mux",  7'.     reciprocal  10.6-7;  38.22;  §  50 
-t,  V.     present  8.6 ;  9.4;  10.4;  11. 9  ;  §  72 
-t,  V.     auxiliary  34.10;  40.18;  §  76 
-t,     adjectival  9.5;  11.9;  §  104 
-|--tim,     numeral  §   116 
-tita,  ;/.     adverbial  62,2,  7;  82.12;  §  95 
-tya'tu,    numeral  40.25 ;  42.14,  16;  §  116 
-tux,  7/.     future    7.2-3;  8.2-3,  8-9;   §73 
-tx,  7'.     indicates   that   the   object  forms 

an     inseparable    part     of  the    subject 

15-7;  29.3-4;  §  11 


-tx,  V.     plural  7.4,  6;  9.2-5;  §  80 

-t'u", -t'u"',  //.    qualitative  16.3;  48.2;  §  99 

-t!,  //.     agency   noun   30.23;  32.2;  54.3; 

§  100 
-t!wi,  11.     agency  noun  7.5;  22.9;  §  100 
-n,  V.     I,  me   1 1.9  ;  15.7  ;  17.6-9;  §  24 
-n,  V.     reciprocal  84.7;   §  81 
-nE,  ;/.     local  7.3;  8.2;  56.13 ;  §  93 
-'na,  n.     modal   17.2;  82.8;  §  94 
-na\v(a),  v.     reciprocal  9.8;  10.2, 4;  36.4; 

§  50 
-ns,    V.      we     two,     us     two    {^inclusive) 

10.5-6,8;  36.7;  §  24 
-nx,  V.     thou,  thee  13.2,6-7,  ro;  14.3,5 ; 

§  24 
-nx,  V.     they,  them  8.3;  10.9;  §  24 
-nxan,  v.     we,  us  (^'ar/z/j/iv)  8.1 ;  17.2-3; 

§  24 
-nl,  V.     we,  us  {inclusive)  7.2;  9.6;  11.2; 

§  24 
-s,  V.  auxiliary  50.16,18;  §  76 
-st,  V.      inchoative     13.5,  7;  14.1;  26.1; 

§  66 
-ts,  V.     ye  two,  you  two  32.4-6,10-11; 

§  24 
-tsx,  V.      imperative    expressing   insepa- 
rable possessive  interrelations  between 

object  and  subject  38.5;  52.17;  76.18- 

19,21;  §  47 
*-tc,     general  adverbial  8.10;  §  22 
-tc,  ;/.     his,  her,  its  8.4;  lo.i;  §  88 
-tc,  ;/.     local    of  motion    7.2,4;  8.7,10; 

12.1-2,5-6;  §  90 
-tca^x,  ;/.     their  two    32.5  ;  38.18;  40.19  ; 

§88 
-tc''nx,  ;/.     their  54.4;  70.7  ;  §  88 
-tci,  n.     ye,  you  7.3;  8.9-10;  11. 4;  §24 
-tc"ax  see  -tca"x 
-tcx"  see  -tca"x 

-tc',  V.     tentative  13.7-8;  14.1;  §  52 
-k,  n.     adverbial  14.6;  32.10;  §  118 
q-,    discriminative  prefix  14.3;  19.9;  §21 
-xam,  V.     present  passive  8.1;   11.8,10; 

S  55 


128 


-xamyax,  v 

%  57 
-xamttx,  V. 


past  passive  29.6,  8;  32.15  ; 


passive  denoting  possessive 
interrelations  of  the  subject  54.14; 
§  39 


*-xan,  nominal  92.15,17. 

-xun,    V.       we     two    {exclusive)    36.16; 

54.22;  §  24 
f-t,  7/.     exhortative  §  64 
-l!,  v.     transitivizing  36.18;  48.9;    ^  77 


English-Lower  Umpqua. 


above,     qa"x,  qa'xun,  qa"'xun 

accomplish,  to,     xnrn- 

acorn,     q"na'"x 

across,     tuqa'tmE 

across  the  river,     qa'titc 

addition,     a'xwi'yu 

affirm,  to,     wltu- 

afraid,  to  be,     winx- 

afterwards,    a''lai 

not  long  afterwards,    ku'  ya'tsac  L!a'" 
some  time  afterwards,    tci'k.'yac  L!a"" 

again,     wa',  waha' 

age,     ni'qiu 

agree,  to,     wiiu- 

ahead,     pEli'tc 

alder,     L!"waxa''m 

all,     ha"mut 

all  right,     ha" 

almost,     xyal'x,  ku'xyal'x 

alone,     ni'k!a 

alongside,     ha"qmas 

Alsea  Indian,     hani's,  (u^a'yax 

also,     a'l'du,  a"sxa 

although,     wa' 

always,     tsim,  tnat 

and,     "t 

angry,  to  be,     wasLsi- 

ankle,     tse'taha,  tcinEki" 

announce,  to,     Lion- 
answer,  to,     Lxau- 

ant,     tsa''^k!its 

antlers,     maxtc 

anus,     q"Lrmt,  q!''hi'ni 

anything,     nictci'tc 

anywhere,     tcaitci'tc 


apart,     Lxi'yatc 
appear  on  surface,  to,     xa"w- 
approach,  to,     xumc-,  Liu- 
arm,     tkuni'hat 
armpits,     qina'xwus 
arrive,  to,     Liu- 
arrow,     tsi'Lli 
artery,     tsino'kwa 
ascend,  to,     xatn- 
ashes,     q;''ha'}tEx 
ashore,     ha'q 
ask,  to,     hatc'- 
assemble,  to,     tEmu- 
assembly,     tEm"u'"' 
at  last,     wan 
attempt,  to,     tlaxatc'- 
auger,     L!wi^p 
awake,  to  be,     kwls- 
away  from  the  water,     ha'q 
axe,     tcimtca'mi 

back,     tsi'mqwl,  tsi'muqwi,  tsini" 

bad,     ml'kla 

bad  thing,     mi'ck'la' 

bark,  to,     hux"- 

bark  (of  tree),     qailTi 

basket  (for  berries),     kala'ntc 

basket  (for  eels),     wap 

basket  (fishing),     tsu"n,  ka'"wil 

basket  (for  salmon),     skwi'li^ 

basket  (for  trinkets),     qa"qa"'ni 

basket  (woman's),     xa''tsEm 

bat,     payana'ts 

bay,     qa'u'tc 

beach,     paa"'"" 


129 


beads,     tsali'swali 

bear  (brown),     t!i 

bear  (grizzly),     swat,  pu'ktici 

beard,     yu'sin 

beat,  to  (at  games),     ku'n- 

beautiful,     his 

beaver,     qwo'txa' 

because,     ni'ctcim 

bed,  ma'tcu 

bee,  tsl'i'nyuxa 
begin,  to,     hiq!- 

in  the  beginning,     m*yo%''s 
behind,  to  be,     timn- 
behind,  iimni'tc 
believe,  to,     han'nit!- 
belly,     qo'mi 
below,     qaxan- 
belt  (of  breech-cloth),     mu'l'ii 
bet,  to,     xunh- 
bet,  xu'nha' 
beyond,     ha"wi's 
big,     yikt,  s''a't 
birds,     ipina't 
bitter,     timsqaya't 
black,     hwu'nhwun 
blackberries,     tslxat'a't' 
blackbird,     tukteni'uk 
blade,     tci'xum 
blanket,     aswit'i' 
blaze,     minni' 
blind,     lima'hm 
blood,     qa'vvi 
blow,  to  (intr.),     tcit'- 
bluejay,     qlni'swa 
board,     ta'qtaq 
boat,     si'xa' 
body,     ta'xtEm,  sqans 
boil,  to,     laq"- 

to  boil  with  hot  rocks,     tqu- 
boil,     pisni" 
boiled,     L!'yaxa"'wi 
bone,     tsna'wi,  tsla'we 
bow,     Llxml'ti 
bowstring,     Lxmu'ku 


boy,     kiltiwa'L 

blubber,     t!''yas''yu'"' 

blue,     si'skuk,  sku'qlnis,  qtsi'nqtsin 

brains,     qe'sLiq,  La''nis 

bread,     qa'lxa,  x"a'La  qia'lax 

break,  to,     tc!hutc-,  yuL!- 

breakers,     tso'ti 

breast  (of  man),     iqu'wa 

breast  (of  woman),     ku'tsi 

bridle,     k!u'mEh 

bring,  to,     hin- 

broken,     i'Llust 

broom,     q"ha'qwi 

brother  (elder),     mat!i' 

brother  (younger),     m"u'sk" 

brother-in-law,     taq!i'wi,  ta'maxt 

brushes,     k'a'mas 

bucket,     k'^a'ni 

buckskin,     x^a'La  iq!a'nu 

buffalo,  wi'cwic 

bull,     bukwa'ct 

bullfrog,     tkwi'iowi 

burn,  to,     maltc- 

bury,  to,     tkwi'- 

but,     "i 

butterfly,     klala'piciwa 

buy,  to,     tuha-,  t!uha- 

to  buy  in  exchange  for,     minq!- 

call,  to,     hi-,  Itcin- 

to  call  by  name,     hant'- 
camas,     a"'tcisi 
camp,  to,     witsin- 
canoe,     sT'xa' 
captain,     m'a'ti 
carry,  to,     tcinu- 
cat,     p!Tc 

catch,  to,     xiya'-,  iak"- 
caterpillar,     kwiyu'cnayiitc 
cedar,     q!a'tcti 
ceiling,     to'x"s,  tq!a"'wi 
chair,  ti'ta' 
change,  to,     huya- 
cheek,     qw"naxT" 


9 — COL.    UNIV.    CONTRIB.    ANTHROP.    VOL.    IV. 


1  ^o 


chicken-hawk,     qa'xl 

chief,     m"a'tT,  hia"'"' 

child,     t!amc,  tli'hnis 

child  (posthumous),     ik\va"\visk'in 

chimney,     ma'ltcu 

chin,     tsami'tsEm 

chipmunk,     tsmi'x"un 

circle,  to,     cintc- 

in  a  circle,     ci'ntcata 
claws,     milt,  hims 
climb,  to,     xahi- 
close,  to,     tkum-,  t!Emt- 
close  by,     ha"qmas 
clouds,     hi'a' 
coals  (live),     ik"una'atsu 
coat,     ka'po 
codfish,     pahu'"' 
cold,  to  be,     naqu-,  nEqu- 
comb,  to,     tsxan- 
comb,     tsxa'nwl 
come,  to,     lTu- 
come  back,  to     xwil!- 
come  out  (of  water),  to,     xa"\v- 
come  together,  to,     tEmu- 
commence,  to,     hiq!- 
continually,     hiat 
cook,  to,     iJixu- 
coon,     tcixniiiE 
corpse,     xwa'tsi 
cougar,     litc't 
cough,     phii'si 
count,  to,     qaLx- 
country,     L!a'"' 
cousin,     tenia' nl,  ti'pxan 
cover  with  dirt,  to,     tkwi'- 
cover,     aswit'i' 
cow,     mu'smus 

coyote,     mo'luptsinisla,  tsxu'njjLi 
crab,     na'watj 
crane,     tsana  xl 
crawfish,     L!ntr'tcisi 
creek,     inqla'a' 

crooked,     niEtci'tc,  tci'ha'tc,  kli'ntckwis 
crow,     mii^fL 


crowd,     tEm'Ti'" 

crowded,     ta'qnis 

cry,  to,     qatx-,  qatx- 

cup,     k!ani'ck! 

curlew,     skwi' 

custom,     nictcima'-mu 

cut,  to,     mik"-,  klux"-,  xumL- 

cut  off",  to,     sku'x"- 

cut  in  two,  to,     sku'x"-,  tlEmxu- 

cut,     qutsini" 

dam  up,  to,     mat- 
dam,     ma'ti 
dance,  to,     macj!- 

to  dance  the  medicine  dance, 
dancer,     mEq!yu'"' 
dark,  to  be,     hu"n-,  qa'x- 
darkness,     qa'xi'si 
daughter-in-law,     te'mxan 
day,     tsxayu'"' 

day  before  yesterday,     yuha''tc 
daybreak,     tsxayuwi'nt 
dead  man,     xwa'tsi 
deaf,     tu'ktuk 
dear,     tqati'yat 
deep,     qa'n-,  Llnuwa'tit 
deer,     tsi'sqan 
descend,  to,     slox"- 
desire,  to,     sinxi- 
die,  to,     xau- 
different,     ha''na 
differently,     nlctcama''nat'a 
dig,  to,     itq- 
dip,  to,     iJxmux."- 
dip  out,  to,     hamts- 
disappear,  to,     k!ix- 
dive,  to,     sun- 
do,  to,     xaL!-,  xnl"n- 
dog,     ctjaxtc,  klwi'yos 
door,     tkuma'a' 
dove,     hu'mun 
down,     qa'xan- 

down-hearted,  to  be,     nilkwayat- 
down  the  river,     qa'wa'a" 


pmq- 


131 


downwards,     qanistci'tc 
dream,  to,     a"s-,  qu't'- 
dress,     kli'nhackwun. 
dried,     lxu',  Lxu'yast 
drink,  to,     qatcu- 

to  drink  whiskey,     lam- 
drive  away,  to,     c''x"- 
driink,     limi'tx 
drunkard,     la^mutcya"x 
dry,  to  be,     k!ap- 
dry,  to,     Lxu'- 
dry,     Lxu's 

dull,     q"Li'mtc,  q"u'mtc'ns 
dung,     ahi' 
dusk,     ho'nisi 
dwelling,     hitsi'' 

each,     k!ex,  k!ix 

eagle,     k!a'yak,  k!a'yak!l 

eagle  (white-headed),     ma''q" 

ear,     qa'kwix 

early  in  the  morning,     ts'u'xtlts 

east,     qa'xq 

easy,     ha'us 

eat,  to,     lit!- 

eel,     iq!a'si 

eggs,     q-na'^x 

eight,     ci'nax  qta'max 

elbow,     Ikumi'hat 

elk,     Limna''q 

end,  to,     hau-,  smut'- 

enough,  '  ha'nhan 

enter,  to,     qaa-,  Lxaa- 

escape,  to,     L!xa"yats- 

exceedingly,     s^kwi'tc 

expensive,     tqati'yat 

explain,  to,     Inl- 

extinguish,  to  (intr.),     kvvil- 

even,     wa' 

even  up,  to,     qla'- 

event,     nictcima^mu 

every,     k!ex,  k!ix 

everywhere,     tea 

eye,     kopx 


eyebrow,     tsl'yu'sni 

face,     qa'nni,  qa'lni 

fair,     k!alatu'",  k.'alatu'" 

fall,  to,     hak"- 

fall  down,  to,     xatk- 

fall  sideways,  to,     l°w- 

fall  (season),     nictcinu- 

fan,  to,     Lnt- 

far,     qa"han 

fashion,     nictcima'^mu 

fasten,  to,     qa'- 

fat  (adj.),     niEkct,  mixt,  t.'I'sa 

father,     mita 

father-in-law,     niEkli' 

fear,  to,     winx- 

feather,     ta''qat,  quna'quL,  Ipu'qwi 

female  being,     qlutcu'ni 

fern-roots,     ya"'xa 

fetch,  to,  lak"- 

finally,     wan 

find,  to,     qnu'- 

finger,     tcmi'lq" 

finger-nail,     miltx 

finish,  to,     hau,  smut'- 

fire,     Liya'a" 

fire-drill,     tcl'tit 

first,     pEli'tc 

fish,  to,     piul- 

fish,     It'i'a' 

fisher,     qa'min 

fish-hawk,     pi'sip 

fish-hook,     ksii'mi 

fish-net,     qa'xat 

five,     Lxa"pis 

fix,  to,     xaLl- 

flea,     q!a"it! 

floor,     L!T''nI 

flop,  to,     citx- 

flounder,     Limi'kcu 

flour,     q!a'rx 

flower,     tca^xan^ 

fly,  to,     Lxat-,  pxuc- 

fly,     qwiya'nu 


1  \2 


foam,     xwa'xuL 

foggy,  to  be,     hu"!!- 

follovv,  to,     ka"s- 

food,     witslu'we,  }i't!a' 

foot,     tsi'k" 

for,     "\ 

forehead,     tl'tcni 

four,     xa'tsliin 

fox  (red),     p'a'yim 

frame  (of  house),     tEqyu'" 

fresh,     tii'wax 

friend,     ts'il-mu't,  Lxa"'yax 

frog,     hu'qats 

front,  in,     pEh'tc 

frost,     tsvva'si 

full,  to  be,     taqn- 

fuU,     ta'qnis 

fun,  to  have,     hutc- 

fun,     hutcu'',  hfitcu'",  hotcu'"' 

gall,     kwina'cin 
game,     hutcu",  hutcu'",  hutcu'"" 
gamble,  to,     lawat- 
gambler,     ia'wat!ya"x 
garden,     pina'k 
garters,     ha'm 
gather,  to,     tEmu- 
gather  (berries  or  roots),  to,     yaw- 
gathering,     tEm'Ti'"' 
get,  to,     tak"- 
get  even  with,  to,     qla'- 
get  out,  to,     hask"- 
get  up,  to,     kast- 
girdle,     skwi'nkwi 
girl,     Loatci'l'ma 
give,  to,     wax- 
give  up,  to,     anx- 
glad,  to  be,     tsit-,  tclhac"- 
gnat,     k!o'°xwi 
go,  to,     qatcn-,  xint- 
go  back,  to,     tcax"-,  tcaxu-,  tcin- 
go  downstream,  to,     qwaxtc- 
go  home,  to,     tcax"-,  tcaxu- 
go  and  look  for,  to,     k!ink'i- 


go  out,  to  (intr.),     kwll- 

go  over,  to,     pitc- 

go  towards  water,  to,     qwaxtc- 

god,     <ia"'xax  m"a'ti 

good,     his 

goose  (black),     ya'k 

goose  (white),     mu'a"s 

gopher,     tE'mniL 

grampus,     pu'qwe 

granddaughter,     ItEko'n 

grandfather,     upL 

grandmother,     kaniL 

grandson,     iimi'sk'in 

grass,     tsEha"'ya 

grasshopper,     Lxu'cyuxa 

grave,     q.'wa'ax 

gray,     pa"la'st 

grease,     tl'yas-'yu'"' 

greasy,     tli'sa 

great,     Lla'"' 

a  great  many,     ya"xa' 
green,     sku'qtnis,  qtsi'nqtsin 
grouse,     mi'tcmitc,  si'na"wi 
grow,  to,     si'- 
growth,     si'ya'a" 
gun,     poq" 

hail,     ts'all'swal'T 

hair,     hrqii' 

half,     tE'mxut,  tsi'nExma,  tsi'nixt 

halibut,     p^a'tcin 

hammer,     Llxi'ti 

hand,     tciL,  lpaa''qwa,  Lpi'ha 

handkerchief,     wikisa't 

hard,     qa'sqas 

hat,     Ikwa'nuk",  Ikwa'luk" 

hazelwood,     tcTstx,  q"na'"x  iqa'''tu 

he,     s'a.,  s'us 

head,     qami'lis,  xwa'ka 

back  of  head,     tsunni'ox 
hear,  to,     klin-,  qaqu'n- 
heart,     ha' 
heavy,     ki'k'it 
hence,     qatk 


her,     sVna'mt,  s'a'na'mltc 
here,     ta'k,  ti'uts,  tlk 

this  here,     ta^k 

over  here,     tuti'm 
herring,     taquwa' 
hey !,     a" 
hide,     Iqla'nu 

high,     qa^x,  qaxun-,  qa"'xun 
high  tide,  it  is,     qLow- 
high  tide,     qLo'wa' 
hill,     cko'tc 
hip,     ta^'yii,  Iqo'ta 
his,     s^a'na'mt,  s'a'na'mitc 
hit  (with  fist),  to,     k'muL-,   Lol- 
hit  (with  a  club),  to,     tcanhat- 
hoe,     ki''ka' 
hog,     ku'cu 
hook,  to,     qat- 
hook,     tqa'tl 

hold  up  (head),  to,     tca"k'- 
hole,     yalqa'a" 
horn,     maxtc 
horse,     ta"'wEx,  kd'tan 
house,     hits!" 
how,     ni'ctci 
how  many,     tcint,  k'^a't 
how  much,     tcint 
huckleberries  (red),     yau'wa 
huckleberries  (blue),     ta'xa' 
humming-bird,     ki'ctkin 
hundred,     kix'^s  ki'xestim 
hungry,  to  be,     sinq!- 
hunt,  to,     paLn-,  paa'Ln- 
husband,     qasLl'u 

I,     na,  na'han 
ice  appears,     k!"xwin- 
ice,     kl^xwi'ni 
if,     ats,  nats,  tsan 
indeed !     ha'nhan 
indeed !     kit 
Indian,     hitc 
infant,     t!amc,  tcia'L 
inhabitants,     tiyu'"' 


inquire,  to,     hatc'- 

inside,  to  be,     qaa-,  Lxaa- 

inside,     qtsi 

in  spite  of  the  fact,     Ava' 

interpret,  to,     hi-,  int- 

intestines,     qna'we 

invite,  to,     k!a'- 

island,     wi''taya 

it,     s'^a,  s''as 

its,     sVna'mt,  sVna'mttc 

jealous,     sixnl'tx 
join,  to,     suqu-,  Lapq- 
jump,  to,     Lxa"s-,  Llmix- 
just  (adv.),     txu 

Kalapuya  Indian,     qa"xqax 

Kalapuya  language,     a"tc  wa'as 

kick,  to,     staq- 

kidney,     ma'I 

kill,  to,     ts'i'-,  L!xma'- 

kind  of,     xl 

kinnikinnick-berries,     p!i'^"xun 

knee,     qoq" 

knee-cap,     xa'pni 

knife,     qani'nat,  qali'nal,  qabtc 

knot,     q!wT'ni,  tqu'nwi 

know,  to,     l!x"- 

knuckle,     tcinEki" 

ladder,     kti'nu 
lake,     pk'i'ti 
lame,     hi'nTxLis 
landing-place,     sima'x" 
language,     wa'as 
large,     yikt 
later  on,     ta'hts 
laugh,  to,     L!a%- 
lay,  to,     mate- 
lazy,     q!uya"tis 
leader,     m^a'ti 
leaf,     Lllp 

lean  against,  to,     kna'- 
lean  back,  to,     tca^n- 


134 


leave,  to,     a'q- 
leave  alone,  to,     anx- 
left  (hand),     a'qtcitcu'ni 
leg,     tsik" 

leg  (above  knee),     tciyif'tcin 
leggings,     tsl'kwi,  1-i'mtas 
let  (me,  thee,  etc.),     qa't 
lie  on  back,  to,     tca"n- 
light,     klLa",  Lk.'e'hii 
lighten,  to,     minxu- 
lightning,     mi'n'xvvi 
like,  to,     sinxi- 
like,     hank ! 
likewise,     a"sxa,  a'l'du 
lip  (upper),     cini'Ltxu 
listen,  to,     qacju'n- 
live,  to,     ta'-,  tl- 
liver,     k'a'pi,  q!a''pi 
log,     tqa"'tri 
long  (adj.),     hatca't 
long  afterwards,     ya^'tsac  L!a'" 
long  ago,     wa'nwits 
look,  to,     yaqu'-,  yax- 
look  on,  to,     tc!at!u- 
look  out,     yixum-,  man- 
loon,     ha}i'l:(i"un 
loose,  to  let,     anx- 
lose,  to,     awl'hin- 
lost,  to  be,     hu'- 
loud,     qa"'xun,  qa'xun- 
louse  (body),     ta'wi 
louse  (head),     qtsi'" 
low,  to  be  (of  water),     wiL- 
lovv  tide,     wiLa'',  k!a'pa' 
lower  (one's  head),  to,     ku'n- 
Lower  Umpqua,     qu'itc 

mad,  to  be,     wasLsf- 
make,  to,     hau-,  xaiJ- 
make  dams,  to,     mat- 
male  being,     tExmu'ni 
man,  hitc,     tExmfi'ni 

young  man,     kiluwil'L 
manner,     nictcima'^mu 


in    that    manner,      atsi'tc,    s'a'tsa, 
s'atsi'tc 

in  what  manner,     nictci'tc 
many,     ya"'xa' 
mash,  to,     aLu- 
mat,     pilk 
match,     limi'itci 
maybe,     k" 

me  (for  me,  on  me,  to  me,  with  me),  natc 
meat,     niL 

medicine-dance,     pi'nqa 
medicine-man,     pa'nqa 
merely,     ata's,  txu 
middle,  in  the,     a'mha'tx 
midnight,     amina'ha"t  qa'xi'si 
milk,  qoLi'si 
mind,     ha' 
mink,     ckl^an 
mirror,     q!"ya'q!"xe' 
miss,  to,     xaL- 
moccasins,     t'a'ntuq.'wi 
mole,     puna'puna' 
money,     hi'qla,  ta'la 
monster,     mi'ck'la' 
month,     tsi'tixa 
moon,     tsT'tixa 

half  moon,     yuqiat  tsi'tixa 
mortar,     qa't 
mosquito,     kl'ii'pi 
mother,     mita 
mother-in-law,     niEkli' 
motion,  to  be  in,     xint- 
mountain,     cko'tc 
mouse,     p!i'huts! 
mouth,     Laa' 
mouth  of  river,    (ja*u'tc,  cjaSva'a",  Ikli'a", 

tk.'i'ha" 
move,  to,     cil"x- 
move  in  a  circle,  to,     cintc- 
much,     ya"'xa,  ya"'xa' 
mud,     no'qma 
mullet,     tE'mklwiba 
murderer,     si'yuk",  s''a'ya  hitc 
muskrat,     tsimi'ba 


135 


mussels,     ha'kwi 

mutually,     qa'winti,  qa'w"nti 

my,     nam'l,  na'm^titin,  na'm^iin 

naked,     xu'sxus 

name,     iTn 

navel,     tcalo'x,  kla'l'apu 

near,     ha''qmas 

necessarily,     "'k"han 

neck,     s'Ti'qlwi,  tso'rikwe 

neigh,  to,     q"cilt- 

neighbor,     tsi  mqma 

nephew,     t!a't,  lip 

nevertheless,     "i 

new,     hawa'tsit,  t!i'wax 

niece,     tinl,  li'pxan 

night,     qa'x,  qa'xl'si 

nine,  a't^qxa^t 

no,     ku',  kumi'ntc 

noise,  to  make,     piu- 

noon,     amina'ha''t  tsxayu'"' 

north,     qpa' 

north  wind,     maha''t'T 

nose,     L"wa  si 

not,     ku',  kumi'ntc 

not  at  all,     kati',  kati'xti 

nothing  but,     ha"tsi 

now,     aL,  wan 

number,     ya'xa",  yixi" 

oak,     mu'xwa 
obtain,  to,     iak"- 

obtain  (roots  or  berries),  to,     yaw- 
ocean,     pi''tsis 
offshore,     qo'x"m 
old,     hyu'wax,  s'^a't 
once  more,     wa',  waha' 
one,     afq 
only,     ata's,  ha''tsi 
one  side,  to,     Lxa'p-,  mEtci'tc 
one-sided,     tci'ha'tc 
open,  to,     qun'- 
open  (mouth),  to,     ik!a- 
opinion,     ha' 


orphan,     Ihunt 

other,     Lxa"'yax,  Lxa"yaxa"'ni 

otter  (land),     q"L!i''tc 

otter  (sea),     ku''tciyu,  q''la"Lq"la''L 

our  (inclusive  dual),  na'm'ht'ns,  na'm'hns 

our     (exclusive     dual),        na'm'ilta"xun, 

na'm'^lixiin 
our  (inclusive  plural),  na'm'lit'nt,  na'm'linl 
our    (exclusive    plural) ,      na'm'lit'nxan , 

na'm'''iinxan 
out-doors,     hiu 
outside,     Inu 
outside,  to  be,     hask"- 
out  in  the  water,     qo'x"m 
owl,     pupuhu'nik! 

screech-owl,     }k!anu'k" 
own  (pronoun),     ts'ims 
oysters,     q'ai'nik" 
pack,  to,     tcinu- 
paddle,  to,     LwTt- 
paddle,     Llixt! 
pain,     sTit! 

paint,  to,     kuts-,  L!im- 
paint,     tqluts,  tsya'mu 
palate,     kwine't'o 
pants,     qwuhi'nihi 
paper,     k"tsa' 
parent-in-law,     ku'la 
parting  (of  hair),     si'ania 
pass,  to,     qiu- 
pass  by,  to,     Llha- 
pass  out,  to,     Liha- 
pass  wind,  to,     Iqaq- 
path,     txa'n^ 
pelican,     squ'ma 
pelican  (white),     kwf'ku 
pencil,     tkwa'^tsi 
penis,     ca'ya 
people,     hitc,  iJa"" 

some  people,     tsi'mqma 
perforation  (of  ear),     q"nitl" 
perhaps,     a'ckali,  k",  k"na 
person,     hltc 
pestle,     t'i'ti 


I  ^6 


petticoat,     tsT'kwi 
pick  (berries,  etc.)  to,     yaw- 
pigeon,     hu'mun,  hamu^m 
pigeon-hawk,     qsi'i 
pipe,     Ikwa'ni 
pipe-stem,     kmu'ku 
pistol,     po(i" 
pitch,     tslatn,  qia'it 
pity,  to  have,     mitku- 
place,     L!a'"' 

place,  any  kind  of,     tsima'st 
place,  green,     umi'stist 
play,  to,     hutc- 
pocket,     t'u'nixyu 
pole,     Lxau' 

poor,  to  be,     nakwayat-,  tsinq!- 
poor,     tsincjlt 

position,  to  be  in  horizontal,     mate- 
position,  to  be  in  upright,     skwa'- 
post,     tci'tcLni 
post-office,     kutsa'yEm  hltsl'" 
potatoes,     qwimts 
pour,  to,     qu'n- 
pretty,     his 
proud,     k!\vi'act 
provisions,     ti'tia' 
pupil  (of  eye),     kapq 
put  on,  to,     asut-,  hits- 

([uahog,     qo'min_ 
quantity,     yixl" 
(juickly,     Li'mqa 
quit,  to,     hau- 
quiver,     taha'nik 

raccoon,     pi'iq"ts 
race,     Lxatu'"' 
rafter,     kwi'si 
rain,  to,     hin^k!- 
rainbow,     a'nti 
raise,  to,     pinq- 
raise  (head),  to,     tca"k'- 
rat,     wi'mitc,  q!a' 
rather,     tEma' 


rattlesnake,     ma''qwa,  ttci'xa 

raven,     mitquni'qu 

raw,     Li'msti 

ready,  to  be,     hau- 

red,     Lqut 

region,     Lla"' 

relate,  to.     Lion- 
relative,     tE'q,  tsi'mqma 

relative  by  marriage  after  death  of 
person  that  caused  this  relation- 
ship,    xayu'sL 

return,  to,     tcin-,  xwTl!- 

rich,     Ina"'"' 

riches,     tnawit'u'"' 

right  (hand),     hi's'tcu'ni 

right  away,     hi'nak!',  Li'mqa 

ring,     tcmilqu'"' 

ripe,     tint 

ripen,  to,     tin- 
river,     inqla'a' 

road,     txa'n**' 

roast,  to,     xa'tc-,  xatc- 

roast,     cuqwa'an,  xa'tca'a" 

robin,     tsl'qtax,  ql-ci'n 

rock,     (jayu'^'nts 

roll,  to,     cqaw- 

roof,     tqa'wi 

root,     'Iqwa'^tEm 

rope,     1-Ep'i's 

rotten,     tsu's 

rump,     k'qwe'ne 

run,  to,     Lxat- 

run  away,  to,     aq- 

saddle,     ti'ta' 
salal-berries,     qluni" 
saliva,     k"tsu'"' 
salmon,     It'i'a' 

dog-salmon,     qiya'yaq 

silverside-salmon,     hVptci 
salmon-berries,  Lu'xwitc,     l!o"x 
salmon  season,     q!Exa"yu'"' 
salmon-spear,     pEsa'x 
salt,     hil'a'xwa 


137 


sand,     paa"'"' 
sand  beach,     tsiti'" 
say,  to,     waa- 
scale,     ki'twi 
scalp,     ta'knis 
scare,  to,     y"p-,  k!ul- 
scatter,  to,     pxuc- 
scoop  out,  to,     hamts- 
scorch,  to,     tsinx- 
scraper,     si'pi 
sea,     pl'^tsis 
sea-gull,     Iqal'o'ma 
seal,     ya'*"k''s,  lkima%' 
second,     timm'tc 
see,  to,     yaqu'-,  yax- 
seize,  to,     tak"- 
self,     ts'ims 
sell,  to,     tuha-,  t!uha- 
send,  to,     wiltc-,  l!ox- 
settler,     tlyu'"' 
seven,     xa'tslu  qta'max 
shaft,     ha"'wiyu 
shag,     tkunt 
shake,  to,     cil'x- 
shark,     qa'ta" 
sharp,     pini'tt 
she,     s'a,  s'as 
shine,  to,     tsxa'- 

shinny-ball,  to  play,     pak"-,  pak"- 
shinny-game,     pEku"',  pEku'"" 
shinny-player,     pEku'",  pEku'"' 
shinny-stick,     pEku",  pa'kwl 
shirt,     qaqa'' 
shoe,     t'a'ntuqlwi 
shoot,  to,     tsiL!- 
shore,     ha'q 

shoulder,     pa'ltpa,  lpa'a"t 
shout,  to,     hat-,  tqul- 
shut,  to,     tkum-,  tlEml- 
shut  (eye),  to,     pax- 
sick,  to  be,     pin- 
sick  person,     plna'st 
sickness,     plni'si 
sides,  on  both,     qa'winti,  qaVntl 


sight,  to  be  in,     xumc- 
silent  person,     hi'yiit 
Siletz,     ta''mi 
simply,     ata's,  txu 
sinew,     ts!u'xpi 
sing,  to,    anxl- 
sister  (elder),     misi'a' 
sister  (younger),     mictci",  q!a"sinti 
sit,  to,     ta'-,  tl- 
Siuslaw,     cayucLa'a 
six,     qa'timx 
skunk,     pEni's 
skunk-cabbage,     tslyanx 
skin,     sqans,  Iqla'nu 
sky,     tsxayu'"',  qa"'xun 
slave,     tsax" 
sleep,  to,     a^s- 
sleepy,  to  feel,     wusl- 
slide,  to,     sLox"- 
small,     yak!-,  Llmak'- 
small-pox,     li'xtsnisi 
smoke,  to  (tr,),     Ikwun- 
smoke,  to  (intr.),     tquni 
smoke,     tqu'ni 
smoke-hole,     wiya'a' 
snail,     tsimni'L 
snore,  to,     xri"n- 
snow,  to,     wait- 
snow,     u'lti 
so,     "I 

soap,     Lxa'yimL 
soft,     "nkl'nk! 
sole  (of  foot),     ta'^xa 
something,     tE'q 
sometimes,     tci'k!yac  L.'a'"' 
somewhere,     tea,  tcaitcl'tc 
son-in-law,     mun(i) 
soot,     qa'n'x 
sorrel,     pxu''pxu' 
sorry,  to  be,     pin-,  naku- .  . .  ha' 
soup,     psix 
sour,     timsqaya't 
south,     qu'i,  qo'i,  qu'- 
space  between  knuckles,     tsxa's 


138 


speak,  to,     pu'ikna-,  waa- 

spear,  to,     tcaq-,  tu'tc- 

spear,     Itsa'k!,  Lxau' 

speech,     wa'as 

spider,     ku'mit! 

split,  to,     yiq!a"-,  xip- 

spoon,     ts'u'xwl 

spotted,     paia'st 

spring  season  approaches,     nictcinu- 

spring,     pa'nu,  pa'lTi,  Lip'a'nii 

squirrel,     xalt! 

stake  (in  games),     xu'nha' 

stand,  to,     skwa'- 

star,     ts!u"m 

morning  star,     paqa^'ux 
start,  to,     hlq!-,  qatcn-,  xint- 
start  again,  to,     nal- 
start  out,  to,     nai- 
stay  over  night,  to,     witsin- 
steal,  to,     tsmiqn- 
step-brother,     m"usku'l"ma 
step-daughter,     tini 
step-father,     mltla'sk'in 
step-mother,     miiask'i'l-ma 
step-son,     t!a't 
stick,     tqa"'tn 
stiff,  to  be,     tipu- 
stifif  (adj.),     qa'sqas 
stiffen,  to,     nits- 
still  (conj.),     "1,  wi'yli 
stir,  to,     cqaw- 
stomach,     ts!a'xan 
stone,     qayu'"'nts 
store,     tuhatca'^mu 
story,     halk!,  halk! 
stove,     ma'ltcu 
straight,     hi'sa,  t'xuli't 
strike  (with  fist),  to,     k'muL-,  Lol- 
strong,     tKxam 
sturgeon,     u't 
such,     tu'a't,  sVt 
sugar,     cu'kwa 
summer,     pi'ctcEm 
sun,     tsxayu''" 


sunset,     t!i'\vlst 
swallow,     titcno'tci 
swan  (black),     qoc'x 
swan  (white),     ([o'(|oq 
sweat-house,     q.'i'mats 
swim,  to,     mix-,  sit,!- 

tail,     xwu'tcni 
take,  to,     tak"- 
take  along,  to,     hln- 
take  away,  to,     xiya'- 
take  care  of,  to,     man- 
take  off,  to,     aq-,  xus"- 
talk,  to,     waa- 
tall,     hatca't 
tattoo-marks,     pictci" 
tell,  to,     waa-,  iJon- 
ten,     kix's 
that,     ants 

that  kind,     tu'a't,  s'a''t 
that  one,     tli,  tua',  s'a,  s'as 
thee    (for  thee,    on  thee,    to  thee,  with 

thee),     nrx"tc 
their,     sVna'm'itc'nx 
their  (dual),     s'a'na'mltc"ax 
them  (to  them,  for  them,  on  them,  with 

them),     sVnanx 
them  two  (to  them  two,  etc.),     s''a"na"x 
then,     a''lal,  "I 
thence,     sqa'tEm 
there,     sqa'k,  stim,  stimk 

over  there,     tuqa'tmE 
therefore,     a'tsa,  s*a'tsa 
these,     s'anx 
they,     s'anx,  iJa'"' 
they  two,     s''a"x 
thick,     tsiLt 
thin,     q"crct 
think,  to,     cinxT- 
this,     tE 
those,     tE,  ants 
thou,     nix"ts 
thread,     ts'i'nEhi 
three,     cin"x 


139 


throat,     sowa''xwa,  kwinl'ntxu 

throw,  to,     hak"-,  sut!- 

throw  up  dirt,  to,     waqun- 

thumb,     yiktia'ntxu  tcmltq" 

thunder,     u'mh 

thus,     a'tsa,  atsl'tc,  s'u'tsa,  s'atsi'tc 

thy,     ni'xamStinx,  ni'xamhnx 

tide-water  weeds,     kwin 

tie,  to,     hamx-,  qa'- 

tie  hair,  to,     q!win- 

tight,     a°'twa 

time,     mintc 

a  long  time,     ya'tsa 

at  that  time,     ats 
tire  (while  waiting),  to,     qa'nu- 
tired,  to  be,     k!atu- 
tobacco,     tcTyu'sin 
to-day,     kl'sa't 
toe,     Ina'wa 
together,     ti'mwa 
to-morrow,     k!*Lu' 
tongue,     t!'a'lt!'al 
tongs,     qwa'yu 
too,     a"sxa 
too  much,     yux" 
tooth,     t'ix 
top,  on,     qa"x 
tracks,     txa'n^ 
trade,  to,     a'tc- 
trap,     tEkla'kL! 
travel,  to,     xintm- 
tree,     lqa"'tu 
trout,     qlwulTs 
trust,  to,     han^nit!- 
try,  to,     tlaxatc'- 
try  to !     tcu 
tumble,  to,     xatk- 
twig,     Lan 
twinkle,  to,     q!u*p- 
twins,     kwitsoma't 
two,     xa'tslu 


ugly,     mik!a 
Umpqua  River, 


ts!a'lil-a 


uncle  (maternal),     t!a"sits!i 

understand,  to,     k!in- 

universe,     Lla'"' 

up,     qa"x,  qa"'xun,  qa'xun- 

uprooted,     I'iqust 

upstream,     tuqya'a",  tqa"'wl 

urinate,  to,     tq"nL- 

us  (inclusive),     na'tc'nl 

us  (exclusive),     na'tc'nxan 

us  two  (inclusive),     na'tc'ns 

us  two  (exclusive),     na'tca^xun 

vein,     tsino'kwa 
verily,     ha'nhan 
very,     s^kwi'tc,  tsi'klya 
very  much,     tsi'k!ya 
vest,     ha"'ni 
virgin,     kiluwa'L 
vulva,     mi'ck'la',  tcu'x"s 

wagon,     tsiyi'ktsiyik 

wait,  to,     tcin- 

wait  in  vain,  to,     qa'nu- 

wake  up,  to,     kast-,  kwls- 

wall,     tci'tcLni,  kcikyu'"' 

want,  to,     sinxi-,  xuwis- 

warm,  to  be,     tqaL-,  iinq!- 

wash,  to,     xaniL- 

wasp,     ts!'i'nyuxa 

watch,  to,     yaqu'-,  yixum-,  yaxn-,  man-, 

tciman- 
water,     tci 

water-carrier,     qa''tcux 
water-lizard,     tca'ptci 
wave,     pi'ctci,  tso'ti 
we  (inclusive),     nanl 
we  (exclusive),     na'nxan 
we  two  (inclusive),     nans 
we  two  (exclusive),     na"'xun 
wealth,     tnawit'u'"' 
weather,     tsxayu'"' 
weep,  to,     qatx-,  qatx- 
weigh,  to,     kitu- 
well,     pa'nu,  pa'l'u 


140 


well,     hi'sa 

west,     pi"tsis 

west  wind,     qLi"qa' 

wet,     L.'aqt 

whale,     hamT"tcT 

whatever,     tcint,  tci'nta" 

what  for,     nictci'tc 

when,     ats,  nats,  mintc 

where,     telle,  qantc,  tea 

whichever,     tci'nta" 

which  one,     tcint 

while,  a  little,     tiL,  ilyax-,  hicatca 

while,  after  a,     ya"'tsac  L!a'"',  ku'  ya"'tsac 

TJa'"',  ta'hts 
whip,     iJxwi'miL 
whiskey,     lam 
whistle,  to,     k"sin- 
white,     qu'LquL 
who,     watc 
whoever,     tcint,  watc 
widow,     haya'tit,  ciwi'wu  tExmu'nyEml: 
widower,      haya'tit,    ciwi'wu    qi'iitcEmi, 

ciwi'wu  qasLl'walEm 
wife,     qi'litc 
wild,     hixt 
wildcat,     hi'cj" 

willing,  to  be,     amha-,  vvinu'- 
willow,     tc'a'tis 
wind,     tcT't.'i 
window,     q!"ya'q!"'xe' 


windpipe,     hi'tu 

wings  (of  bird),     Ipa'an,  Lpa'n 

winter,     qiu'nEm 

wolf,     fi!a'xa"xi 

woman,     qi'utc,  qlutcu'ni 

young  woman,     kiluwa'L 
(I)  wonder,     tEx,  lo'^l 
wood,     ka"x" 
woodcock,     tsila'li 
woodpecker,     tca"titc 
word,     wa'as 
work,  to,     winki-,  xibxci- 
work,     wi'naki,  xil'xcyu'"' 
world,     L!a''' 
wren,     t!at!a'"c 
wrist,     tcinEki" 

year,     nictcanu'wlsi,  ni'qki 

yellow,     ])xu"pxri',  tq^u'ntis 

yellow-hammer,     ts'^a'nik" 

yes,     ha",  ha'nik 

yesterday,     tsa'nxa'ts 

yet,     wi'yii 

you  (pi.),     nl'xats'tci 

you  two,     ni'x^ts 

you  (to  you,  for  you,  etc.),     nrxatc^tci 

you  two  (to  you  two,  for  you  two,  etc.), 

ni'xatc'ts 
your  (pi.),     ni'xamht'tci,  nl'xamlitci 
your  two,     ni'xamhtits,  ni'xamlits 


NOTES  ON  THE  KUSAN  DIALECTS. 

I.   Notes  on  the  Miluk. 

The  material  upon  which  this  study  is  based  consists 
of  a  short  vocabulary,  comprising  some  hundred  nouns, 
and  a  few  forms  of  the  possessive  and  personal  pronouns 
obtained  by  J.  Owen  Dorsey  from  an  old  Miluk  Indian 
in  February,  1885,  and  at  the  present  writing  in  the  pos- 
session of  the  Bureau  of  American  Ethnology.  This  col- 
lection came  into  my  hands  too  late  to  be  incorporated 
into  my  grammatical  sketch  of  the  Coos  language;^  and 
while  it  contains  but  scanty  subject-matter,  sufficient  con- 
clusions could  be  adduced  from  it  to  attempt  a  brief  dia- 
lectic study  of  the   Kusan  stock. 

Dorsey's  method  of  spelling  is  entirely  at  variance  with 
my  own.  Hence  only  such  words  were  standardized  as 
showed  an  unquestionable  similarity  to  their  equivalents 
obtained  by  myself  in  the  Hanis  dialect.  All  other  nouns 
were  reproduced  exactly  in  the  form  in  which  Dorsey  had 
written  them  down.  For  purposes  of  a  still  closer  com- 
parison, I  made  extensive  use  of  the  Hanis  vocabularies 
that  were  collected  by  Harry  Hull  St.  Clair,  2d,  and  by 
George  P.  Bissell,  especially  in  cases  where  my  own  col- 
lection lacked  the  Hanis  equivalent  for  a  Miluk  word  con- 
tained in  Dorsey's  material.  All  such  words  will  be  found 
followed  by  the  initials  of  their  collectors.  The  footnotes 
accompanying  the  present  paper  are  my  own.  In  compound 
words  in  the  Miluk  dialect  I  have  indicated  by  Italics  those 
parts  for  which  I  have  no  equivalent  in   Hanis. 

'  Leo  J.  Frachtenberg,  Coos,  An  Illustrative  Sketch  (Handbook  of  American  Indian 
Languages,  Bulletin  40,  Bureau  of  American  Ethnology,  part  2,  pp.   297  et  seq.). 

[141] 


142 


NOUNS. 


H  =  Hanis:  M  =  Miluk. 


man,     H  M  da  mii. 

woman,     H  M  hu"'mi.s. 

old  man,     H  M  to'miL. 

old  woman,     H  M  hri"'mik\ 

young  woman,     H  M  kwe"s. 

virgin,    H  kMildii'mil;    M  iiiinm  dil'mih' 

boy,     H  di'lol;     M  kwlic  di'loh 

girl,     H  kwe'ik-;     M  kwttc  kwe'ik*. 

girl  who   has   not   yet  reached  puberty, 

H  M  wa'wa. 
girl    during    her   first    catamenia,     H  M 

tatsii'wis. 
male  infant,     H  M  di'loL. 
female  infant,     H  M  kwe'ik*. 
twins,     M  ats'u'ti  k'l'liku. 
widow,  widower,    H  lakus  (B) ;    M  la'k'is. 
a  great  talker,     H  M  qaLt  ye'es. 
a    silent   person,      H    k*!a    Lle'yis;      M 

ummi  Lle'yis.'^ 
thief,     H  M  wix'k'ini'yaL. 
head,     H  xwi'lux";     M  sel. 
hair,     H  x'ne'k";     M  ha'mus. 
face,     Ha;     M  hel. 
forehead,     H  wint;     M  kwii-tut-kwun'. 
eye,     H  M  xwa'Ixwal. 
eyebrow,     H  klincin{B);     M  ts'i'-mis. 
ear,     H  M  k"ha'nas. 
perforation    of  the  ear,     H  honat'  (B); 

M  k"ha'nas  7vn!-qe. 
external    opening    of  ear,      M   k"ha'Has 

tuk-kqa-la'yu.^ 
nose,     H  tcui;     M  li'n-nuq. 
ridge  of  nose,     H  kia'las(B);     M  al-ti'l 

li'n-neq. 
nostril,      H    hawatus  (B);      M    ii'n-nuq 

tu'k-kqa-la'yu.* 


septum    of  nose,     H  mo'smos  (B);     M 

k'iu-tci'-te  lin'nuq. 
perforation  of  septum,    H  mo'smos  (B) ; 

M  k'lu-tci'te  iT'n-nuq-wa.'qe, 
cheek,     H  qa'wa  M  k'wu'tc'  i-la'-te-t'et. 
malar  bone,     M  k'wu-tc'  a-la'-les. 
mustache,  beard,    H  ts'nax-;    M  ni-tsa's, 

ts^s. 
mouth,     H  M  ye'es. 
tooth,     H  M  qtsa. 
tongue,     H  he"lta;     M  leu'-lu. 
saliva,     H  ska'lpus  (B);     M  qwu'nlis. 
palate,  Hgaugau(B);  Mye'es-^a-ZcguZ-M. 
chin,     H  ts!ma;     M  ts'i-he'-liis. 
neck,     H  kiwints;    M  kwu'n-nu-kqwiVn. 
windpipe,     M  tsai'-ts6. 
breast,     H  ga;     M  kats. 
body,     H  lo'qimil;     M  pqa''.* 
shoulder,     H  t^kwa'tuk";     M  pqa"ti. 
back,     H  pqa";     M  ts'ai. 
nipples,     H  k'watla  (B) ;     M  kats  tti's-se.® 
abdomen,     H  we'hel;     M  kqSl-i'-qus. 
arm,     H  M  k'e'la. 

right  arm,     M  ka'-ice-iii' c-tca-te  k"e'la. 
left  arm,     M  qiuut-hl'r-te  k'e'la. 
armpits,     H  gil'lak  (B);     M  k'e'lan  tiik- 

kqa-la'yu.' 
arm  above  elbow,     H  M  ti'yex.^ 
rump.     H  M  pi'lik'is. 
leg,     H  kxla;     M  tc'i'l-li. 
leg  below  knee,     M  tu'1-tu-k'qwe'. 
foot,     HM  kxla. 
sole,     M  kxla  ttVl-lu-ive  . 
heel,     H  kxlimi'in  (B) ;     M  kxlimi'n  u- 

hak^q  . 
blood,    H  M  wi'tin. 


1  Literally,  WITHOUT  man. 
•*  Probably  HOLE  IN  EAR. 
6  Probably  ends  of  breast. 


2  Literally,  without  speech. 
*  Probably  hole  in  nose.  ^  Hanis,  back. 

^  Probably   HOLES   in  arm.  8  Literally,  knee. 


143 


brain,      H    anistuldt    (B);     M   sel  tu'k- 

kqa-la'-yu.* 
heart,     H  iluwe"tcis;     M  lu-w'e'. 
kidney,     H  ailis(B);     M  k'we'-stis. 
lung,     H  mi^la;     M  tus-k'qe'. 
skin,     H  ts!xa;     M  tse'-iis. 
village,     H  Llta'yas;     M  yets  tuk-kal'.^ 
house,     H  yixa'wEx;     M  yets. 
doorway,     H  tc!i'lE;     M  pin'-ictc. 
smoke-hole,     M  yets'  tuk-kwa'n.^ 
fire,     H  tclwai;  -  M  hem-mi'lt'. 
live   coals,     H  tsaye  (B);     M  ai'-yu-wa' 

puk-kii's.'' 
dead    coals,      H    tsaye   (B);     M    tsu'-k' 

qul-le'. 
ashes,     H  k*tsas;     M  Its'as. 
smoke,     H  kwina'was;     M  kqwul-le'.^ 
water,     H  M  xa^'p. 

bow  of  wood,    H  pi'lis ;    M  kqo-kqwe'l'." 
bow-string,     H  ctcet!;    M  kqo-kqwe'l  ti 

ctcet!. 
arrow,    H  M  nii'laq. 
fish-spear,     H  tcm'ma;    M  kat'l'. 
canoe,     H  ix*;    M  tku'us. 
bat,     M  k'a-sa'  pa'li. 


beaver,     H  M  f'tci'na. 

grizzly  bear,     H  swal;     M  yun-ye's&. 

black  bear,     H  cx-imt;     M  pel-e'l. 

wildcat,     H  ba'tkl;     M  ti'c-le-'e'. 

dog,     H  kwi'yos;     M  lek'-lo. 

deer,     H  M  xwi'tsxut. 

elk,     H  djill'ye;     M  kits. 

panther,       H    tltc't    (S);     M    tci-tuk'-k' 

qai-lu's. 
ground-hog,  rabbit,     H  M  tco'xtcox. 
mouse,      H    pokwe'tuldt  (B) ;      M   we'q- 

kun-yek". 
muskrat,     H  tse'no  (S);     M  sa'c-l'e. 
otter,     HM  ctcalt. 
raccoon,     H  x'i'ya;     M  k'qa'luc. 
skunk,     H  kwi'ltsi;     M  kun-na'-cl'e. 
wolf,     H  Li'mak";     M  Lim-u-tiit-ts'u'. 
coyote,     H  ye^lis;     M  ts'ul-li'-k'a. 
stick,     H  M  ni'k-in. 
north,    HM  be'ldj. 
east,     H  kaha'ic  (B);     M  tc'i'c-tci. 
south,     H  ku^s;     M  kwu  ci'-tci.'^ 
ocean,     H  balti'mis;     M  patt. 
Indian,     H   ma;     M  k'a-ta,  qwu's-si-ya'- 

k'a. 


NUMERALS.^ 


one,    H  yixe";     M  hi-tc'i'-k'a,  hi-tc'i'. 
two,     H  yuxwa';    M    a-ts'u'-k'a,  a-ts'u'.*^ 
three,     H  yi'psEn;    M  psinl-k'a,  psint.'" 
four,    H  he'cL'L;    M  ts'a-wa'-k'a,  ts'a-wa', 
five,     H  kat'E'mis;    M  kqun-tci'n-si-k'a, 

kqtin-tci'n-si. 
six,    H  yixe"wieq;  M  tsa-wa'q-kai-ye-k'a, 

tsa-wa"q-kai-ye. 


seven,     H  yuxwa'wieq;    M  psini-an. 
eight,     H  yixe''ahal;    M  a-ts'u'-'an. 
nine,     H  yuxwa'ahal;    M  hi-tc'i'-'an. 
ten,     H  Lepq!a'ni ;  M  t'i'-stci-k'a,  t'i'-stci. 
twenty,     Hyiixwa'ka;  M  a-ts'u'k'i-u'-k'a, 

a-ts'u-k'i-u. 
one  hundred,    H  yixe''  ni'k'in;  M  hV-tc'l 

ni'k'in. 


2  Probably  houses  together. 

*  Probably  ai'rva  STILL  +  puk-ku's. 


'  Probably  hole  in  head. 

3  Evidently  house  smokes. 

*  Evidently  miswritten  for  kwi'na. 

•>  It  is  not  inconceivable  that  this  word  may  be  the  appellative  term  for  the  Coquille 
(Mi'kik)  Indians.  "  Evidently  Ku'sitc  southwards. 

8  Where  two  forms  are  given  in  Miluk,  the  second  form  is  used  when  referring  to  objects 
only,  or  things  non-human;  the  first  form  refers  to  human  beings. 

3  Lower  Umpqua,  xa'ts'.u.  lo  Alsea,  psinLx. 


144 


POSSESSIVE  PRONOUNS. 

Hanis.  Miliik. 

iist  person hen'ne"  un-ne-n2,'  en-ne'-ng,' 

2d  person ye'-'ne"'  ne'-mel,  ne-mg't-ne 

3d  person hexa""  kwu'-te,  kwun-ni',  kwiin,  e-tti' 

!  Inclusive     heisne"'  mus-sd's-ng,  hi-tc'i'-kas-n6 

Exclusive hexwin'ne" 

2d  person heicne  a-ts  u'-ic-ne 

3d  person heuxxa"'  a-ts'ii-ka-te 

fist  person helin'ne"  ts'a-wa'-kate 

Plural     2d  person hecin'ne"  ku's-ka-is-nu,  ku's-ka-is-ne 

13d   person heilxii"'  ku's-ka-te 

That  one's ha,  la,  te'  u  e-yim-ii* 

That tE  e-tti 

PERSONAL   PRONOUNS. 

Hanis.  Miluk. 

[ist  person n-  en-ne'-u- 

Singular     2d  person e^-  ne-u- 

(3d  person xa-  e- 

!  Inclusive is-  missS-'s-kwi- 

Exclusive xvvin- 

2d  person ic-  mis-sa-i  s-kwi- 

3d  person lix-  a-ts'u'-ka-k\vi'- 

|ist  person lin-  kus-kas-en-nS's-kwi- 

Plural     2d  person cin-  ku's-ka-ts-kwi- 

(3d  person it-  ku's-ka-kwi- 

•   Evidently    miswritten   for  lien' nc  or  ;/'//(■.  2  Prol)ably  cmi. 


145 

In  my  Coos  grammar  ^  I  stated  that  the  Kusan  stock 
embraces  a  number  of  dialects,  the  principal  ones  being 
Hanis  and  Miluk,  and  that  the  latter  differs  vastly  from 
Hanis  in  lexicographical  and  morphological  respects.  This 
statement  was  based  chiefly  upon  information  furnished  by 
my  interpreter  and  informant,  and  would  seem  to  be  fully 
corroborated  by  a  close  study  of  the  comparable  material 
presented  in  the  preceding  pages.  Scanty  as  this  material 
is,  it  tends  to  accentuate  the  distinctiveness  of  the  Miluk 
dialect  rather  than  to  diminish  it;  assuming,  of  course, 
that  Dorsey's  collection  of  words  and  grammatical  forms 
is  correct. 

Of  the  104  nouns  that  are  contained  in  Dorsey's 
vocabulary,  only  29  show  a  total  agreement  in  phonetic 
structure  with  their  Hanis  equivalents,  while  1 3  seem  to 
be  but  partially  related  to  Hanis.  The  former  class  em- 
braces practically  all  terms  denoting  sex  and  age,  thereby 
suggesting  the  thought  that  the  terms  of  relationship,  too, 
may  have  been  identical  in  both  dialects.  Thus  the  vocabu- 
lary may  safely  be  said  to  have  strong  Kusan  affiliations. 

This,  however,  can  hardly  be  said  of  the  numerals,  for 
only  few  of  them  bear  any  resemblance  to  the  stems  that 
are  employed  in  Hanis.  Aside  from  their  phonetic  distinc- 
tiveness, they  present  a  feature  that  is  entirely  unknown 
to  the  Coos  system.  I  mean  the  division  of  the  numerals 
into  a  human  and  non-human  series  by  means  of  the 
suffix  -k' a.  That  classification  is  absolutely  lacking  in  Hanis. 
To  be  sure,  the  suffix  -ka  occurs  there,  but  it  is  employed 
for  the  purpose  of  forming  the  "tens."  Furthermore,  there 
can  be  no  etymological  connection  between  these  two, 
apparently  similar  suffixes,  for  the  simple  reason  that  -k'a 
appears  as  one  of  the  component  elements  that  form  the 
independent    possessive    pronouns    in    Miluk    (see    below). 

•  Op.  cit.,  p.  305. 
10 — COL.    UNIV.   CONTRIB.   ANTHROP.    —   VOL.    IV. 


146 

It  may  be  noted  in  this  connection,  that,  of  all  the  neii^-h- 
boring  stocks  (Siuslaw,  Yakonan,  Kalapuyan,  and  Atha- 
pascan), only  the  last  mentioned  disting^uishes  between  a 
human  and  a  non-human  series  in  the  cardinal  numerals, 
where  the  differentiating  element  is  the  suffix  -ni  or  -ne} 
meaning  people.  It  is  therefore  not  inconceivable  that 
this  device  of  forming-  numerals  of  the  human  series  may 
have  been  borrowed  from  the  Athapascan  languages,  in 
which  case  the  suffix  -k'a  would  represent,  by  analogy  to 
the  Athapascan  process,  an  abbreviation  for  the  Miluk 
word  Jc  a-ta  Indian,  people.  Of  course,  this  process  may 
also  be  explained  as  of  native  origin,  lost  eventually  in 
the  Hanis  dialect,  but  kept  by  the  Miluk  long  after  the 
disinteorration  of  Coos  into  diverofent  dialects.  A  further 
analysis  of  the  Miluk  numerals  shows  that  they  contain 
one  term  in  common  with  Siuslaw  (two),  and  another  in 
common  with  Alsea  (three),  which  is  rather  peculiar,  in 
view  of  the  fact  that  the  Miluks  were  not  the  immediate 
neighbors  of  these  tribes  -,  while,  on  the  other  hand,  the 
Hanis  territory  adjoined  directly  that  of  the  Siuslaw  and 
Alsea.  In  one  respect  only  do  the  two  numeral  systems 
agree ;  namely,  in  their  origin.  Both  have,  to  all  appear- 
ances, a  quinary  origin,  and  only  five  simple  stems;  viz., 
the  numerals  from  i  to  5  inclusive.  The  Miluk  term  for 
SIX  evidently  denotes  four  (fingers  down),  that  for  seven 
indicates  three  (fingers  down),  etc.,  showing  a  striking 
convergence  with  the  Kalapuya  numeral  system,  where  a 
similar  process  of  forming  the  numerals  from  six  up  pre- 
vails. Ten  seems  to  be  distantly  related  to  the  term  for  one. 
A  much  closer  and  more  self-evident  ao-reement  between 
the  two  dialects  is  shown  by  the  possessive  pronouns. 
There    can    be    no    doubt   that    the   examples  obtained  by 

'  See   P.  E.  Goddard,    Athapascan  (Hupa),  Handbook  of  American  Indian  Lan- 
guages, vol.  i,  p.   149. 


Dorsey,  especially  the  pronouns  for  the  dual  and  plural, 
are  auxiliary  forms  consisting  of  at  least  two  component 
elements,  —  one  an  initial  element;  and  the  other  the 
sign  of  possession,  which  in  Miluk  would  seem  to  be  ne 
or  te,  in  contrast  to  the  Hanis  m.  The  possessive  pronoun 
for  the  first  person  singular  evidently  consists  of  the  per- 
sonal pronoun  for  that  person  {u)  phis  the  sign  of  pos- 
session; or  else  it  may  be  explained  as  having  been 
miswritten     for     Jieiine''     in    which    case    it    would    show 

o  ' 

perfect  agreement  with  the  Hanis  form.  The  pronoun 
for  the  second  person  singular  is  quite  distinct  in  form. 
The  pronominal  element  conducing  the  idea  of  a  second 
person  singular  would  seem  to  be  ne ;  the  second  com- 
ponent part  is  undoubtedly  the  Siuslaw  case-ending  -Rint; 
while  the  terminal  ne  is  the  previously-mentioned  sign  of 
possession,  which  may  be  omitted.  The  third  person  sin- 
gular consists  of  the  demonstrative  stems  kwi%-  or  ^,  am- 
plified by  means  of  the  sign  of  possession.  Dorsey  was 
evidently  unable  to  obtain  a  form  for  the  exclusive  dual. 
His  two  forms  for  the  inclusive  are  easily  correlated  to 
the  Hanis  forms,  but  more  properly  should  have  been 
written  nius-sa  -Is-ne  and  hi-tc  i-k' a-is-7ie.  Mus-sa  and  hl- 
tcl-k'a  are  probably  synonymous  terms  for  the  numeral 
ONE  (see  above),  and  is-ne  is  too  self-evident  to  require 
further  comment.  The  pronoun  for  the  second  person 
dual  is  composed  of  the  numeral  xafts/u  two,  of  the  per- 
sonal pronoun  is^  and  of  the  possessive  sign  ne.  The 
informant  has  in  this  case  omitted  the  suffix  -k'a,  perhaps 
involuntarily.  The  form  for  the  third  person  dual,  literally 
translated,  would  mean  of  two  people,  and  can  by  no 
means  be  regarded  as  a  true  possessive  pronoun.  In  like 
manner  the  pronoun  for  the  third  person  plural  is  no 
possessive  form,  for  it  simply  means  of  all  people  [kus  = 
Hanis  go^^s    all;    -k'a    suffix    expressing    numerals    of  the 


14^^ 

human  series;  -te  sign  of  possession).  The  form  for  the 
first  person  plural  evidently  means  of  four  people  ;  while 
that  for  the  second  person  consists  of  the  adverb  go^s  all, 
of  the  suffix  -k'a^  of  the  personal  pronoun  -Is^  and  of  the 
sign  of  possession  iie.  I  believe  that  in  this  form  Dorsey 
mis-heard  the  element  ic  (the  Hanis  personal  pronoun  for 
the  second  person  dual)  for  Is.  The  possessive  form  of 
the  demonstrative  pronoun  seems  to  be  composed  of  the 
demonstrative  stem  c  and  of  the  Siuslaw  relative  suffix 
-EDii.  Thus,  while  it  is  true  that  only  three  forms  of  the 
possessive  pronouns  seem  to  show  phonetic  or  structural 
agreement  in  both  dialects,  still  I  may  not  be  amiss  in 
stating  that  a  revision  of  Dorsey's  material  with  the  aid 
of  a  Miluk  informant  would  bring  out  a  more  complete 
correspondence.  It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  a  majority 
of  the  examples  adduced  by  Dorsey  are  not  true  posses- 
sive pronouns,  but  auxiliary  forms  obtained  by  composition. 
In  the  same  manner  I  regard  as  only  partially  correct 
the  personal  pronouns  that  are  found  in  Dorsey's  collec- 
tion. A  full  discussion  of  these  forms  is  impossible,  in 
view  of  the  fact  that  they  are  given  with  but  one  verbal 
stem  ;  and  I  entertain  a  strong  suspicion  that  this  stem  is 
a  nominal  form.  The  stem  in  question,  standardized  in 
accordance  with  my  own  spelling,  is  the  verb  initsisiyata., 
which  Dorsey  translates  to  know.  The  Hanis  radical  is 
mits-  TO  KNOW.  By  adding  to  it  the  nominal  suffix  -is^ 
an  adjective  mitsh  wise  is  obtained.  The  suffix  -lyaia 
may  be  the  Miluk  form  of  the  Hanis  -lyaL^"  that  expresses 
the  performer  of  an  action.  In  further  proof  of  this 
theory,  it  may  be  stated  that  Dorsey,  in  a  note,  explains 
the  element  kwi^  found  in  all  forms  for  the  dual  and 
plural,  as  the  nominative  sign.  That  being  the  case,  the 
final   M   in   the  first  and  second  persons  singular  is  to  be 

^  See  Coos,  An  Illustrative  Sketch,  p.   360.  '^  Ibid.,  p.  376. 


149 

regarded  as  having  the  same  function  for  the  singular 
number,  and  as  identical  perhaps  with  the  Hanis  sign  of 
possession,  it.  The  first  person  singular  would  then,  in 
its  initial  element,  agree  with  the  Hanis  n'7ie.  The  second 
person  singular  is  totally  distinct  from  Hanis,  while  in  the 
third  person  the  demonstrative  pronoun  has  been  sub- 
stituted. The  form  for  the  inclusive  dual  differs  but  little 
from  the  possessive  pronoun  (see  above).  The  element  is 
of  the  second  person  dual  has  evidently  been  mis-heard 
for  ic.  In  the  third  person  dual  the  kwi  is  substituted 
for  the  possessive  te  (see  above),  —  a  substitution  that 
prevails  likewise  in  all  plural  forms.  The  pronoun  for 
the  first  person  plural  is  evidently  related  to  that  for  the 
corresponding  person  of  the  singular.  The  remaining  two 
forms  require  no  further  discussion. 

Summing  up,  it  would  seem  that  while  Miluk  is  un- 
doubtedly a  Kusan  dialect,  the  comparable  material  at 
hand  shows  it  to  possess  enough  independent  vocables 
and  morphological  forms  to  justify  its  classification  as  a 
distinct  dialect,  that  probably  became  separated  from  its 
mother  tongue  at  an  early  period.  This  divergence  is 
by  no  means  easy  to  explain.  The  Kusan  stock,  in  all 
probability,  held  sway  over  an  area  quite  limited  in  size 
(a  narrow  strip  of  the  present  Coos  County  wedged  in 
between  the  Coast  Range  and  the  Pacific  Ocean),  and  the 
topographical  nature  of  this  country  presented  no  difficul- 
ties to  even  the  most  primitive  means  of  communication. 
Thus  the  two  principal  contributing  factors  to  dialectic 
differentiation  —  vastness  and  inaccessibility  of  territory  — - 
are  lacking  in  this  case.  Perhaps,  after  a  better  knowledge 
of  the  causes  that  result  in  a  disintegration  of  a  common 
language  into  various  dialects,  we  shall  be  in  a  position 
to  explain  fully  the  problem  presented  to  us  by  this  small 
stock  of  southwestern   Oresfon. 

o 


I50 


2.   Notes  on  Coos  Texts  (Vol.   I   of  this  Series). 

The  corrections  to  my  "Coos  Texts"  given  here  are 
largely  emendations  of  the  series  of  texts  collected  by 
Mr.  St.  Clair.  The  texts  from  p.  132  on  were  collected 
by  Mr.  St.  Clair.  My  unfamiliarity  with  his  phonetic  system, 
and  my  inability  to  obtain  from  my  informant  such  words 
and  phrases  contained  in  St.  Clair's  texts  as  were  strange 
to  me,  compelled  me  to  leave  them  in  the  form  in  which 
he  had  written  them.  After  the  volume  had  been  printed, 
I  had  opportunity  to  verify  many  of  the  words  and  phrases 
hitherto  unknown  to  me.  These  and  a  number  of  addi- 
tional corrections  are  given  in  the  following  list. 


On  p. 

15, 

line 

2, 

for 

ma'qal 

read 

ma'qaL. 

a 

20, 

footnote  3, 

a 

^  116 

a 

§  115 

(( 

22, 

' 

I, 

ft 

§   116 

il 

§  115 

u 

24, 

line 

22, 

a 

qak'eleni'we 

a 

qak'elani'we 

a 

28, 

« 

16, 

a 

Lqa'ai 

a 

Lqa'ai 

a 

28, 

u 

18, 

(( 

wi'luwit 

il 

wi'luwit 

(( 

28, 

li 

26, 

a 

Lovven 

il 

Lowen 

a 

27, 

<f 

27, 

li 

Lowi'tat 

il 

Lowi'tat 

ii 

30, 

f( 

I, 

" 

Lo'wiyam 

li 

Lo'wiyam 

a 

30. 

u 

5, 

" 

Qa'^Llta 

11 

Qa'laLlta 

u 

30, 

il 

II, 

a 

Lowe'entc 

li 

Lowe'entc 

(( 

30. 

u 

20, 

(( 

Lle'simt 

a 

L!e'*simt 

a 

32, 

u 

10, 

a 

qawilai'we 

il 

qawilai'we 

ii 

32, 

u 

21, 

a 

tcllini'yat 

li 

tcllini'yat 

a 

32, 

u 

23, 

a 

L!x-rnt 

11 

LixTnt 

i( 

36, 

a 

23, 

ii 

qai'tsowitc 

11 

qai'tsowitc 

(( 

38, 

a 

10, 

it 

Lowa'kats 

a 

Lowa'kats 

li 

38, 

" 

20, 

a 

Lla'nex 

il 

Lla'nex 

a 

42, 

a 

4, 

a 

LIxana'yem 

(f 

LIxana'yem 

(f 

42, 

a 

7, 

11 

L"\va'hait 

li 

Lowa'hait 

i( 

42, 

u 

i9> 

(1 

a'qana'ya 

il 

a'qana'ya 

u 

46, 

ii 

23, 

a 

kwaa'niya 

11 

kwaa'niya 

It 

48, 

(( 

16, 

i( 

alqa'lu 

il 

alq.'a'lu 

(( 

48, 

(( 

23, 

li 

t!et 

li 

tle't 

151 


On  p. 

5°, 

footnote  I, 

for 

xil  t  -lye 

read 

xil  -f-  -lye 

u 

52, 

line 

15. 

li 

iLsa'etc 

a 

'iLsa'Etc 

(( 

52, 

" 

i5> 

a 

wiLi'ye 

li 

wiLlI'ye 

a 

54, 

a 

i3> 

ii 

L!1ex 

ii 

lIIe'x 

a 

5^, 

u 

9> 

11 

Lowe'entc 

li 

Lowe'entc 

a 

56, 

footnote  3, 

li 

kwane'ni  (kwan-) 

11 

kiwane'ni  (k!wan 

-) 

u 

58. 

line 

12, 

li 

Lowe'entc 

11 

Lowe'entc 

i( 

58, 

a 

14, 

11 

L'pe'xetc 

(( 

L'-pe'xetc 

(( 

60, 

a 

3> 

11 

yixa'ntcnts 

« 

yixa'ntcnts 

(( 

60, 

a 

20, 

li 

nle'hi 

(( 

nle'hi 

(1 

60,  footnotes  1,2 

2     " 

t 

11 

+ 

(( 

62, 

footnote  I, 

11 

taix'  here  t  -t 

11 

^atx'  here  -)-  -t 

a 

64, 

line 

9. 

li 

nle'hi 

11 

nle'hi 

a 

64, 

li 

15 

a 

iJa'yEtat 

(( 

La'yEtat 

u 

64, 

footnote 

'   X, 

li 

kwan- 

ii 

k!wan- 

u 

72, 

line 

13 

11 

ten 

ii 

tEn 

a 

72, 

li 

15 

ii 

he° 

11 

hE° 

li 

72, 

ii 

17 

11 

e^muxtitaa'rai 

li 

e'^muxtitsa'mi 

n 

74, 

11 

26 

a 

ikwi'litu 

11 

ikwi'litu 

li 

76, 

11 

20 

ii 

\vix-ik-!ine*'wat 

11 

wix'k"!ine''wat 

u 

78, 

11 

6 

11 

kwitsa'^tsa 

ii 

kwltsa'tsa 

u 

78, 

11 

19 

ii 

klall'yat 

li 

Lk!all'yat 

a 

84, 

2  2 

11 

kwe'neL 

a 

kwe'neL 

u 

88, 

" 

18 

li 

tsowe 

11 

tsowe' 

" 

108, 

ti 

29 

(( 

hai'x-tits 

il 

ha"x-tits 

(( 

1 16, 

" 

16 

(( 

hai'x-tits 

li 

ha"x'tits 

a 

124, 

ii 

30 

11 

kwi'wat 

11 

x-kwl'wat 

u 

130, 

u 

5 

a 

Llkali'yat 

li 

Lklall'yat 

(( 

132, 

u 

16 

li 

akwu'ni 

11 

I'kwii'nl 

it 

132, 

11 

17 

11 

Lokwa'isatc 

11 

Loxwa'isatc 

(( 

132, 

" 

20, 

li 

Lokwa'isTtc 

li 

Loxwa'isltc 

a 

134, 

11 

4 

a 

kwitkwi'ti 

il 

kwitkwl'^tl 

a 

134, 

11 

8 

(( 

tsisoti'ya 

li 

tsisotl'ye 

u 

134, 

u 

19 

a 

aq'antkaai'itc 

11 

ak'a'nkaa*'Itc 

u 

134, 

It 

22 

a 

ta'tenna 

a 

ta't'na 

a 

136, 

u 

I 

a 

licalaya't" 

11 

li'clayat 

u 

136, 

li 

4 

li 

dltce'tces 

11 

L!tce''tcis 

u 

^36, 

11 

12 

ii 

weL 

11 

wa'^L 

u 

136, 

11 

13 

i5> 

u 

Luwi'dza 

.1 

Ldwi'tsil 

(( 

136, 

a 

20 

a 

huiti'tEx 

li 

hu'tl'tEx 

(f 

136, 

11 

21 

li 

xwintxwi'ni 

11 

xwintxwi'naai 

(( 

136, 

li 

23 

li 

qa'yaqa'yi 

" 

qa"qa' 

(( 

136, 

a 

25 

a 

lk!wa'kwES 

a 

lk!wa'k!wES 

a 

^36, 

ii 

26 

a 

tsxa'it 

(( 

tsqa't 

1  =^2 


On  p. 

136, 

line 

27, 

for 

Lk-its 

read  Llk'i'ts 

(( 

136, 

footnote 

5, 

(( 

qa"qe' 

« 

qa"qa' 

(( 

137, 

line 

10 

from 

bottom, 

11 

drive 

a 

order 

(( 

138, 

u 

15, 

11 

aldza'xam 

li 

a'lts''xEm 

a 

138, 

u 

24, 

ti 

wais 

11 

wa'is 

a 

140, 

u 

7, 

li 

tc!e'ne'nis 

(( 

tce^ne'nis 

i( 

140, 

(( 

12, 

u 

lately  m 

(( 

latcl'yem 

(( 

140, 

a 

28, 

11 

sqa'ilts 

11 

sqa'lts 

i( 

142, 

n 

5, 

11 

Lawa'yam 

11 

Lawa'yam 

u 

142, 

<( 

iS> 

11 

Laxkukwana'was 

il 

Laxkukwana'was 

li 

142, 

(( 

16, 

11 

qala'ni 

11 

kafa'nl 

« 

142, 

(( 

17, 

11 

k'cawani 

a 

k-'ciwa'ni 

(( 

142, 

(( 

21, 

11 

e'lka'ikwitu 

u 

e^lqa'lkwitu 

« 

142, 

a 

28, 

11 

tsahas 

a 

tse'hes 

<( 

142, 

" 

28, 

11 

kwai's'xEm 

(( 

kwa'ls''xEm 

a 

142, 

(f 

3o> 

il 

dictls 

11 

ticLlts 

a 

144, 

"2, 

5>6,7,9,i4 

11 
J 

se'nkwit 

11 

si'nkwit 

a 

144, 

a 

II, 

11 

xia'atc 

11 

xk'ie'etc 

a 

144, 

a 

14, 

a 

djitcali 

It 

tc!Etc!ica'lI 

(( 

144, 

a 

17, 

11 

q!a'laut 

11 

qala-t 

(( 

144, 

a 

29, 

11 

tsini'yiya 

11 

tsi  hinl'yiya 

a 

146, 

u 

14, 

11 

qai'yal 

11 

ka'yal 

(( 

146, 

ii 

15, 

11 

wI'yeL! 

11 

wi'yeL 

li 

146, 

u 

i5> 

li 

kwe'nci 

li 

qwi'nci 

" 

146, 

a 

15, 

il 

te't 

il 

t!e't 

a 

146, 

i( 

17, 

2r, 

11 

tcuj  i'qatat 

il 

tcyi'qat 

« 

146, 

a 

19, 

il 

tciiyi'aqa 

il 

tcyl'yaqa 

u 

146, 

a 

30, 

11 

kaLi'niEq 

11 

qa  aLi'maq 

« 

146, 

a 

31, 

11 

me'la 

11 

mi^la 

(( 

146, 

a 

32, 

li 

p'xat 

11 

pxat 

(( 

147, 

(( 

3 

from 

bottom, 

11 

was  long 

11 

began  to  get  long 

(( 

148, 

a 

13, 

11 

bExwi'niEm 

11 

pExwi'nyEm 

a 

148, 

a 

17, 

18, 

il 

se'uk- 

11 

si'Lik- 

(f 

148, 

u 

17, 

19. 

li 

tsa'has 

(( 

tse'hes 

(f 

148, 

(1 

2S> 

il 

x'gi'mendj 

(( 

xk'i'mentc 

(( 

148, 

u 

26, 

11 

k!xa 

11 

kxa 

u 

148, 

li 

27, 

28, 

11 

tclowayam 

li 

tclowa'yam 

« 

i5o> 

11 

I, 

11 

tctowa'yam 

il 

tctowa'yam 

(f 

150, 

11 

9> 

11 

sI'yeL! 

li 

sI'yeL 

u 

i5o> 

" 

i5> 

11 

tkwat 

il 

tk.'wat 

a 

150, 

u 

26, 

11 

tsxaya'e'wat 

11 

tsqaya'e'wat 

i( 

152, 

11 

6, 

11 

qala' 

11 

qa'la" 

153 


152, 

line 

23,          for 

tsqat 

read 

tskat 

152, 

li 

28, 

(( 

tyi'axai'wat 

t( 

iyiaxa'ewat 

152, 

a 

29> 

" 

ak"e 

(( 

ek-e' 

154, 

a 

3,5, 

it 

qatt 

(( 

qalt 

154, 

« 

5, 

il 

xwa'lwal 

a 

xwa'lxwal 

154, 

(( 

7, 

11 

p'saha'itc 

u 

psa'hetc 

154, 

a 

14,26,27, 

11 

sEla'yam 

li 

sila'yam 

154, 

a 

22, 

11 

qet 

11 

qai 

154, 

(( 

31, 

11 

ha'nnetc 

11 

hEn  nitc 

156, 

a 

5, 

11 

helaqe'tc 

if 

helaqe'tc 

156, 

u 

28, 

11 

i'alx 

il 

alx 

158, 

li 

7, 

11 

LE'kat 

11 

Likat 

158, 

a 

14,  15. 

11 

Likaya'haxam 

11 

L'kaya'x'xEm 

158, 

(( 

17, 

11 

LEkai'axatc 

11 

L'ka'yaxetc 

l62, 

a 

24, 

11 

L!xat 

11 

Lxat 

162, 

a 

25, 

" 

u'xmet 

11 

k""mat 

163, 

a 

16, 

11 

turning  into  tsaLtsiL 

" 

covered  with   blub 
ber  fat 

163, 

li 

18, 

11 

in  and  out  to  the 
ocean 

u 

into  the  river 

164, 

(( 

2, 

11 

x"'met 

a 

k""mat 

164, 

a 

9, 

(( 

ladjl'ya 

11 

latcl'ya 

166, 

a 

^3, 

11 

nkwila'gwat 

11 

nkwala'kwai 

168, 

a 

4, 

il 

qa'Lqal 

11 

qa'Lqal 

168, 

li 

12, 

11 

tsutsuwa'ne 

11 

tsotsowa'ni 

168, 

ii 

25, 

il 

alx 

11 

alx 

168, 

il 

26, 

a 

LtCl 

11 

LitCl 

170, 

11 

14,  15, 

11 

tcinawa'LEs  hana'ya 

11 

tcina'^waLi'sanaya 

170, 

il 

18, 

a 

Lxant 

a 

Llxant 

172, 

il 

7, 

11 

LX"T 

11 

L!k-i 

172, 

li 

9,  10,  12, 

(( 

xo'xwet 

a 

xo'xwel 

172, 

li 

13,  foot- 
note 3, 

il 

e^k'!ayu'x"sil 

11 

e%-!ayi'k"sil 

172, 

il 

15, 

11 

yu'x''sil 

11 

yi'k"sil 

172, 

11 

17, 

11 

wiiwi'yak" 

11 

wElwi'yak 

172, 

11 

22, 

11 

twi'git 

a 

Iwi'kit 

172, 

11 

22. 

11 

Lxant 

il 

Llxant 

174, 

i( 

2, 

u 

t'tci'nau 

il 

t'tci'na 

174, 

(( 

3, 

(( 

tsa'no 

11 

tsen 

174, 

a 

8,  II,  12, 

22,25, 

a 

t'tci'na 

11 

t^tci'na 

174, 

11 

8, 

li 

tsan 

11 

tsen 

174, 

il 

14,15.29 

il 

klLtci 

a 

LitcT 

174, 

li 

18, 

il 

kwe'he 

a 

klwe'he 

154 


On  p. 

174, 

line 

19, 

for 

kaixniEq 

read 

au'maq 

« 

174, 

u 

19, 

(( 

ha'miyau 

11 

He  mi^ya 

« 

174, 

u 

22, 

(( 

dano'La 

(( 

tano'La 

a 

174. 

il 

22, 

« 

qagi'ti 

;( 

qaki'ti 

« 

174, 

a 

30, 

u 

([ame'tits 

U 

qlmi'tits 

u 

176, 

il 

2,  7,  8, 

18,  22, 

a 

t'tci'na 

it 

t'tci'na 

u 

176, 

11 

5. 

a 

q'l-ats 

u 

qLats 

ii 

176, 

il 

9, 

a 

qai'La 

u 

qa'"La 

u 

176, 

il 

15,  3h 

11 

altsa'ya 

u 

altsi'ye 

il 

176, 

11 

18,  23, 

11 

tsan 

u 

tsen 

a 

176, 

11 

25, 

a 

ya'mdat 

u 

yam^tat 

a 

178, 

a 

30, 

(( 

}x"ili'yat 

II 

r'x'Ui'yat 

(i 

180, 

il 

I,  16, 

(( 

t'tci'na 

u 

ftci'na 

a 

180, 

" 

7,  17, 

il 

pcnpan 

» 

pi'npan 

a 

180, 

a 

15, 

11 

Lxant 

u 

Lixant 

i( 

182, 

il 

I, 

li 

La'pet 

u 

La 'pit 

a 

182, 

a 

24, 

11 

tqala'Les 

u 

tqelii'Lis 

a 

182, 

il 

26, 

11 

tsLe 

"' 

sl!I 

a 

184, 

il 

I, 

11 

tSLl 

It 

sl!I 

11 

184, 

11 

T7, 

t( 

LTni'°wat 

(1 

Lllni'wat 

li 

184, 

il 

17, 

li 

qai'La 

It 

qai'La 

a 

184, 

il 

23, 

il 

tEtcT'u 

I! 

f'tcl'yu 

11 

186, 

11 

3, 

il 

hala"  wEhaL 

U, 

hE  la"  ha'L 

u 

186, 

11 

3, 

11 

11 

It 

il 

li 

186, 

u 

5,6,8,15^ 

li 
> 

tsm'ma 

a 

tcm'ma 

a 

186, 

li 

5, 

11 

qaya'atc  tci'mitc 

il 

qaya"tcEmitc 

u 

186, 

il 

7, 

" 

hu'natatc 

It 

huna^tatc 

a 

186, 

li 

7, 

li 

hu'natitc 

u 

huna^titc 

a 

186, 

li 

8, 

a 

kwalxai'ya 

u. 

kiwalxa'ya 

(( 

186, 

il 

12, 

u. 

itci  le'isetc 

It 

itcile'isetc 

11 

186, 

" 

14, 

11 

kwalaqa'ya 

It 

k!walxa'ya 

a 

188, 

11 

18, 

li 

Li'Exatc 

It 

Li'xatc 

" 

190, 

li 

I,  3, 

11 

hithl'yat 

it 

hi'thit 

(( 

190, 

il 

3, 

11 

qaya'nowitc 

11 

k!aya'nowitc 

(( 

190, 

li 

3, 

11 

qaxaxa'naya 

tt 

qaxaxana'ya 

ERRATA, 


s, 

line 

4, 

8, 

a 

5, 

8, 

u 

9, 

9, 

« 

I, 

9, 

a 

6, 

12, 

(C 

6, 

i3> 

u 

4, 

13, 

u 

7, 

14, 

fC 

3, 

14, 

u 

6, 

15, 

u 

4, 

21, 

It 

10, 

22, 

ii 

I,- 

23, 

u 

6, 

24, 

<f 

2, 

25, 

u 

8, 

28, 

a 

2, 

29, 

u 

I, 

30, 

u 

20, 

32, 

a 

5, 

32, 

li 

8, 

32, 

" 

13, 

36, 

u 

26, 

40, 

u 

9, 

42, 

ii 

6, 

42, 

a 

7, 

46, 

a 

16, 

48, 

u 

10, 

50, 

a 

I, 

50, 

a 

16, 

52, 

a 

2, 

58, 

a 

22, 

62, 

a 

2, 

62, 

lines 

11,15, 

for  tEmua'wax 

"  ka'Lxesun 

"  tE'xmisitci 

"  smut'a't' 

"  hutca" 

"  inq!a'itcix 

"  ilya'tct 

"  ya'xatc'isfnx 

"  xi'ntmisun 

"  sqa'k 

"  ptna'tx 

"  s'atl'tc 

"  s^'atsi'tc 

"  sqa'ktci'tc 

"  wa'a'sii'nE 

"  yaq"- 

"  ika'atc 

"  tcitci'mya 

"  Inqla'a' 

"  ya'xtux 

"  ha'utux 

"  ta"k 

"  ya'q"''yun 

"  tExmi'l'ma 

"  xwi'Ltuxtc 

"  wa'a'tx 

"  wiLla" 

"  xilxcl'yutsma"'x 

"  qayu'ts'tc 

"  tslLliya's 

"  nT'ctcat!a''x 

"  sqa'tEm 

"  ya'^ku's'^nx 

"  qayu'nats'tc 

[155] 


read  tEmua'wax 
qa'Lxesun 
tE'xmisitci 
smut'a't' 
hutca" 
inqla'itcix 
t'ya'tc't 
ya'xatc'isfnx 
xi'ntmisun 
sqa'k 
phia'tx 
s*'atsi'tc 
s'atsi'tc 
sqa'ktci'tc 
wa'a'su'nE 
yaq"'- 
Ikla'atc 
tcimtci'mya 
inqla'a' 
ya'xtux 
ha'utux 

trk 

ya'q"'yun 

tExmi'l'ma 

xwi'Lltuxtc 

wa'a'tx 

wiLa'' 

xil*xcl'yutsma"x 

qayu'tc'^'tc 

tsiLl'ya's 

ni'ctcat'a''x 

sqa'tEm 

yEku's'iix 

qay"na'ts'tc 


156 


p- 

62, 

line 

18, 

for 

pk'i'ti 

read 

pk'I'ti 

(( 

62, 

" 

t8. 

" 

sqa'tma"x 

(( 

sqa-'tma^x 

« 

66, 

a 

16, 

« 

hatci'xam 

•' 

hatc'i'xam 

a 

66, 

(( 

22, 

(( 

([nuwi'wus 

(( 

qnu'wi'wus 

u 

66, 

(( 

23, 

(( 

hatca'yu'nE 

« 

hatc'ayu"nE 

(( 

68, 

« 

3, 

« 

hatca'yutnE 

(( 

hatc'a'yutnE 

(( 

68, 

(( 

7, 

« 

hatci'xam 

(( 

hatc'i'xam 

a 

68, 

" 

10, 

" 

sqa'tEm 

n 

sqa'tEm 

« 

68, 

(( 

13, 

« 

xawa"tx 

l( 

xawa''tx 

i( 

68, 

u 

17, 

i( 

ha'ha'ntc 

(I 

qa'ha'ntc 

ii 

72, 

<i 

12, 

(f 

yaq"- 

K 

yaq-'- 

a 

72, 

a 

17, 

(I 

ku'nlsuts 

U 

ku"nisuts 

u 

72, 

a 

23, 

« 

xwi'"nTs 

ii 

xni'"nl.s 

n 

74, 

« 

2, 

<( 

xa"'xa'tc 

ii 

ya^'xa'tc 

n 

76, 

ii 

I, 

« 

ya'xa" 

(( 

ya'xa" 

a 

78, 

i( 

3, 

(( 

t(iutu"nE 

.( 

tqutu'yu'nE 

(( 

78, 

a 

18, 

« 

kunu'tswa 

ii 

ku'nu'tswa 

a 

80, 

n 

I, 

u 

kri"na'\va' 

ii 

ku'na'wa' 

i( 

80, 

a 

13, 

a 

Liha" 

ii 

Liha" 

11 

80, 

u 

17, 

a 

lIxu'I- 

ii 

Lxu'i- 

It 

82, 

a 

2, 

ha"ku' 

1( 

ha'kwi 

(( 

82, 

(( 

15, 

a 

L!x\vlyu"txanx 

U 

Lxwiyu"txanx 

ti 

82, 

» 

17, 

u 

ts'ha'yunanx 

u 

ts"ha'yunanx 

u 

82, 

» 

t8, 

i( 

Llxu'yutsmE 

ii 

Lxu'yutsmE 

it 

94, 

u 

3, 

it 

qaxa'ntc^ax 

11 

qaxu'ntc"ax 

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